高一英语作业

高一英语作业

I. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Children have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need a referee (裁判) and rarely trouble to keep scores. They don’t care much about who wins or loses, and (1)________ doesn’t seem to worry them if the game is not finished. However, they like games that depend a lot on luck, (2)________ ________ their personal abilities cannot be directly compared. They also enjoy games that move in stages, in which each stage—the choosing of leaders, the picking-up of sides, or the determining of which side shall start—is almost a game in itself.

Grown-ups can hardly find children’s game exciting, and they often feel puzzled at (3)________ their kids play such simple game again and again. However, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons. He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone (4)________ ________ he is afraid. He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn. He can be confident, too, in particular games, that it is his place to give orders, to pretend (5)________ (be) dead, to throw a ball actually at someone, or to kiss someone he (6)________ (catch).

It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation (7)________ their control. Everyone knows the rules, and (8)________ (importantly), everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules (9)________ be childish, but they make sure that every child (10)________ (have) a chance to win.

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only

The most difficult part of a Western-Chinese marriage is the cultural differences. The traditional Chinese culture is established on the Confucian philosophy, while the western culture is based on ancient Greek 11 . Cultural differences 12 in almost every aspect and therefore reflect also on relationships and marriage.

From the traditional Chinese point of view, marriage is a relationship 13 many aspects such as family, friends and relatives, while from the Western point of view, marriage is a contract signed between two people that is based on trust and love. Furthermore, Westerners’ marriages 14 more the independence and 15 of the couple.

That is why Westerners sometimes cannot understand why we Chinese need to support our relatives if we are asked to do so. Chinese need to maintain their “face” and “relations”. Even in a relationship, we are somehow still 16 to our family and relatives. Our partner has to understand it and at least does not 17 it.

It is not easy to maintain Chinese-Western relationship. Cultural differences may result in 18 . Young Asian ladies are fond of western men because they believe they are more gentlemanly and in addition their appearances are more attractive. Western men may think Chinese ladies are gentler and more feminine.

My 19 for the cross-culture relationship is always trying to put yourself in other’s shoes: accepting rather than changing; always respecting your partner but clarifying your own red lines; showing your interest in his/her different culture and carefully commenting on it and so on.

There are more and more cross-culture marriages 20 recently. I would like to take this chance to sincerely wish them the very best in their love journeys.

II. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

A new research suggests that animals have a much higher level of brainpower than once thought. If animals do have intelligence, how do scientists measure it? Before defining animals’ intelligence, scientists defined what is not intelligence. Instinct is not intelligence. It is a skill 21 into an animal’s brain by its genetic heritage. Tricks can be learned by repetition, but no real thinking is 22 . Cuing, in which animals learn to do or not to do certain things by following outside signals, does not demonstrate intelligence. Scientists believe that insight, the ability to use tools, and communication using human language are all 23 measures of the mental ability of animals.

When judging animal intelligence, scientists look for insight, which they define as a flash of sudden understanding. When a young gorilla could not reach fruit from a tree, she noticed crates (木板箱) on the lawn near the tree. She 24 the crates into a pyramid, then climbed on them to reach her 25 . The gorilla’s insight allowed her to solve a new problem without trial and error.

The ability to use tools is also an important sign of intelligence. Crows (乌鸦) use sticks to pry (撬开) peanuts out of cracks. The crow 26 intelligence by showing it has learned what a stick can do. 27 , otter (水獭) use rocks to crack open crab shells in order to get at the meat.

Many animals have learned to communicate using human language. One chimp can recognize and correctly use more than 250 28 symbols on a keyboard. These symbols 29 human words. An amazing parrot can 30 five objects of two different types. He can understand the difference between the number, color, and kind of object. The ability to

31 is a basic thinking skill. In addition, he seems to use language to express his needs and

32 . When ill and taken to the animal hospital for his first overnight stay, this parrot turned to go. “Co me her e!” he c ried to a scientist who works with him. “I love you. I’m sorry. Wanna go back?”

The research on animal intelligence raises important questions. If animals are smarter than

33 thought, would that change the way humans interact with them? Would animals still be used for food, clothing, or 34 experimentation? Finding the answer to these tough questions makes a difficult 35 even for a large-brained, problem-solving species like our own.

21. A. developed B. admitted C. programmed D. injected

22. A. inherited B. involved C. instructed D. intended

23. A. realistic B. unusual C. accurate D. effective

24. A. piled B. assembled C. supported D. divided

25. A. potential B. reward C. standard D. top

26. A. explores B. expands C. explains D. exhibits

27. A. Likewise B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise

28. A. magical B. flexible C. abstract D. permanent

29. A. substitute for B. stand for C. appeal to D. carry out

30. A. foresee B. determine C. combine D. distinguish

31. A. classify B. justify C. qualify D. simplify

32. A. satisfaction B. emotions C. gratitude D. beliefs

33. A. objectively B. professionally C. previously D. scientifically

34 A. electrical B. physical C. medical D. logical

35. A. decision B. translation C. choice D. puzzle

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

Brigham Young University students can now receive the unconditional love of dogs without breaking rules prohibiting pets in university housing.

Jenna Miller started her company Puppies for Rent this summer in the Provo area as a way for students and others to rent puppies by the hour.

The pups have been rented for first dates and surprise parties and by mothers rewarding their children. After signing a contract, customers can rent them for $15 an hour, $25 for two hours and $10 for each additional hour.

Miller offers her seven puppies for playtime rentals, with each dog hand delivered straight to the customers’ door. Her lawyer brother helps her with legal contracts and fees. She now has four employees helping look after and deliver the animal.

Carl Arky, spokesman for the Humane Society of Utah said his group is against the business. Puppies need consistency and stability in their lives, he said, and renting them to various people might affect the animal s’ growth and development.

Miller said the animals are treated well and she has a 100 percent success rate so far

finding them a permanent home. Money paid by renters goes toward adoption fees if they decide to own a puppy.

36. Which of the following are not possible renters of the puppies?

A. Young lovers.

B. Party organizers.

C. Mothers.

D. Scientific group members.

37. Mille r’s brothe r’s main responsibility is to .

A. draft contracts

B. deliver animals

C. find adoption families

D. walk dogs

38. Why is Carl in disagreement with the service?

A. Because playing with pets is harmful to children’s health.

B. Because some people will be cruel to the rented animals.

C. Because unstable living environment is not good for animal’s growth.

D. Because it will prohibit the puppies from finding a permanent home.

(B)

October 17, 1989 is a day San Francisco will never forget. On that day, an uncommon number of tragedies took place. It was also a day when total strangers became linked. The story of Jim Betts and Julio Berumen is a moving example of one such meeting.

On that day, Petra Berumen took her daughter Cathy to the dentist. Also in the car was her son six-year-old Julio and their family friend Yolanda. Soon after Petra drove onto the highway, disaster struck. Without warning, the earth began to shake.

The damage was terrible. Hugh trees bent as if they were made of rubber. Streets cracked and buildings collapsed. At least a stretch of the highway had crashed onto the lower level.

Then as quickly as it started, the earthquake stopped. The Berumens’s car had been crushed be the steel. Petra and Yolanda were killed instantly. Cathy escaped unhurt but Julio, though still alive, was in danger. Not only was his right leg pinned down by the steel, he was also squeezed between the dead bodies of his mother and Yolanda.

Rescuers had calmed Julio by the time Jim Betts, a doctor from Oakland Hospital, arrived. For two hours, Jim tried to free Julio with two bare hands. He did not stop to worry about the fact that aftershocks could send the highway to the ground. As soon as Julio was breathing, Jim kept working. However, Julio was languishing. Jim realized that he had only one choice. He would have to cut the boy’s right leg at the knee. Conditions were far from ideal. It was hot inside the car. Darkness had fallen outside.

With great care, Jim started the operation. He had to try risky methods. Finally Julio was free.

Those hours on the highway were like a nightmare. Jim said: “If my family members were up there badly hurt, they would urgently need help like that.” Though the day the earthquake t ore many things apart, it also brought brave people together.

39. The San Francisco earthquake was an uncommon event for Julio and Jim because _________.

A. the earth shook violently and suddenly

B. they became linked unexpectedly

C. they neither could see the broken highway

D. they both lost their family members

40. In the fifth paragraph, Julio was languishing, which means that he was _________.

A. about to die

B. complaining about the pain

C. losing his voice

D. crying

41. According to the passage, Jim _________.

A. successfully performed the operation

B. had necessary equipment to rescue Julio

C. was able to save Julio’s right leg

D. had one family member operated on

42. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The Berumens were trying to leave the dangerous city when the earthquake struck.

B. Two people of the Berumen family finally survived from the earthquake.

C. Knowing aftershocks would come soon, Jim tried to rescue Julio from the car.

D. The conditions were agreeable enough for Jim to perform the operation.

(C)

Does solving a math problem give you a headache? Do you feel nervous when you sit a math exam? For most students, math can be tough but scientists have proved that math problems can actually trigger physical pain.

Scientists came to his conclusion with an in-depth experiment, which was published in the Public Library of Science One journal. They began by finding out how much participants fear math. Those involved were asked a series of questions such as how they feel when they receive a math textbook or when they walk into a math lesson.

Based on their answers, participants were divided into groups. One group was made up of people who were particularly afraid of math and participants in the other group were more comfortable with the subject.

Both groups were then given either math tasks or word tasks. When a math task was going to come next, a yellow circle would appear but when a word task was soon to come, a blue square would be shown.

Using a brain-scan machine, scientists noticed that whenever people from Group One saw a yellow circle, their brain would respond in a way similar to when their body is feeling pain. It was like the pain they would fee, for example, if they burnt their hand on a hot stove. But they reacted less strongly when they knew that they would be faced with a word task.

However, scientists saw no strong brain response from people in the second group.

Math can be difficult, and for those with high levels of mathematics-anxiety (HMA), math is associated with tension, apprehension and fear. “When you are really thinking about the math problems, your mind is racing and you are worrying about all the things that could go

wrong,” exp lained Ian Lyons from University of Chicago, US, leader of the study. “The higher a person’s anxiety of a math task, the more he activated brain regions associated with threat detection, and the experience of pai n.”

More interestingly, the brain activity disappeared when participants actually started dealing with the math tasks. “This means that it’s not that math itself hurts; rather the anticipation of math is painful,” Lyons said.

Based on the study, scientists suggested that things could be done to help students worry less and move past their fear of math, which might mean they perform better in tests.

43. In the first stage, scientists ask participants some questions to _.

A. see whether math hurts

B. find out how much they fear math

C. observe how their brain response

D. test their endurance of pain

44. The underlined word “the anicipation of math” is closest in meaning to .

A. the attempt of learning math C. the effort to understand math

B. the motivation to work out math problem D. the act of thinking about math

45. Which is the best title for the passage?

A. How to overcome math fear.

B. Physical pain affects math performance.

C. Math pain in your brain.

D. Unknown truth about pain.

46. What can be concluded from the experiment?

A. The anticipation of math has no relation to student s’ con fidence in math.

B. Moderate mathematic anxiety promotes students’ acad emic performance.

C. Effective solutions have been worked out to lower student s’ anx iety of math.

D. Physical pain caused by HMA disappears in the process of doing math problem.

Section C

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.

___47___. I always knew I could write, but that just meant I wrote a little better than my peers.

I hope that I might one day write well enough to derive income from my efforts. Oddly enough, this never occurred to me until I met a special teacher in life.

There was a kind teacher at Hyde Park High School in Chicago, who simply by concentrating her attention on me, made me believe that I might be able to master the knack of writing well enough to consider the craft as a profession. ___48___. Whatever instruction she shared with me was exactly the same as all her other students enjoyed, but the only difference was she encouraged me to begin the process of submitting things I was writing, in those days, chiefly poems.

To my surprise the Chicago Tribune not only thought enough of several of my verses to publish them, but also paid me --- inadvertently --- the highest compliment a fledgling author can receive. ___49___.The editor’s suspicions had been aroused because, he was kind enough to say, he found it hard to believe that a seventeen-year –old could create material on such a professional level. When Miss Byme shared the letter with me, I was overjoyed! It was wonderfully heartening.

Miss Byme made me realize that I should not hide my light. This made me collect my courage to enter a writing contest. The assignment was to write an essay titled “rediscovering America.” I was literally astonished when I received a letter saying that I was the winner of the contest. The prize was a thousand dollars. My mother, at the time, was not even aware that I was interested in writing, or if she had somehow found out about it, she took little notice. When I arrived home that evening with the letter, she was indifferent and did not ask how the evening had gone.

___50___. For example, at the same high school, there was a teacher whose Spanish language classes I attended but from whom I, unfortunately learned very little simply because of the woman’s cold sa rcastically critical attitude. She seemed to know nothing about nurturing students. Soon, I withdrew from her classroom literacy instruction.

Years later, I was able to repay my debt to Marguerite Byme by dedicating one of my books, Wry on the Rocks-A collection of Poems, to her. I have enjoyed a lifetime writing books and television scripts because of her urge.

III. Summary Writing

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

In the United States, employees typically work five days a week for eight hours each day. However, many employees want to work a four-day week and are willing to accept less pay in order to do so. If a law requires companies to offer their employees the option of working a four-day workweek for four-fifths (80 percent) of their normal pay, it will benefit the economy as a whole as well as the individual companies and the employees who decide to take the option.

The shortened workweek will increase company profits because employees will feel more rested and alert, and as a result, they will make fewer costly errors in their work. Hiring more staff to ensure that the same amount of work will be accomplished will not result in additional pay the company has to prepare for these people, because four-day employees will only be paid 80 percent of the normal rate. In the end, companies will have fewer overworked and error-prone (容易出错的) employees for the same money, which will increase company profits.

For the country as a whole, one of the primary benefits of offering this option to employees is that it will reduce unemployment rates. If many full-time employees start working fewer hours, some of their workload will have to be shifted to others. Thus, for every four employees who go on an 80 percent week, a new employee can be hired at the 80 percent rate.

Finally, the option of a four-day workweek will be better for individual employees. Employees who can afford a lower salary in exchange for more free time can improve the quality of their lives by spending the extra time with their families, pursuing private interests, or enjoying leisure activities.

IV. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1. 缺乏户外锻炼不利于儿童的健康和成长。(lack)

2. 前天, 许多物理学家出席了颁奖典礼。(present)

3. 据报道，父母之间的关系将大大影响孩子的学习成绩。(It)

4. 每天仅准许两百名游客进入博物馆参观，因为里面的物品非常珍贵。(admit)

V. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

联系生活，描述一件令你印象最深刻的事。