2014年《财务管理》 真题答案
2014年中级会计职称考试《财务管理》真题答案
一、单项选择题（本类题共25小题，每小题1分，共25分。每小题备选答案中，只有一个符合题意的正确答案。请将选定的答案，按答题卡要求，用2B铅笔填土答题卡中的相应信息点。多项选择题、错选、不选均不得分）
1.【答案】A
【解析】作为贷款担保的质押品，可以是汇票、支票、债券、存款单、提单等信用凭证，可以是依法可以转让的股份、股票等有价证券，也可以是依法可以转让的商标专用权、专利权、著作权中的财产权等。
2.【答案】A
【解析】债务筹资的缺点有，不能形成企业稳定的资本基础、财务风险较大、筹资数额有限。
3.【答案】B
【解析】优先股的优先权利主要表现在股利分配优先权和分配剩余财产优先权上，因此，优先分配收益权属于优先股的权利。
4.【答案】B
【解析】留存收益筹资不会发生筹资费用，但是留存收益的资本成本率，表现为股东追加投资要求的报酬率，所以是有资本成本的，选项B错误。
5.【答案】C
【解析】敏感性负债是指随销售收入变动而变动的经营性短期债务，长期借款属于筹资性的长期债务，不包括在内，所以本题选择C选项。
6.【答案】B
【解析】该债券的资本成本率=8%×（1-25%）/（1-1.5%）=6.09%，选项B正确。
7.【答案】D
【解析】从理论上讲，最佳资本结构是存在的，但由于企业内部条件和外部环境的经常性变动，动态地保持最佳资本结构十分困难。选项D正确。
8.【答案】D
【解析】现值指数=未来现金净流量现值/原始投资额现值=（100+25）/100=1.25。选项D正确。
9.【答案】B
【解析】内含报酬率，是指对投资方案未来的每年现金净流量进行贴现，使所得的现值恰好与原始投资额现值相等，从而使净现值等于零时的贴现率。并不使用资本成本做贴现率，所以选项B是正确的。
10.【答案】D
【解析】购买力风险是指由于通货膨胀而使货币购买力下降的可能性。证券资产是一种货币性资产，通货膨胀会使证券投资的本金和收益贬值，名义报酬率不变而实际报酬率降低。购买力风险对具有收款权利性质的资产影响很大，债券投资的购买力风险远大于股票投资。
如果通货膨胀长期延续，投资人会把资本投向实体性资产以求保值，对证券资产的需求量减少，引起证券资产价格下跌。
11.【答案】A
【解析】在紧缩的流动资产投资策略下，企业维持较低水平的流动资产与销售收入比率。紧缩的流动资产投资策略可以节约流动资产的持有成本。所以选项A是正确的。
12.【答案】C
【解析】现金周转期=存货周转期+应收账款周转期-应付账款周转期=160+90-100=150（天），选项C正确。
13.【答案】A
【解析】成本规划是进行成本管理的第一步，即成本管理工作的起点是成本规划，选项A正确。
14.【答案】B
【解析】采用双重价格，买卖双方可以选择不同的市场价格或协商价格，能够较好地满足企业内部交易双方在不同方面的管理需要。
15.【答案】D
【解析】因果预测分析法是指通过影响产品销售量的相关因素以及它们之间的函数关系，并利用这种函数关系进行产品销售预测的方法。因果预测分析法最常用的是回归分析法。
16.【答案】A
【解析】净利润的分配顺序为弥补以前年度亏损、提取法定公积金、提取任意公积金、向股东（投资者）分配股利（利润），选项A正确。
17.【答案】C
【解析】以市场需求为基础的定价方法包括需求价格弹性系数定价法和边际分析定价法，选项C正确。
18.【答案】A
【解析】剩余股利政策的理论依据是股利无关理论，选项A正确。
19.【答案】C
【解析】相关比率是以某个项目和与其相关但又不同的项目加以对比所得的比率，流动比率=流动资产/流动负债，流动资产与流动负债具有相关性，所以选项C正确。
20.【答案】B
【解析】构成流动资产的各项目，流动性差别很大。其中货币资金、交易性金融资产和各项应收账款，可以在较短时间内变现，称为速动资产。
21.【答案】A
【解析】U型组织以职能化管理为核心，最典型的特征是在管理分工下实行集权控制。
22.【答案】B
【解析】必要收益率=3.5%+1.24×（8%-3.5%）=9.08%。
23.【答案】C
【解析】延期变动成本在一定的业务量范围内有一个固定不变的基数，当业务量增长超出了这个范围，它就与业务量增长成正比，因此C选项正确。
24.【答案】D
【解析】零基预算的优点表现为：①不受现有费用项目的限制；②不受现行预算的束缚；
③能够调动各方面节约费用的积极性；④有利于促使各基层单位精打细算，合理使用资金。所以本题的答案为选项D。
25.【答案】D
【解析】预算期油料费用预算总额=10000+3000×10=40000（元）。
二、多项选择题（本类题共10小题，第小题2分，共20分，每小题备选答案中，有两个或两个以上符合题意的正确答案，请将选定的答案，按答题卡要求，用2B铅笔填涂答题卡中相应信息点。多选、少选、错选，不选均不得分）
1.【答案】BCD
【解析】企业可将特定的债权转为股权的情形有：
上市公司依法发行的可转换债券；
金融资产管理公司持有的国有及国有控股企业债权；
企业实行公司制改建时，经银行以外的其他债权人协商同意，可以按照有关协议和企业章程的规定，将其债权转为股权；
根据《利用外资改组国有企业暂行规定》，国有企业的境内债权人将持有的债权转给外国投资者，企业通过债转股改组为外商投资企业；
（5）按照《企业公司制改建有关国有资本管理与财务处理的暂行规定》，国有企业改制时，账面原有应付工资余额中欠发职工工资部分，在符合国家政策、职工自愿的条件下，依法扣除个人所得税后可转为个人投资；未退还职工的集资款也可转为个人投资。
2.【答案】AB
【解析】经营杠杆系数=基期边际贡献/基期息税前利润，边际贡献=销售量×（销售单价-单位变动成本），息税前利润=边际贡献-固定性经营成本。所以选项A、B是正确的。
3.【答案】ABC
【解析】以回收期的长短来衡量方案的优劣，投资的时间越短，所冒的风险就越小。所以选项D不正确。
4.【答案】BCD
【解析】商业信用筹资的优点：商业信用容易获得、企业有较大的机动权、企业一般不用提供担保。
5.【答案】ABD
【解析】企业管理部门通过将当期的模式与过去的模式进行对比来评价应收账款余额模式的任何变化。企业还可以运用应收账款账户余额的模式来计划应收账款金额水平，衡量应收账款的收账效率以及预测未来的现金流。
6.【答案】CD
【解析】固定或稳定增长股利政策的缺点之一是股利的支付与企业的盈利相脱节。低正常股利加额外股利政策，是指公司事先设定一个较低的正常股利额，每年除了按正常股利额向股东发放股利外，还在公司盈余较多、资金较为充裕的年份向股东发放额外股利。
7.
【答案】CD
【解析】存货周转次数是衡量和评价企业购入存货、投入生产、销售收回等各环节管理效率的综合性指标。一般来讲，存货周转速度越快，存货占用水平越低，流动性越强，存货转化为现金或应收账款的速度就越快，这样会增加企业的短期偿债能力及盈利能力。
8.【答案】BC
【解析】资本市场又称长期金融市场，是指以期限在1年以上的金融工具为媒介，进行长期资金交易活动的市场，包括股票市场、债券市场和融资租赁市场等。
9.【答案】AB
【解析】可分散风险是特定企业或特定行业所持有的，与政治、经济和其他影响所有资产的市场因素无关。
10.【答案】BC
【解析】βi=COV（Ri，Rm）/，分子协方差可能小于0，从而出现β值小于0的情况，所以选项A不正确。β系数反映系统风险的大小，选项D不正确。
三、判断题（本题型共10小题，每小题1分，共10分，请判断每小题的表述是否正确，并按答题卡要求，用2B铅笔填涂答题卡中相应信息点。认为表述正确的，填涂答题卡中信息点（√）；认为表述错误的，填涂答题卡中信息点（×）。每小题答题正确的得1分，答题错误的扣0.5分，不答题的不得分也不扣分，本类题最低得分为零分）
1. 【答案】√
【解析】可转换债券的持有人具有在未来按一定的价格购买普通股股票的权利，因为可转换债券具有买入期权的性质。
2. 【答案】×
【解析】净现值法不适宜于独立投资方案的比较决策，有时也不能对寿命期不同的投资互斥方案进行直接决策。
3.
【答案】×
【解析】企业财务银行是一种经营部分银行业务的非银行金融机构。内部银行是内部资金管理机构，不需要经过中国人民银行审核批准。
4. 【答案】×
【解析】正常标准成本考虑了生产过程中不能避免的损失、故障和偏差，属于企业经过努力可以达到的成本标准。
5. 【答案】×
【解析】除息日是指领取股利的权利与股票分离的日期，在除息日之前购买股票的股东才能领取本次股利。
6. 【答案】√
【解析】市盈率的高低反映了市场上投资者对股票投资收益和投资风险的预期，市盈率越高，意味着投资者对股票的收益预期越看好，投资价值越大。
7. 【答案】×
【解析】企业的社会责任是指企业在谋求所有者或股东权益最大化之外所负有的维护和增进社会利益的义务。具体来说，企业社会责任主要包括以下内容：对员工的责任、对债权人的责任、对消费者的责任、对社会公益的责任、对环境和资源的责任。
8. 【答案】√
【解析】当两项资产的收益率完全正相关，非系统风险不能被分散，而系统风险是始终不能被分散的，所以该证券组合不能够分散风险。
9. 【答案】√
【解析】编制弹性预算，要选用一个最能代表生产经营活动水平的业务量计量单位。所以自动化生产车间以机器工时作为业务量的计量单位是较为合理的。
10.【答案】×
【解析】调整性筹资动机是指企业因调整资本结构而产生的筹资动机。参考教材86页。
四、计算分析题（本类题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分，凡要求计算的项目，除题中有特殊要求外，均须列出计算过程；计算结果有计量单位的，应予标明，标明的计量单位应与题中所给计量单位相同；计量结果出现小数的，均保留小数点后两位小数，百分比指标保留百分号前两位小数。凡要求解释、分析、说明；理由的内容，必须有相应的文字阐述。）1.【答案】
（1）A材料的经济订货批量==5000（件）
全年订货次数=全年需求量/经济订货批量=250000/5000=50（次）
（2）A材料的年存货相关总成本==50000（元）
（3）每日平均需用量=250000/250=1000（件），再订货点=1000×4=4000（件）。
2.【答案】
（1）变动制造费用标准分配率=84240/23400=3.6（元/小时）
（2）变动制造费用实际分配率=57000/15000=3.8（元/小时）
（3）变动制造费用成本差异=57000-7500×2.2×3.6=-2400（元）（节约）
（4）变动制造费用效率差异=（15000-7500×2.2）×3.6=-5400（元）（节约）
变动制造费用耗费差异=15000×（3.8-3.6）=3000（元）（超支）。
3.【答案】
（1）2014年H产品的预测销售量=（1050+1020+1080）/3=1050（吨）
（2）2014年修正后的H产品预测销售量=1050+（1050-1040）=1060（吨）
（3）单位产品价格=（307700+800000）/[1060×（1-5%）]=1100（元）。
4.【答案】
（1）2013年的存货平均余额=500000/8=62500（元）
（2）2013年末的流动负债=450000/2.5=180000（元）
（3）2013年净利润=400000×20%=80000（元）
（4）2013年经营净收益=80000+20000=100000（元）
（5）2013年的净收益营运指数=100000/80000=1.25
五、综合题（本类题共2小题，第1小题10分，第2小题15分，共25分，凡要求计算的项目，均须列出计算过程，计算结果有计量单位的，应予标明，标明的计算单位应与题中所给计量单位相同，计算结果出现小数的，均保留小数点后两位小数，百分比指标保留百分号前两位小数，凡要求解释、分析、文章明理由的内容，必须有相应的文字阐述）
1.【答案】
（1）甲产品2013年边际贡献总额=17×（500-200）=5100（万元）
2013年边际贡献率=（500-200）/500×100%=60%
（2）甲产品2013年保本销售量=4800/（500-200）=16（万台）
2013年保本销售额=4800/60%=8000（万元）
（3）甲产品2013年安全边际量=17-16=1（万台）
2013年安全边际率=1/17×100%=5.88%
安全边际率小于10%，经营安全程度为危险。
（4）销售量=（600+4800）/（500-200）=18（万台）
（5）A=4×10%=0.4（万台）
B=4+0.5-0.4=4.1（万台）
C=0.5（万台）
2.【答案】
（1）
①投资期现金净流量NCF0=-（7200+1200）=-8400（万元）
②年折旧额=7200×（1-10%）/6=1080（万元）
③生产线投入使用后第1-5年每年的营业现金净流量NCF l-5=（11880-8800）×（1-25%）
+1080×25%=2580（万元）
④生产线投入使用后第6年的现金净流量NCF6=2580+1200+7200×10%=4500（万元）
⑤净现值=-8400+2580×（P/A,12%,5）+4500×（P/F,12%,6）
=-8400+2580×3.6048+4500×0.5066=3180.08（万元）
（2）A方案的年金净流量=3180.08/（P/A，12%，6）=3180.08/4.1114=773.48（万元）
B方案的年金净流量=3228.94/（P/A，12%，8）=3228.94/4.9676=650（万元）
由于A方案的年金净流量大于B方案的年金净流量，因此乙公司应选择A方案。
（3）
①（EBIT-16000×8%）×（1-25%）/（4000+7200/6）=（EBIT-16000×8%-7200×10%）×（1-25%）/4000
EBIT=（5200×2000-4000×1280）/（5200-4000）=4400（万元）
②每股收益无差别点的每股收益=（4400-16000×8%）×（1-25%）/（4000+7200/6）=0.45（元）
③该公司预期息税前利润4500万元大于每股收益无差别点的息税前利润，所以应该选择财务杠杆较大的方案二债券筹资。
（4）
①乙公司普通股的资本成本=0.3×（1+10%）/6+10%=15.5%
②筹资后乙公司的加权平均资本成本=15.5%×24000/（40000+7200）+8%×（1-25%）×16000/（40000+7200）+10%×（1-25%）×7200/（40000+7200）=11.06%。
2017年英语专四真题及答案-(1)
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