句子种类成分与简单句的基本句型(练习)
句子种类与简单句的基本句型
句子的分类
通常，我们从两个不同的角度对句子进行分类：一是按句子的用途；二是按句子的结构。1.句子的用途分类
所谓用途分类是指，根据句子的意思，句子的语言功能和作用是什么，然后将其归类。按这种方法，所有的英语句子可以分成四个种类：陈述句（Declarative Sentence），疑问句（Interrogative Sentence），祁使句（Imperative Sentence）和感叹句（Exclamatory Sentence）。 1）陈述句（Declarative Sentence）
1．肯定式
2．否定式
2) 疑问句（Interrogative Sentence）可分为以下四种：
A）一般疑问句（General Question）
(1)用Yes,No来回答的疑问句。
(2)往往把be,助动词，情态动词置于句首。例如：
--Are you a student ? --Yes, I am a student .
--Do you like dancing ? --Yes, I do .
B)特殊疑问句（Special Question）
（1）用疑问代词或疑问副词提问的句子, 用疑问词+一般疑问句构成
如：时间（When）、地点（Where）、原因（Why）、方式（How）、人物（Who）、名称（What），等等。回答的内容是具体的。例如：
--Who is in charge of English in your class ? --Zheng Zheng (is ).
--谁是你们班的英语科代表？--（是）郑征。 -
-Why is Luo Huimin absent from duty today .--She is preparing for going abroad .
罗慧敏今天为什么没有上班？她要出国,正在做准备。
（2）疑问词作主语或主语的定语时，与陈述句的顺序相同，
如： Whose father works in Shanghai? Who is on duty today?
C) 选择疑问句（Alternative Question）
由一般疑问句加连词or连接。回答时既不能用"Yes"也不能用"No"，而是需要回答人说出具体的选择。另外，连词or之前的部分读升调，其后的部分读降调。例如：
--Is your sister or brother going abroad ? --My brother is .
（选择主语）--是你的妹妹还是弟弟要出国？--我弟弟。
--Are you going to school or back home . --（I‘m）Going home .
（选择谓语） --你是去学校还是回家。--我回家。
D) 反意疑问句（Disjunctive Question）当说话人对某种情况不甚有把握，或需进一步证实时，便可使用反意疑问句。构成：陈述句+简略问句
肯定否定
否定肯定
例如：She is a college student , isn‘t she ?她是学生，对不对？
He cannot speak French , can he ?他不会说法语是不是？
3) 祁使句（Imperative Sentence）
祈使句往往是用来表示说话人的请求、命令、要求、建议，等等。祈使句的主语常被省略，因为这个主语很明确地是听话人"you"。有时为了强调或表示某种感情，句子也会带上主语。祈使句的谓语用动词原形；它的否定形式是句首用Don’t或never + 动词原形。例如：
Be quiet , please ! （大家）请安静。
Stand up ! 起立！
Don‘t smoke in the office .请不要在办公室吸烟。
Don‘t be standing in the rain .别站在雨里。
4) 感叹句（Exclamatory Sentence）
感叹句表示说话人的喜悦、气愤、惊讶等强烈的情绪。多是由What或How引起的。
What 用来强调名词，How则强调形容词、副词或动词。例如：
What a fine day it is today ! 今天天气多好啊！
How fine it is today ! 今天天气多好啊！
What a lovely son you have !你有个多可爱的儿子啊！
How lovely your son is ! 你的儿子多可爱啊！
2. 句子的结构分类
如果按照句子的结构分类，英文句子可分为三个类别：简单句（Simple Sentence），并列句（Compound Sentence）和复合句（Complex Sentence）。这里所说的结构，主要是指句子中主语和谓语之间所构成的关系。
1)简单句（Simple Sentence）
简单句只有一个主谓关系。句子可能有两个或更多的主语，也可能有两个或更多的谓语，但是句子中的主谓关系只有一个。例如：
China and Chinese people are incredibly progressing in many aspects .（两个主语，一个谓语）中国和中国人民在以非常的速度日益进步。
Computers mean a lot to human beings and are paidmore and more attention by people . （两个谓语，一个主语）计算机对人类社会意味着很多东西，并越来越受到人们的重视。
2) 并列句（Compound Sentence）
并列句有两个或两个以上的主谓结构。这些主谓结构之间的关系是并列的、对等的。按其表示的不同意思有下面几种：
A. 表示转折意思 : but , yet , however , nevertheless
例：Everything in the world is outside you but health belongs to yourself .
一切都是身外之物，只用健康属于自己。
He has learned English for only one year, yet he can communicate with people in English . 他才
学一年英文，但已能用英文与人交往了。
John has his shortcomings; however, that doesn‘t mean he is not qualified for the job .约翰有缺点，但这不等于说他不胜任这份工作。
B.表示因果关系: or , so , therefore , hence
例：You‘d better take an umbrella with you, for it‘s going to rain.要下雨了，你最好带把伞。
I‘ve got a meeting to attend, so I have to go now.我要去开个会，我得走了。
You are in the right , therefore we should support you . 你是对的，所以我们该支持你。
The town was built o n the side of a hill, hence it‘s named Hillside . 这个小镇建在山旁，所以叫"山旁"。
C.表示并列关系
and , or , either…or , neither / nor , not only…but (also), both…and , as well as
例：She came to my house yesterday evening, and Iwent to hers . 昨晚她来我家了，我却去她家了。
Do it this way or you‘ll be in trouble .你就这么办，不然你会有麻烦的。
Either you tell him the truth , or I do it . 不是你告诉他事实，就是我来告诉。
He doesn‘t know your address, neither / nor do I. 他不知道你的地址，我也不知道。
3) 复合句（Complex Sentence）
复合句也是两个或两个以上的主谓结构的句子。但它们之间的关系不是并列的、对等的，其中只有一个主谓结构是主要的，其他的主谓结构都从属的。那个主要的主谓结构称作句子的主句（Main Clause）；其他的主谓结构称作句子的从句或子句（Subordinate Clause）。从句只有和主句在一起才能有意义；从句若从主句那里独立出来就无法表达意义了复合句里的从句种类较多，引起不同的从句要用不同的从属连词。
Because they talk at home while the television is on , many people think they can talk at moviesas well . （状语从句）
许多人在家里是边看电视边谈话，所以他们认为在电影院也可以如此。
Whether he comes or not doesn’t make any differenceto me .
（主语从句）他来与不来对我都一样。
China is not what it used to be . （表语从句）中国不是它过去的样子了。
如果将上面所有的从句都独立出来，那将是这样的：
Because they talk at home while the television is on
Whether he comes or not
what money is and how money is measured
what it used to be
思考与并列句的区别所在：
（1）、并列句中的并列连词纯粹似"粘合济"，去掉后，被粘合的部分就分开独立了；（2）从句其实是用来担当句子成分（除谓语外）的，它的标志就是它句首的关系词---从属连词。那么，我们在阅读时，凡是看到某个句子以关系词开头，就可大胆地断定这个句子不是主句，而只是句中的某个成分。这样做对提高我们的阅读能力是大有好处的。
一、简单句的5种基本句型。
(1)S+V(2)S+V+O(3)S+V+P (4)S+V+InO+DO(5)S+V+O+C
此外，还有 there be句型，这一句型具有就近原则，也即谓语动词用单数还是复数要看接近于be动词的那个名词。
1）、S+V此句型的特点是：谓语动词是不及物动词，本身能表达完整的意思，后面不需跟宾语，但有时可跟副词、介词短语等作状语。如：
He laughed.
John has read widely.
He lives in London.
2）、S+V+O此句型的特点是：谓语动词是及物动词，不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语。如：Our team beat all the others.
3）、S+V+P此句型的特点是：谓语动词是连系动词，不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语特征、身份、状态的表语。常见的系动词有：be（是），become（成为），get （变得），turn（变得），grow（变得），look（看起来），feel（感到），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），sound（听起来），seem（似乎），keep（保持），stay（保持）等。如：The rose smells sweet.
4）、S+V+INO+DO此句型的特点是：谓语动词跟有两个宾语，这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者，其中指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时，通常需要加介词for或to。可跟双宾语的动词有：answer，bring，buy，find，get，give，lend，make，pass，pay，send，show，sing，take，teach，tell，write等。如：
Mr. Li told us an interesting story.
Would you please give this dictionary to Li Hua？
5）、S+V+O+OC此句型的特点是：谓语动词虽然跟有一个宾语，但意思还不完整，必须加上另外一个成分（宾语补足语）对宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有：名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。：
常带复合宾语结构的及物动词有：elect(选举) , feel(感觉到) , find(发现) , get(使得) , have(使，让) , hear(听到) , imagine(想象) , keep(保持) , make(使) , notice(注意到) , see(看见) , let(使) , smell(闻到) , start(使……开始) , watch(注视，看) , appoint(任命) , believe(相信) , call(称) , catch(发现) , allow(容许) , ask(请求，要求) , cause(使得) , consider(认为) , expect(预期) , know(知道) , tell(告诉) , think(想，认为) , want(想要) , wish(希望) ,listen to(听) , look at(看，瞧)等等。例如：
We elected him our monitor .我们选他当班长。
We must keep our school clean.
They made him their monitor.
【注】S=Subject（主语）；V=V erb（谓语动词）；P=Predicative（表语）；O=Object（宾语）；
INO=Indirect Object（间接宾语）；DO=Direct Object（直接宾语）；
OC=Object Complement（宾语补足语）
二、句子的成分
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。句子的各种成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。
主语句子的主体，发出动作的人或物，表示所说的是谁或是什么。主语一般放在句首，特殊句型中，在句末，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。如：
He was born in a small village.他出生在一个小村庄。
谓语说明主语的动作特征状态等，由动词或动词短语构成。如：
She told me about that story.
主谓一致：主语和谓语必须在人称、数两方面保持一致。主谓一致的关键是判断主语是单数还是复数。
1. 一般情况主语的数比较明确如：
His mother works in a office.她妈妈在办公室工作。
2. and 连接的两个或两个以上名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
Linda and Susan are from America.琳达和苏珊来自美国。
3. each, either, neither, another做主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
Neither of us has been to France.我们两个都没去过法国。
4. 由some, any, no, every构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语用单数。如：
No one knows his phone number.没有人知道他的电话号码。
5. 由either…or…;neither…nor…;not only…but also…构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语与距
离最近的主语保持一致。如：
Not only my friends but also my sister agrees with me.我的朋友和我的妹妹都赞同我。
6. 集合名词people, police等作主语时，位于用复数。如：
The people were surprised to see him dancing in the street.人们很惊讶的看他在街上跳舞。
7. 集合名词family, class等作主语时，如看作整体，谓语用单数。如强调个体，则谓语
用复数。如：
My family has lived here for twenty years. 我们家在这里住了20年了。
His family were watching TV while the phone rang.电话响起时，他们全家在看电视。
8. some, any, none, half 作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式视情况而定。如：
Half of the students are boys. 一半学生是男生。
Half is enough.一半就够了。
9. 时间、距离、重量、数量、价值等名词附属作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如：
Ten years is not a long time.十年不算太久。
表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态等，位于连系动词后。可作表语的有名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、动词不定式、介词短语、分词短语及从句等。如：
Is this pen yours? 这笔是你的吗？
宾语是动作的承受者。及物动词及相当于及物动词的短语后都必须带宾语。名词、代词、动名词、不定式和从句均可作宾语。如：
The little boy waited his mother to buy him hamburgers.这个小男孩想让他妈妈给他买汉堡。
有些动词需要两个同等的宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语一般指动作的承受者，间接宾语指动作所向的或所为的人或物（多指人）。后接双宾语的动词有：answer, bring, buy, deny, do, fetch, find, get, give, hand, keep, leave, lend, make, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, promise, read, refuse, save, sell, send, show, sing, take, teach, tell, throw, wish, write等。间接宾语一般于直接宾语连用，通常放在直接宾语之前。如：
She made her son a birthday cake.她给她儿子做了一个生日蛋糕。
They sent me a letter.他们给我寄了一封信。
定语修饰名词或代词的句子成分。可以做定语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词不定式、介词短语、动名词、分词短语及从句等。形容词作定语放在名词之前，副词或副词短语时常放在名词后。如：
What a lovely day! 多好的日子啊！
I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多工作要做。
状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词的句子成分称为状语。状语用来说明时间、地点、条件、原因、方式、程度、目的、结果等。可用作状语的有副词、不定式短语、分词短语、介词短语及从句等。如：
He’s waiting for me in front of the library.他在图书馆前面等我。
They came to see me yesterday.他们昨天来看我了。
一、句子种类练习：
Ⅰ. 句型转换 (按要求完成句子)
1.Those children are students.(否定句, 一般疑问句)
2.We can see a lot of girls in the picture. (否定句, 一般疑问句)
3.They will go to England for a visit. (否定句, 一般疑问句)
4.The young men aren’t having a party. (肯定句, 一般疑问句)
5.She has been to Shanghai already. (否定句, 一般疑问句)
6.Don’t be noisy, please. (用quiet改为肯定句,)
7.Stand in front of the class. (否定句, 反意疑问句)
8.Both Mary and Tony are good students. (否定句, 一般疑问句)
9.All the students in our class are going to visit the Science Museum. (否定句, 一般疑问句)
10.There is an English test on Friday. (反意疑问句)
11.There will be a report on Chinese history tomorrow. (否定句, 一般疑问句)
12.Tom has his lunch in the school. (否定句, 一般疑问句, 反意疑问句)
13.John does his homework at home. (否定句, 一般疑问句, 反意疑问句)
14.He saw the TV news yesterday evening. (否定句, 一般疑问句, 反意疑问句)
15.I think you are right. (否定句, 一般疑问句)
16.This kind of car is made in Japan. (否定句, 一般疑问句)
17. Arthur runs fastest in his class.(就划线部分提问)
________ runs fastest in his class?
18. Bob”s painting was put up on the wall of our school.(同上)
________ painting was put up on the wall of our school?
19. Chapter One is very difficult to learn. (同上)
________ chapter is very difficult to learn?
20. Mary does her homework after supper in the evening. (同上)
________ ______ Mary ______ after supper in the evening?
21. He has borrowed four books from the school library. (同上)
_______ _______ he borrowed from the school library?
22. It took him 30 minutes to get there. (同上)
______ ______ ______ it take him to get there?
23. My father is a teacher in the school. (同上)
_______ ________ your father ______ in the school?
24. It will be Wednesday the day after tomorrow. (同上)
________ ______ will it be the day after tomorrow?
25. There are Three thousand people in the factory. (同上)
_______ _______ people _______ _______ in the factory?
26. Linda’s mother works in a big hotel. (同上)
_______ _______ Linda’s mother work?
27. They usually go to school by bus. (同上)
_______ _______ they usually go to school?
28. They couldn’t pass the exam because they didn’t work hard. (同上)
_______ _______ they pass the exam?
29. He said something important at the meeting.（改为否定句,一般疑问句）
He _____ ______ ______ important at the meeting.
______ he ______ ______ important at the meeting?
30. I have to wash all the plates and things after meals.（划线提问）
_____ _____ you have to wash all the plates and things?
31. The woman in the red coat is her mother.（划线提问）
______ ______ is her mother?
32. Li Ping spent twenty yuan on the dictionary.（划线提问）
_____ ____ ____ Li Ping _____ on the dictionary?
33. Both of his parents are workers.（改成否定句）
___ of his parents ______ a worker.
34. He went to the park with his sister.（划线提问）
_____ ____ ____ he go to the park?
35. We really enjoyed working on the farm.（划线提问）
What _____ you really enjoy ______?
36. She writes to her parents once a week.（划线提问）
_______ ______ ______ she write to her parents?
37. Our P.E teacher has been at this school since he came.（划线提问）
______ ______ ______ our P.E teacher been at this school
38. It’s ten minutes’ walk from my home to the school.（对划线部分提问）______ _______is it from your home to the school?
39. She is going to be a nurse in the future.( 对划线部分提问)
__________is she going to ______in the future?
40. Allan will go back to England by plane next month. .( 对划线部分提问) ______ _______ Allan go back to England next month.
41. John went to see his grandmother once a week. .( 对划线部分提问)
__________ ________ _________ John go to see his grandmother?
42. I have been to Beijing twice. .( 对划线部分提问)
___________ _____________ ___________ have you been to Beijing.
43. The old man can hardly dress himself.(改为反意疑问句)
The old man can hardly dress himself,__________ _________?
44.Jim is ill. Let’s go and see him after school. (改为反意疑问句)
Jim is ill. Let’s go an d see him after school，___________ ____________? 45. I don’t think his father knows English. (改为反意疑问句)
His father hardly knows English,_______ ___________?
46. He thinks his aunt is right. (改为反意疑问句)
He thinks his aunt is right,___________ ___________?
47. Linda’s just come back from America . (改为反意疑问句)
Linda’s just come back from America, ______________________?
48. It is cold today. (改写成感叹句)
How __________ it is today!
49. She sings very well. (改写成感叹句)
__________ well she sings!
50. He speaks English fluently! (改写成感叹句)
__________ __________ he speaks English!
Ⅱ.单项选择
( )1、Few of them hurt themselves in the accident last night,________
A. don’t they
B. didn’t they
C. did they
D. do they
( )2、 -You’ve never seen dinosaur eggs, have you ?
--_____. How I wish to visit the Dinosaur World.
A. Yes, I have
B. No, I haven’t
C. Certainly, I have
D. Of course, I haven’t ( )3、His sister had a bad cough, ______she?
A. wasn’t
B. doesn’t
C. hadn’t
D. didn’t
( )4、Mr. Green went to Shenzhen on business last week,________?
A. isn’t he
B. doesn’t he
C. didn’t he
D. hasn’t he
( )5、 John can hardly understand any Chinese, _________he?
A. Can’t
B. doesn’t
C. can
D. does
( )6、Don’t smoke in the meeting-room,_________?
A. do you
B. will you
C. can you
D. could you
( )7、Lucy, you clean the blackboard today,_______
A. do you
B. did you
C. will you
D. can you
( )8、 Miss Cheng will never forget her first visit to Canada ,________?
A. will she
B. won’t she
C. isn’t she d. wasn’t she
( )9、The lady couldn’t say a word when she saw the snake,________?
A. could the lady
B. couldn’t the lady
C. could she
D. couldn’t she
( )10、----________sweater is this?
----I think i t’s Peter’s.
A. Who
B. What
C. Which
D. Whose
( )11、---______I go and meet you at the airport?
---No ,thanks, dear . I can take a taxi home.
A. Will
B. Do
C. Shall
D. Should
( )12、------_____is the Confucian Temple(孔庙) from here?
------It’s about 10 minutes’ walk.
A. How many
B. How long
C. How much
D. How far
( )13、-----______may I keep these book?
-----two weeks.
A. How often
B. How far
C. How long
D. How soon
( )14、Tina is unhappy now,________?
A. isn’t she
B. is she
C. is he
D. did she
( )15、---_____you _____TV at the moment?
----No ,you can turn it off.
A. Did, watch
B. Are ,watching
C. Do ,watch
D. Have , watched ( )16、----_____do you go to Hong Kong?
----sorry , I’ve never been there.
A. How long
B. How often
C. How far
D. How soon
( )17、A: ______you ever _____ the Great Wall?
B: Only once.
A. Did ,go
B. Have , been to
C. Have ,gone to
D. Have ,been in ( )18、----You lent me some money a few months ago.
-----_____? I don’t remember lending you any money .
A. Did I
B. Did you
C. Do I
D. Do you
( )19、----______is it from here to Yancheng Railway Station?
----About two kilometers.
A. How often
B. How far
C. How soon
D. How long
( )20、----Are you going to borrow a dictionary or a magazine?
----______.
A. Yes, a dictionary
B. No, a magazine
C. A dictionary
D. Yes both ( )21、My uncle has never been to a foreign country,_______?
A. has he
B. does he
C. hasn’t he
D. doesn’t he
( )22、There is some water in that bottle, isn’t _______
A. there
B. it
C. that
D. those
( )23、----_______will the foreign students be back from Nanjing.
----In two days, I think .
A. How soon
B. How often
C. How far
D. How fast
( )24、----Have you seen the film Return Of the King ?
-----_______. I going to see it tonight.
A. No , I didn’t
B. Yes ,I do
C. Yes ,I have
D. Not yet
( )25、----John, will you please paint the door yellow?
----__________?
A. Why
B. What is it
C. How is it
D. How about
( )26、---Let’s go and play football,__________?
---That’s wonderful.
A. will you
B. do you
C. won’t you
D. shall we
( )27、---The boy has to stay at home to look after his little sister,_______?
---Yes, because his mother has gone shopping.
A. does he
B. is he
C. doesn’t he
D. hasn’t he
( )28、---You won’t follow his example, will you ?
---________________,I don’t think he is right.
A. No, I won’t
B. Yes, I will
C. No, I will
D. Yes, I won’t
( )29、----____________?
---The one behind the tree.
A. Whose girl
B. Who’s that girl
C. Which girl
D. Where’s the girl ( )30、______the population of china?
A. How many
B. How much
C. How’s
D. What’s
Ⅲ. 汉译英
（A）感叹句
1. 多棒的书啊！
2. 多么有趣的故事呀！
3. 多么漂亮的花呀！
4. 多么大的雪呀！
5. 多么诚实的孩子呀！
6. 时间过得真快呀！
7. 好凉快呀！
8. 精彩极了！
9. 多么高的楼房呀！
10. 多么糟糕的天气呀！
11. 多么明亮的阳光呀！
（B）主语+谓语（S+V）
1. 他们将接受建议。
2. 外国游客将于本周六抵达。
3. 在中国，人们经常吃饺子来庆祝春节。
4. 他和他的妻子两年前居住在英国。
5. 他们将飞往巴黎去参观博物馆。
6. 校长通常比老师们早到学校。
7. 渔民在四月份捕了很多鱼。
8. 他正喘着粗气。
9. 消防员正在体育馆里进行乒乓球比赛。
10. 长颈鹿和它的孩子正在森林里散步。
(C) 主语+系动词+表语（S+P+V）
1. 那个年长的男人是我们工厂的工程师。
2. 教练们正在练习如何使用计算机。
3. 总统正在听音乐会。
4. 三明治和蔬菜在冰箱里。
5. 大学生们正在准备竞赛。
6. 他是一个著名的飞行员。
7. 我觉得这个主意太好了。
8. 昨天我借的那本书非常有意思。
9. 对我来说解决这个问题是很重要的。
10. 那个婴儿看上去好像睡着了。
11. 天气变得越来越暖，花闻起来很香。
12. 他总是保持沉默。
13. 树叶在秋天变黄。
14. 我的体温看来是正常的。
(D) 主语+及物动词+宾语
1. 爸爸喜欢晚饭后看报纸。
2.他刚刚写完他的书法。
3.我们班长不想放弃数学。
4.我想知道你同意谁。
5.这位医生在给谁做手术? （S+vi+prep+O）
6.这些外国游客昨天晚间到达沈阳.
7.他害怕攀登。
8.或许我需要一些睡眠。
9.小婴儿不再哭泣啦。
10.玛丽喜欢听我说话。
11.童年的时候我不知道怎样节约时间。
12.那个俄国人想要买些葡萄酒。
(E) 主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语
13.王太太给他的丈夫买了一条领带作为生日礼物。
14.请给我看看那些艺术珍品。
15.她把她的笔记借给了她的秘书。
16.他的精神给了我很大的力量。
17.那个老妈妈给孩子们做了一些香肠。
18.他给我看了一些长城的照片。
19.经理借给了我一副手套。
20.这个新的手提包花了他600元。
21.我们把那些人叫欧洲人。
22.给我指一下走哪条道好吗？
(F) 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
23.他发现学习英语很重要。
24.约翰请我今天晚间帮他学物理。
25.没见到他们我不会让你走的。
26.有人看见他昨天夜里在街上哭。
27.你以前听过他唱歌吗?
28.前天我发现那个穿着红裙子的小女孩。
29.我们认为他是一个优秀的飞行员。
30.他告诉我什么也不要给你。
(G) There be 句型
31.杯子里有一点水。
32.路的两边有很多树。
33.桌子上有一把小刀，两把尺子和一块橡皮。
34.桌子上有5本书 1个文具盒和3个作业本。
35.刚才房子旁边有一辆自行车。
36明天下午将有两场足球。
37.还有20棵树要种。
38.近20年来,我的家乡已有很大的变化。
39.几年来一直未下雨。
40.今晚可能还有一场地震。
41他的决定必定还有其他的理由。
42.没什么可担心的。
43没什么时间了。
44.我的自行车出了毛病。
45.你没事了。
46.上个月每周一都有一个会议。
47.我的电脑似乎有点毛病。
48.那天碰巧有一个事故。
49.那儿有一座楼。
参考答案
Ⅰ.
1. Those children aren’t students. Are those children students?
2. We can’t see many girls in the picture. Can we see many girls in the picture?
3. They won’t go to England for a visit.Will they go to England for a visit?
4. The young men are having a party. Aren’t the young men having a party?
5. She hasn’t been to Shanghai yet. Has she been to Shanghai already?
6. Please be quiet.
7. Don’t stand in front of the class. 7. Stand in front of the class, will you?
8. Neither Mary nor Tony is a good student. 8. Are both Mary and Tony good students?
9. None of the students in our class is/are going to visit the Science Museum.
Are all the students in our class going to visit the Science Museum?
10. There is an English test on Friday, isn’t there?
11. There won’t be a report on Chinese history tomorrow.
Will there be a report on Chinese history tomorrow?
12. Tom doesn’t have h is lunch in the school.
Does Tom have his lunch in the school?
Tom has his lunch in the school, doesn’t he?
13. John doesn’t do his homework at home.
Does John do his homework at home?
John does his homework at home, doesn’t he?
14. He didn’t s ee the TV news yesterday evening.
Did he see the TV news yesterday evening?
He saw the TV news yesterday evening, didn’t he?
15. I don’t think you are right. Do you think I’m right?
16. This kind of car isn’t made in Japan. 16. Is this kind of car ma de in Japan?
17. Who 18. Whose 19. Which 20. What does, do 21. What has 22. How long did
23. What does, do 24. What day 25. How many, are there 26. Where does 27. How do
28. Why couldn’t29. didn’t say anything; Did , say anything30. When do
31. Which woman 32. How much did, spend 33. Neither, is 34. With whom did 35. did, doing 36. How often does 37. How long has 38. How far 39. What, be 40. How will
41. How often did 42. How many times 43. can he 44. shall we 45. does he
46. doesn’t he47. hasn’t she48.cold 49.How 50.How fluently
Ⅱ1—5 CBDCC 6---10 BCACD 11---15 CDCAB 16---20 BBABC
21---25 AAAAA 26---30 DCACD
Ⅲ (A)感叹句
1. What a wonderful book it is!
2. What an interesting story it is!
3. What beautiful flowers they are!
4. What heavy snow it is!
5. What an honest boy!
6. How time flies!
7. How cool!8. How wonderful!
9. What tall buildings they are! / How tall the buildings are!
10. What bad weather it is! / How bad the weather is!
11. What bright sunshine it is!/ How bright the sunshine is!
(B)主语+谓语（S+V）
1. They will accept the advice.
2. The foreign visitors will arrive this Saturday.
3. In China, people often eat dumplings to celebrate the Spring Festival.
4. He lived with his wife in England two years ago.
5. They will fly to Paris to visit the museum.
6. The principle often goes to school earlier than teachers.
7. The fisherman caught a lot of fish in April.
8. He is breathing heavily.
9. The firemen are playing table tennis in the gym.
10. The giraffe is walking with the baby in the forest.
(C)主语+系动词+表语（S+P+V）
1. The elder man is our factory’s engineer.
2. The coaches are practicing how to use computer.
3. The president is at the concert.
4. The sandwiches and vegetables are in the fridge.
5. The college students are preparing for the competition.
6. He is a famous pilot.
7. It sounds like a fantastic idea to me.
8. The book I borrowed yesterday is very interesting.
9. It is important for me to solve the problems.
10. The baby seemed to be asleep.
11. The weather gets warmer and warmer, and the flowers smell sweet.
12. He always keeps silent.
13. The leaves turn brown in autumn.
14. My temperature seems all right.
(D)主语+及物动词+宾语
1.Father likes reading newspapers after supper.
2.He has just finished his handwriting.
3.Our monitor doesn’t want to give up maths.
4. I wonder whom you agree with.
5.Who is this doctor operating on?
6.These foreign travelers arrived in Shenyang yesterday evening.
7.She is afraid of climbing.
8.Maybe I need some sleep.
9.The baby stopped crying.
10.Mary enjoys listening to me.
11.I didn’t know how to save time at the age of my childhood.
12. That Russian would like to buy some wine.
(E) 主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语
13. Mrs. Wang bought a tie for her husband as his birthday present.
14. Please show us those art treasures.
15. She lent her notebooks to her secretary.
16.His spirit gave me much energy.
17. The old woman made some sausages for the kids.
18. He showed me some pictures of the Great Wall.
19. The manager lent me a pair of gloves.
20. This new handbag cost him six hundred yuan.
21. We call those people from Europe European.
22. Would you show us which way to take?
(F) 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
23. He found it important to learn English.
24. John will ask me to help him with his physics this evening.
25. I won’t let you go without seeing them.
26. Someone saw him crying in the street last night.
27. Have you heard her sing before ?
28. I found the girl in a red dress the day before yesterday.
29.We found him a excellent pilot.
30. He told me not to give you anything.
(G)There be 句型
31. There is a little water in the glass.
32. There are a lot of trees on each side of the road.
33. There is a knife , two rulers and an eraser.
34. There are five books a pencil-case and three exercise books.
35. There was a bike near the house a moment ago.
36. There are going to be two football matches tomorrow afternoon.
37. There will be 20 more trees to be planted.
38. There have been great changes in my hometown during the past 20 years.
39. There hasn’t been rains for years.
40. There may be another earthquake tonight
41. There must be another reason for his decision
42. There is nothing to worry about.
43. There is little time left.
44. There is something wrong with my bike.
45. There’s nothing much wrong with you.
46. There used to be a meeting on Monday last month.
47. There seem to be something wrong with my computer.
48. There happened to be an accident that day.
49. There stands a little building.
英语简单句的五种基本句型
简单句的五种基本句型讲解及习题 一、句子成份 英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。 顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： Country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） 2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。 1)简单谓语： We study for the people. 2)复合谓语： I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing.. 3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。 My sister is a nurse. Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The ruler must be in your box.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） 4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，We like English. How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） It began to rain.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 He gave me some ink. 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：We make him our monito r(班长). 5、宾补: 就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的 I see you crossing the street His father named him David.（名词） They painted（涂漆） their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh（新鲜的） air in.（副词） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） 6、定语: 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 He is a new student. 但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。 The bike in the room/over there/ is mine. Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing（发展中） country; America is a developed（发达） country.（分词）
简单句的五种基本句型专项练习及专项强化练习
句子成分和简单句的五种基本句型 专项练习 一、由and和both…and连接的两个名词作主语 ⒈Lucy and Lily ______ in the same class. A. am B. is C. are D. be ⒉Both she and I ______ surprised when we heard the news. A. were B. was C. was being D. have been ⒊Basketball and football ______ his favorite sports. A. are B. is C. be D. am 二、单数名词后面由with或together with修饰 ⒋The teacher, together with his students ______ dinner at that time. A. had B. had eaten C. was having D. were having ⒌The manager with his wife ______ to Paris for three times. A. have gone B. went C. have been D. has been ⒍Mr Brown, together with his friends, ______ Shanghai this evening. A. are going to B. is going to C. go to D. to go to 三、由or, either…or连接的两个名词 ⒎Neither of us ______ a doctor. A. is B. isn’t C. are D. aren’t ⒏Neither he nor I ______ good at math. A. is B. am C. are D. were ⒐Either the students or the teacher ______ him very well. A. know B. to know C. knows D. knowing ⒑Not only Mary but also her friends ______ listening to music. A. enjoys B. enjoy C. enjoying D. is enjoying ⒒Neither she nor I ______ to the Great Wall before. A. has gone B. have gone C. have been D. has been 四、由合成代词something, everyone等作主语 ⒓Each sheep ______ grass now. A. is eating B. are eating C. eat D. eating ⒔Every one of us ______ swimming. A. likes B. like C. likes to D. liking ⒕Something ______ my radio, I will have it repaired. A. are wrong with B. is wrong with C. are wrong at D. is wrong at ⒖Either of you ______ attend the meeting. A. are go to B. is go to C. are going to D. is going to 五、the number of 和a number of的区别 ⒗The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses ______ change much if people leave things as they are. A. don’t B. doesn’t C. isn’t D. didn’t 17.A large number of young teachers ______ in our school this term. A. is teaching B. are teaching C. teaches D. to teach 18.He said, “A number of books ______.” A. is missing B. was missing C. are missing D. be missing 六、简单句专项能力训练 19.These oranges taste ______. A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well 20.—Do you like the material? —Yes, it ______ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 21.As she ______ the newspaper, Granny ______ asleep. A. read, was falling B. was reading, fell C. was reading, was falling D. read, fell 22.I can hardly heard the radio. Would you please ______.
简单句的五种基本句型教案
教学讲义
三、主语＋系动词＋表语(S＋V＋P) [例句]1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 2. The cake smells good. 蛋糕味道很好。 3. Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。 4. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮。 5. The trouble is that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 6. Our well has gone dry. 我们的井干枯了。 7. His face turned red. 他的脸红了。 [分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。 四、主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S＋V＋IO＋DO) [例句]1. He brought you a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。 2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫做了一顿美餐。 3. I showed him my pictures.我给他看我的照片。 4. I gave my car a wash.我洗了我的汽车。 5. I told him that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。 6. He showed me how to run the machine.他教我开机器。 [分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思，故这类动词被称作双宾语动词。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。一般来说指人的宾语叫间接宾语，指物的宾语叫直接宾语。通常
十大词性 句子成分及基本句型讲解及练习(附答案)..
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句子的成分和基本句型
句子的成分和基本句型 句子的成分和基本句型 句子成分： 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。 一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如: Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。 He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。 To learn English well is not easy.(不定式短语)学好英语不容易。 二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词充当。例如： We work hard.我们努力工作。 The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。 He is my father. 他是我父亲。 They all look fine. 他们都很好。 谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如： I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading. 三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名
词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。例如： Tom bought a story-book.(名词)汤姆买了一本故事书。 I saw him yesterday. (代词)昨天我看到他了。 He wanted to have a cup of tea. (不定式短语)他想要一杯茶。 直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如： He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。 间接宾语直接宾语 Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。 间接宾语直接宾语 四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如： My sister is a nurse.(名词)我的姐姐是一名护士。 They were at home.(介词短语)他们在家里。 She got angry. (形容词)她生气了。 Her grandfather is over eighty years old.(数词)她的祖父八十多岁了。 五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词
简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题
英语中的五种基本句型 为什么又要分词类，又要分句子成分呢？词类和句子成分是不同的概念。同一个词类可以在句中充当不同的成分，同一个句子成分也可以由不同的词类来担任。 那么什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有六种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）和状语(adverbial)。 注意：汉语与英语就句子成分表面上看来差不多，实际上有不少差别。例如： (1) Xiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home. 小李回家后, 立刻就睡觉了。 (2) I'll go when I have had my dinner. 我吃了饭就去。 在英语中，同一个主语在第二次出现时不能省略，必须把每个谓语所陈述的对象都表示出来。而在汉语中，同一个主语在句中第二次出现时，就可以省略。如例(1)中，汉语说“小李回家后立刻就睡觉了”，省去了第二个分句的主语，倒可以避免造成误解。若将第二次出现的主语补出来，说成“小李回家后，他立刻就睡觉了”。听的人反而可能把那个“他”误会成另一个人。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一：Ｓ＋Ｖi （主＋谓） 基本句型二：Ｓ＋Ｖt＋Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾） 基本句型三：Ｓ＋LinkＶ＋Ｐ（主＋谓＋表） 基本句型四：Ｓ＋Ｖt＋InO ＋DO （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 基本句型五：Ｓ＋Ｖt＋Ｏ＋Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型一：Ｓ＋Ｖi （主＋谓） 此句型有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 ＳＶi （不及物动词） 1. The sun │was shining. 1. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 2. 月亮升起了。 3. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 3.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 4. Who │cares? 4. 管它呢？ 5. What he said│does not matter. 5. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 6. They │talked for half an hour. 6. 他们谈了半个小时。 基本句型二Ｓ＋Ｖt＋Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾） 此句型的共同点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动
简单句的五种基本句型练习题文档
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简单句共有五种基本句型
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五种简单句的基本句型练习题
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初中句子成分和基本句型完整版
初中句子成分和基本句 型 Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】
句子成分和基本句型 句子包含哪些成分？ 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有八种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)、{补语（complement）、同位语（apposite）} 1.主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当．它的位置一般在句首． Thegirlispretty.Readingisuseful. Toseeistobelieve.Theyaregoodfriends. 2.谓语说明主语做什么，以什么状态或特征存在，由简单动词或者动词短语构成． Theyareteachers.Shelookswell. Hestudieshard.Helaughedathisclassmates. 3.表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面Iamateacher.Shefeelshappy. Everybodyishere.Theyareathomenow. Hewentmad.Seeingisbelieving. 4.宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后．Sheplaysthepiano.Heoftenhelpsme. IlikewatchingTV.Shelikestogotoshopthisafternoon. Ithinkthatheisgoodboy. 5.宾语补足语：在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用． 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当． Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyouking.Leavethedooropen. WefoundJohnoutwhenwearrived.Makeyourselfathome. Iheardmynamecalled. 6.状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当． Hediditcarefully.Hestudiedveryhard. IwasbornonJune9th1982inGuangxi.Heiswritingwithapen. Iwillstayathomeifitrainstomorrow.
简单句的五种基本句型
简单句的五种基本句型 只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。简单句有五种基本句型结构： ★主语+谓语(S+V) 谓语是不及物动词，其后可加副词、介词短语等。例如： They sat together quietly. 他们静静地坐在一起。 The meeting begins at nine. 会议9点开始。 ★主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O) 谓语是及物动词，宾语通常是名词、代词、动词不定式、V-ing形式等。例如： He doesn’t like the movie. 他不喜欢这部电影。 Do you know them, Li Ming? 李明，你认识他们吗？ ★主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P) 常见的系动词有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, become, turn, get等，表语通常是形容词、名词、代词等。例如： Your new watch looks very nice. 你的新手表看起来很漂亮。 That sounds a good idea. 听起来是个好主意。 ★主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+InO+DO) 某些动词后的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语，如：give, lend, pass, show, send等；某些动词后的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语，如：buy, choose, cook, make, sing等。例如：Can you pass me the book? = Can you pass the book to me? 你能把书递给我吗？ She sang us an English song. = She sang an English song for us. 她为我们唱了一首英语歌。★主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC) 这类谓语动词主要有find, keep, feel, wish, think, name, call, ask, advise, teach, want, notice 等。宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的动作或状态，通常是形容词、名词、动词不定式、介词短语等。例如： He found his new job very interesting. 他发现他的新工作很有趣。 Mr. Li asked us to write a report. 李老师让我们写一份报告。 即时操练 ( ) 2. Can you lend me your dictionary? ( ) 3. Mum is cooking in the kitchen. ( ) 4. Danny made all of us laugh.
中考英语 简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题(无答案)
简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题 一、句子成份 英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。 顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： Country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） 2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。 1)简单谓语： We study for the people. 2)复合谓语： I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing.. 3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。 My sister is a nurse. Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The ruler must be in your box.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） 4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，We like English. How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） It began to rain.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 He gave me some ink. 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如： We make him our monito r(班长). 5、宾补: 就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的 I see you crossing the street His father named him Dongming.（名词） They painted（涂漆） their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh（新鲜的） air in.（副词） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） 6、定语: 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 He is a new student. 但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。 The bike in the room/over there/ is mine. Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing（发展中） country; America is a developed（发达） country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词） His progress（进步）in English made us surprised.（代词）
句子的成分和基本句型
句子的成分和基本句型 句子成分： 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。 一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如: Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。 He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。 To learn English well is not easy.（不定式短语）学好英语不容易。 二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词 ．．充当。例如： We work hard.我们努力工作。 The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。 He is my father. 他是我父亲。 They all look fine. 他们都很好。 谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如： I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading. 三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。例如： Tom bought a story-book.（名词）汤姆买了一本故事书。 I saw him yesterday. （代词）昨天我看到他了。 He wanted to have a cup of tea. （不定式短语）他想要一杯茶。 直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如： He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。 间接宾语直接宾语 Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。 间接宾语直接宾语 四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如： My sister is a nurse.（名词）我的姐姐是一名护士。 They were at home.（介词短语）他们在家里。 She got angry. （形容词）她生气了。 Her grandfather is over eighty years old.（数词）她的祖父八十多岁了。 五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词外，还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。例如： This is a green cup.（形容词）这是一个绿色的杯子。
(完整word版)简单句的五种基本句型
简单句的五种基本句型 一、句子分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 ①简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成，其它各种句子形式都是由此句型发展而来。 ②并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子。并列连词有：and, but, or, so等。 ③复合句是由主句＋从句构成。由从属连词连接，如because, if, when, while, until, after, before, as soon as等。分为名词性从句，形容词性从句（即定语从句），副词性从句（即状语从句）三大类。其中最著名的是宾语从句，定语从句和状语从句。 二、简单句的五个基本句式： ①主谓②主谓宾③主谓双宾④主谓宾补⑤主系表 主语: 句子说明的人或事物。 谓语:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 表语:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 宾语：1. 动作的承受者——动宾。2. 介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾。 补语：宾补，对宾语的补充。主补，对主语的补充。 判断下列句子是那种结构： 1. He is swimming. 2. It made him angry. 3. The little boy is asking the teacher questions. 4. She is young. 5. My mom bought me a beautiful gift. 6. He kept his eyes closed. 7. He told us an exciting story. 8. We must keep our classroom tidy and clean. 9. I heard the baby crying in the sitting room. 10.Can you push the window open？ 11. He seemed tired. 1.主谓 2.主谓宾补 3.主谓双宾 4.主系表 5.主谓双宾 6.主谓宾补 7.主谓双宾 8.主谓宾补 9.主谓宾补10.主谓宾补11.主系表