主语从句语法要点

主语从句(Subject Clause)

定义:如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句.

第一部分：常规主语从句，即句子在复合句中充当一个主语

（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. （2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.

（3）Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.

（4）Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.

（5）What caused the accident remains unknown.

（6）Whatever you did is right.

（7）Whose watch was lost is unknown.

（8）What we need is time.

（9）What we need are good doctors.

小结:

（1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等

（2)连词位于句首不能省略

（3)主语从句大多数情况下视为三单,但也有例外,如例9

第二部分：为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末

（1）It is certain that he will win the match.

（2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.

（3）It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.

（4）It is strange that he should do that.

（5）It is important that we all should attend the meeting.

（6）It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.

（7）It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.

（8）It is still a mystery what caused the accident.

（9）It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai) （10）It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese. （11）It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.

（12）It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film) （13）It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)

小结:

（1)以that 引出的主语从句,常以形式主语it引导. It is +形容词/名词/某些动词ed + that 从句.

（2) 在有些that从句中要用虚拟语气(should+do/should+have done)例句4,5,6,11.

主语从句与宾语从句两者的用法和在句中的作用是不同的，下面从它们的各自用法，介绍：）~

一．主语从句

主语从句定义:在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句。主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式

主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较

It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：

It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.

2. 用it 作形式主语的结构

(1) It is ＋名词＋从句

It is a fact that …事实是…

It is an honor that …非常荣幸

It is common knowledge that …是常识

(2) it is ＋形容词＋从句

It is natural that…很自然…

It is strange that…奇怪的是…

(3) it is ＋不及物动词＋从句

It seems that…似乎…

It happened that…碰巧…

(4) it ＋过去分词＋从句

It is reported that…据报道…

It has been proved that…已证实…

3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况

(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。

(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.

(3) It happens…, It occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.

(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.

(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：

Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?

4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别

What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：

What you said yesterday is right.

二：宾语从句的几个特征：1、引导词：what\which\whose\when\whether\if\where 2语序：宾语从句必须是用陈述语句。

如：I think that you must work harder.

宾语从句的引导词、连接词的区别、否定转移等现象。

(1)表达时间的几个句型：一般用when或者是what time：

What time will the train leave?

由于时刻都是固定的，也可以用一般现在时代替一般将来时：

What time does the train leave?

(2)时间的表达方式：8：19(nineteen past eight),7:57(three to eight)，在时间的中间也可以加上分的单词(minutes)

(3)had better +动词原型。意思是提要求，建议。但是上下级不能用这种方式，因为语气太重：

You had better give up smoking .

(4)sb leave sth +地点

I left my book in my classroom yesterday.

(5)may I have your name(address\age)?一般询问对方的年龄、名字等，不要习惯以前的问法，这样很不礼貌，而是要采访上面的问法。以前的习惯是：how old are you? \what's your name?

(6)修饰名词的代词次序：限-描-大-形---年---颜----籍----材--------类+名词：this is a bridge.

This is a beautiful bridge

补充：从句的语序永远是陈述句。

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1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末. It's well-known that water is indispensable to life.(形式主语) 2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here. 3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。 I don't know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。 He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once. 5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。 We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms. The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.

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在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。今天我们就来重点讲一下其中的主语从句。在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫作主语从句。它的具体表现形式是：引导词引导一个从句作主语；或者it作形式主语+谓语/系表结构+引导词+从句。【例1】that That Chris Lee won the champion of Super Girl in 2005 arouse wide public concern.李宇春赢得2005年超女冠军这件事引起了社会的广泛关注。【例2】what What caused the accident remains unknown.是什么引起了这一事故仍然未知。【例3】where Where my wife and I should choose to continue my further education is a question of great importance.我太太和我应该去哪享受我们的蜜月还没有最后决定。【例4】which Which university I should choose to continue my further education is a question of great importance.我应该考哪个大学的研究生是个很重要的问题。【例5】when When and where the test will be given is not yet decided.什么时候在什么地方进行考试还没定下来。【例6】-ever Whoever gets the job will have a lot of work to do.任何得到这份工作的人都将要有很多工作要做。【例7】how How we can protect the grain from damp needs to be discussed.我们怎样才能保护粮食不受潮需要讨论。【例8】whether Whether this is true or not remains a mystery.这是对是错还是个谜。 It句型有的时候主语从句过长，根据人类短暂记忆规律，主语过长会影响理解和阅读，往往会用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句尾，加以强调，是为it句型。【例】 It is a pity that we won’t be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.我们不能去南方度过我们的暑假很遗憾。为表示强调，常以形式主语it引导从句。It+谓语+引导词+从句。由于主语从句一般被认为是单数形式，形式主语代表真正的主语，因此要用it。因此形式主语的谓语动词、be动词+表语均为第三人称单数形式或过去式。英国桂冠诗人约翰·梅斯菲尔德说：“快乐的日子使人睿智。”很多考生可能觉得这句话应该反过来说，但其实复习过一段时间以后，面对着越来越复杂的难题，你就会发现，保持快乐的心态，复习效率自然而然就会提高。

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whichever 连接副词： where when how why 例如： whatshedidisnotyetknown.她干了什么尚不清楚。 Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 whoevercomesiswelcome.不论谁来都欢迎。 whereveryouareismyhome----myonlyhome.你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。注：主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词+that从句。例如： Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了。

B. It+be+名词词组+that从句。例如： It'sapitythatwecan'tgo.很遗憾我们不能去。 It'snosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.我们没赢这场比赛真意外。 c.It+be+过去分词+that从句。例如： Itissaidthatmr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京。 Itisreportedthatchinahassentanotherman-madeearthsat elliteintoorbit.据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。 D.It+seem,happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。例如： ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.Alice似乎不来参加晚会。 IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.碰巧我那天外出了。 E.It+doesn'tmatter+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。

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I doubt whether he will come.（动词宾语从句） I'm curious as to what he will do.（介词宾语从句） I'm convinced that she is an honest girl.（形容词宾语从句） 2.同位语从句 ①同位语从句就是跟在名词后面，表达具体内容、起解释说明作用的从句。that是其最常见的引导词，不能省略。 ②注意下列名词后面可接同位语从句：hope(希望），fact（事实），news（消息）， problem（问题），conclusion（结论)，rumor（流言），agreement（同意，协议），belief（信仰），concept（观念，概念），idea（想法），question（问题），suggestion （提议），thought（想法），conviction（确信，定罪），doubt（怀疑），decision （决定，决心），assumption（假定，设想），evidence（迹象，证据），等。例如：The news that I havepassed the exam is true. ③在少数情况下，可用连接代词或连接副词引导同位语从句。例如：I have no idea why she cries. 注：同位语可以分为同位语结构和同位语从句。上文提到的是后者；而同位语结构跟在名词后，对其解释说明，与同位语从句不同的是，它只是词或词组。例如：The only way that they canpreserve their history is to recount it as sagas--legends handed down from one generation ofstory-tellers to another.(legends作sagas的同位语，后接过去分词短语作定语。） 3.主语从句许多情况下，为了平衡句子结构，常用it代替主语从句，将主语从句后置，it只是形式主语。例如：It is not known yet whether they will come today.(It作为形式主语置于句首，而真正的主语-----由whether引导的主语从句------由置于句末。）