arm嵌入式系统论文
ARM Embedded System Paper
ARM嵌入式论文
ARM introduction
If, say, \"embedded\" is 2008 years electronic engineer talking about one of the most word in 2009, most of the talk about a word is \"ARM\". What is ARM? He is a British electronic company name, the full name mean Advanced RISC Machine. The company was founded in November 1990, is apple computer, Acorn computer group and VLSI Technology of the joint venture. Acorn has launched the world's first commercial single chip RISC processors, and apple computer was hope will RISC technology in their own system, the ARM microprocessor new standards so arises at the historic moment.
如果,说,\“嵌入式\”是2008年电子工程师谈论的一个最字2009年,大多数的谈论一个单词是\“手臂\”。手臂是什么?他是一个英国电子公司的名字,全名是先进的RISC机器。公司成立于1990年11月,是苹果电脑,Acorn计算机集团和VLSI技术的合资企业。Acorn已经推出了世界上第一个商业单片RISC处理器,和苹果电脑是希望将RISC技术在自己的系统中,ARM微处理器新标准应运而生。
At the end of 80 s, 90 s semiconductor industry chain just appear division of labor, TSMC, LianDian semiconductor foundry etc are slowly rise, some of the silicon valley fabless companies also have mushroomed emerging as, so-called fabless design company chip, but the production process is the package to give TSMC foundry production etc. And ARM is for the world first, 19 years ago created chipless production model, that is, the company is neither production chip, also don't design chips, but the design of effective IP kernel, to authorize a semiconductor companies use, semiconductor company in the ARM technology based on add your own design and introduction of chip products, finally by OEM customers use these chips to construct the system based on ARM technology products. This way, a bit like the communications
industry in the qualcomm and the semiconductor industry RAMBUS, they stand in the semiconductor industry chain upstream of the upstream. 19 years ago formed ARM may face a lot of risk, because no one know the road can not work, but now the facts have proved, ARM away a no man through, but it is the right path. As additional products, he also let China's industry members from the window to understand the British electronics company, the success of the ARM of the British chipless led the development of the company.
80年代末,90年代半导体产业链分工出现,台积电,LianDian半导体等正在慢慢上升,硅谷的一些专业公司也如雨后春笋般涌现的新兴,所谓专业设计公司芯片,但生产过程是包给台积电铸造生产等和手臂是世界第一,19年前创建无屑的生产模式,也就是说,公司既不生产芯片,也不设计芯片,但设计有效的IP内核,授权一个半导体公司使用,半导体公司在ARM技术的基础上添加自己的设计和芯片产品的介绍,最后通过OEM客户使用这些芯片构建系统基于ARM技术的产品。这样,有点像高通的通信行业和半导体行业RAMBUS,他们站在半导体产业链上游的上游。19年前形成的手臂可能面临很多的风险,因为没有人知道这条路不能工作,但是现在,事实已经证明,手臂没有人通过,但这是正确的道路。作为额外的产品,他还让中国从窗口行业成员理解英国电子公司的成功的英国无屑的公司的发展。
Because ARM of the product is IP Core, without any physical sense of hardware or software entities, therefore can only registered in China to become \"consultation\" company, despite of its business consulting is just a few. ARM the core business is selling chips core technology IP, at present the whole world has 103 giant IT company in the home ARM technology, 20 largest semiconductor manufacturers in 19 is the ARM users, including Texas instruments, stmicroelectronics, Philips, Intel, etc. The only 20 giants didn't buy ARM authorized is the old Intel rival AMD, Intel because the StrongARM processor is portable, and AMD is the acquisition of the Alchemy company fight, used the MIPS structure.
因为产品的手臂是IP核,没有任何硬件或软件实体的物理意义,因此只能在中国注册成为\“咨询\”公司,尽管其业务咨询只是少数。ARM核心业务是销售芯片核心技术知识产权,目前全世界有103家中大型IT公司ARM技术,20 19手臂用户最大的半导体制造商,包括德州仪器、意法
半导体、飞利浦、英特尔等。只有20个巨人没有买手臂授权是古老的英特尔竞争对手AMD,英特尔因为StrongARM处理器是便携式,和AMD是炼金术的收购公司,使用了MIPS结构。
ARM product introduction
ARM offer a series of core, system expansion, microprocessor and system chip solutions. Because all products are used a general software system, so the same software can be in all products operation (in theory so). Typical products as follows.
臂产品介绍
部门提供一系列核心,系统扩张,微处理器和系统芯片的解决方案。因为所有的产品都是使用一种通用的软件系统,所以相同的软件可以在所有产品操作(在理论上)。典型的产品如下。
CPU core (CPU核心)
ARM7TDMI (Thumb) : this is the most authorized users a product will ARM7 instruction set with Thumb extension together, in order to reduce memory capacity and system cost. At the same time, it also use embedded ICE commissioning technical to simplify system design, and a digital signal processor (DSP) enhance extended to improve performance. The product of the typical application is digital cellular phones and hard disk drives.
ARM7TDMI(拇指):这是最授权用户的产品将与拇指ARM7指令集扩展在一起,以减少内存容量和系统成本。与此同时,它也使用嵌入冰调试技术来简化系统的设计,和数字信号处理器(DSP)增强扩展来提高性能。产品的典型应用是数字蜂窝电话和硬盘驱动器。
ARM710 series, including ARM710, ARM710T, ARM720T and ARM740T: low price, low energy consumption, encapsulation type routine system micro processor, equipped with Cache (Cache), memory management, writing buffer and JTAG. Widely used in handheld computing, data communication and consumer multimedia.
ARM7 optimized for use on price and power consumption of the application of sensitive low power consumption and a nuclear, very low power consumption; Three parts assembly line and and von neumann structure, provide 0.9 MIPS/MHz.
ARM710系列,包括ARM710、ARM710T ARM720T ARM740T:价格低,能耗低,封装类型常规系统微处理器,配有缓存(缓存),内存管理,写缓冲区和JTAG。广泛应用于手持计算机、数据通信和消费多媒体。
ARM7优化使用价格和功耗敏感的低功耗的应用程序和一个核,非常低功耗;三部分组装线和冯·诺依曼结构,提供0.9 MIPS / MHz。
ARM9TDMI: the five stages GuanDaoHua ARM9 kernel, also equipped with Thumb extension, commissioning and Harvard bus. In the production process of the same case, performance of ARM7TDMI twice as many. Often used for networking and the top place box.
ARM9TDMI:五个阶段GuanDaoHua ARM9内核,还配备了拇指扩展、调试和哈佛公共汽车。在生产过程相同的情况下,ARM7TDMI两倍的性能。通常用于网络和地方盒子顶部。
ARM940T series low, low energy consumption, high performance system microprocessor, equipped with, memory management and write buffer. Application to the advanced engine management, and security system, the top place box, portable computer and high-grade printer. StrongARM: high performance, at the same time satisfy the need of the routine use a microprocessor technology, and joint research DEC, later license to Intel. SA110 processor, SA1100 PDA system chip and SA1500 multimedia processor chip is using this technique.
ARM940T系列低,能耗低,高性能微处理器系统,配备、内存管理和写缓冲区。应用先进的引擎管理和安全系统,顶部位置框,便携式电脑和高档打印机。StrongARM:高性能,同时满足日常的需要使用微处理器技术,联合研究12月,后来英特尔的许可证。SA110处理器,SA1100 PDA系统芯片和SA1500多媒体处理器芯片使用这种技术。
ARM920T, began, ARM940T, ARM966E-S, ARM968E-S, ARM996HS has a high performance and low power consumption of leading a macro unit, level 5 lines structure; Harvard structure provides 1.1 MIPS/MHz. ARM920T and began the performance of the built-in MMU, instructions and data cache and high-speed AMBA bus interface. AMBA chip bus is an open standard, has become the construction and development of library SoC IP criterion of truth. AMBA advanced high performance bus (AHB) interface by all new ARM now nuclear support, provide development all the
integrated design system. ARM940T built-in instructions and data cache, protection unit and high-speed AMBA bus interface.
ARM920T开始,ARM940T ARM966E-S、ARM968E-S ARM996HS高性能和低功耗的主要一个宏单元,5级线结构;哈佛结构提供了1.1 MIPS / MHz。ARM920T并开始内置的MMU的性能,指令和数据缓存和高速AMBA总线接口。安巴芯片总线是一种开放标准,已成为图书馆的建设和发展SoC IP真理的标准。安巴先进的高性能总线(AHB)接口的所有新手臂现在核支持,提供开发所有的集成设计系统。ARM940T内置指令和数据缓存,保护单元和高速AMBA总线接口。
ARM7500 and ARM7500FE: highly integrated RISC single chip computer, a cache type based on ARM7 32 bit kernel, with memory and I/O controller, three DMA channel, the video controller and palette of and stereo port; ARM7500FE increased by a floating point unit and the support of EDO DRAM. Especially suitable for the top box and TV for the network computer (NC).
ARM7500 ARM7500FE:高度集成的RISC单片机,缓存类型基于ARM7 32位内核、内存和I / O 控制器,三个DMA通道的视频控制器和面板和立体声港口;ARM7500FE增加了一个浮点单元和江户DRAM的支持。特别适合的机顶盒和电视网络计算机(NC)。
ARM10 ARM1020E, ARM1022E, ARM1026EJ-S, series is 64 bit AHB instructions and data interface; 6 levels of assembly line structure; 1.25 / MHz MIPS; Than comparable ARM9 device performance increased by 50%. Added two new advanced energy-saving way to get the abnormal low power consumption. VFP10 coprocessor perfect compliance ARM10 device to supply high-performance floating point solutions ARM10 has three kernel respectively is: ARM1026EJ-S ?, ARM1020E ?, ARM1022E ?.
ARM10 ARM1020E、ARM1022E ARM1026EJ-S,系列64位AHB指令和数据接口;6水平的流水线结构;1.25 / MHz MIPS;比ARM9设备性能增加了50%。添加了两个新的先进的节能办法不正常的低功耗。VFP10协处理器完美合规ARM10设备提供高性能浮点解ARM10有三个内核分别是:ARM1026EJ-S?,ARM1020E?,ARM1022E?。
ARM11 MPCore, ARM1136J (F)-S, ARM1176JZ (F)-S it is efficient high performance CPU, domestic haven't products appear.
ARM11 MPCore ARM1136J(F)- s,ARM1176JZ(F)- s高效高性能CPU,国内还没有
产品出现。
ARM software system and operating system in the paper
手臂软件系统和操作系统
The embedded system usually in the specific application as the center, take the processor as core and face the reality of the application software and hardware system, the hardware the embedded system operation of the foundation and platform, providing the software required for the operation of physics platform and communication interface; And of the embedded system software generally include operating system and application software, they are the whole system control core, provide machine and other information interaction. Therefore, the development of embedded system usually includes both hardware and software development, hardware mainly includes choosing appropriate MCU, storage device or SOC type, the communication interface and the I/O, power and other auxiliary equipment; Software of mainly involves OS porting and application development, at the same time, software interrupts commissioning and real-time debugging, code, and the optimization of portability/reusable and software curing and so on is also the key embedded software development.
嵌入式系统通常在具体应用为中心,以处理器为核心和面对现实的应用软件和硬件系统,硬件的嵌入式系统运行的基础平台,提供所需的软件操作的物理平台和通信接口,和一般的嵌入式系统软件包括操作系统和应用软件,它们是整个系统的控制核心,提供机器和其他信息交互。因此,嵌入式系统的开发通常包括硬件和软件开发,硬件主要包括选择合适的单片机,存储设备或SOC类型、通信接口和I / O,电力和其他辅助设备,主要包括操作系统移植和应用程序的软件开发,与此同时,软件中断调试和实时调试代码,便携性/可重用和软件的优化养护等等也是嵌入式软件开发的关键。
ARM of the operating system and the system development the execution environment provides the widest choice, customers can according to need to choose the most to adapt to the requirements of the market based on ARM embedded operating system.
Alternative embedded operating system has a few kinds, used more have Linux, WinCE, Palm, Symbian, and so on. The WinCE more OEM is according to their needs, and specific embedded devices of development, such as GPS navigation equipment. The Palm operating system manufacturers have lenovo samsung SONY, their shipments are very great. Symbian operating system is advanced global public industry standard operating system, based on the Symbian operating system of mobile phones have: BenQ, DoCoMo, Motorola, Nokia, ltd., samsung, SONY Ericsson etc. Linux is the source code of the opening of the operating system, it can run in including ARM and so on many kinds of mainstream processor architecture. Because a large number of engineers in the development of open source and related development tools, Linux can be more convenient for transplantation.
手臂的操作系统和系统开发执行环境提供了广泛的选择,客户可以根据需要选择最适应市场需求的基于ARM的嵌入式操作系统。选择嵌入式操作系统有几种,使用更多的Linux,畏缩,棕榈,塞班,等等。畏缩的OEM是根据他们的需求,和特定的嵌入式设备的发展,GPS导航设备等。Palm操作系统制造商三星索尼、联想出货量非常大。塞班操作系统是先进的全球公共行业标准操作系统,基于Symbian操作系统的手机有:明基,DoCoMo,摩托罗拉、诺基亚、、三星、索尼爱立信等。Linux是源代码开放的操作系统,它可以运行在包括手臂等等多种主流的处理器架构。因为大量的工程师开放源码和相关开发工具的发展,Linux可以更方便移植。
With Linux as an example, the choice based on ARM Linux, can get more development the application of source code, can use the high-performance ARM processor develop more vast network and wireless applications, ARM of the Jazelle technology bring Linux the workbench Java program better performance. ARM company series development tools and development plate, and the various development BBS available information bring faster time to the market.
使用Linux作为一个例子,选择基于ARM Linux,可以得到更多的开发应用程序的源代码,可以使用高性能的ARM处理器开发更庞大的网络和无线应用程序,手臂Jazelle技术使Linux工作台Java程序更好的性能。ARM公司系列开发工具和开发板和可用的各种发展论坛信息给市
场带来更快的时间。
ARM development process
ARM开发过程
Based on ARM926 Linux development as an example, scan the entire development process:
1 design principle diagram (including the WIGGLER JTAG visit really device);
2 design PCB (including the WIGGLER JTAG visit really device);
3 plate;
4 welding voltage, determine the voltage no problem;
5 welding 44 B0 + JTAG circuit + WIGGLER JTAG visit of the surrounding circuit is +, with BANYANT + simulators connection, BANYANT tip mistakes, but can display the 44 B0 Numbers, explain 44 B0 no problem;
6 welding crystal + RAM + ROM + surrounding circuit, with BANYANT + simulators connection, can show the correct 44 B0;
7 BANYANT + simulation with the connecting, open AXD, in the command line window operation RAM, see can modify, if (with memory window see RAM address) RAM is no problem can use this command \"setmem 0 xc000000, 0 XFFFFFFFF, 32\";
8 procedures according to \"FLASH and writing summaries\" burn to FLASH, test;
9 in accordance with the UBOOT transplant operation \"transplantation UBOOT;
10 according to \"UCLINUX download simple showing next UCLINUX;
基于ARM926 Linux开发作为一个例子,扫描整个开发过程:
1设计原理图(包括孑孓JTAG访问真正的设备);
2设计PCB(包括孑孓JTAG访问真的设备);
3板;
4焊接电压,确定电压没有问题;
5焊接44 B0 + JTAG电路+孑孓JTAG访问周围的电路+ BANYANT +模拟器连接,BANYANT提示错误,但是可以显示44 B0的数字,解释44 B0没问题;
6焊接水晶+ RAM +罗+周边电路,BANYANT +模拟器连接,可以显示正确的44 B0;
7 BANYANT +模拟连接,打开AXD,在命令行窗口中操作内存,可以修改,如果(内存窗看到内存地址)内存没有问题可以使用这个命令\“setmem 0 xc000000开始,0 XFFFFFFFF 32 \”;
8程序根据\“闪电和写作摘要\”燃烧FLASH,测试;
9按照UBOOT移植操作\“移植UBOOT;
10 \“未来UCLINUX UCLINUX下载简单的显示;
Summary
AMR (Audio/MODEM Riser, voice/MODEM card) is a set of open industrial standard, it defined expansion CARDS can also support voice and MODEM function. Use this to the design, can effectively reduce the cost, and solve the voice and MODEM subsystem at present on the function of some restrictions. People actually would have wanted to put the MODEM subsystem integrated into the system board, but since there are electromagnetic interference and other convenient factors, so the most important MODEM simulation I/O (coding/decoder and DAA) circuit can't be directly welded to temporarily on the main board. Intel company is set AMR rules, it is important for a purpose is to solve this problem, the simulated the I/O circuit transfer to a single card, the other remaining parts on the main board.
Through an open, industrial standard card design, system manufacturers can use standard or special slot, with very low cost on the mainboard achieve voice and MODEM function. Because of it has more flexibility, can be integrated more on the mainboard speed of the function, all these are credited to AMR interface. The basic framework support voice and AMR MODEM subsystem of hardware acceleration. The
accelerator is located in data source and processing data pretreatment between destination, it directly from the main memory has previously dealt with good data, again through the AC link, its directly on to decoder chip. It is because of this flexibility on hardware, system manufacturers can choose which controller as AC link will master to use. In the foreseeable future, more and more hardware devices will be integrated to together, can save space, also can reduce the cost. But all this will depend on the industry popular standard. Intel set by the AMR1.01 standard just took a small step just. In some science fiction, have pointed out the future of CPU is a hodgepodge of all sorts of function, at the same time a MODEM, sound card, memory, and video CARDS etc. Function. I hope this is not a distant dream!
总结
AMR(现代立管,音频/语音/调制解调器卡)是一套开放的工业标准,它定义的扩展卡也可以支持语音和调制解调器的功能。使用这个设计,能有效降低成本,并解决目前语音和调制解调器子系统在功能上的一些限制。人们会想把现代子系统集成到系统板,但由于有电磁干扰和其他方便的因素,所以最重要的现代模拟I / O(编码/解码器和DAA)电路不能暂时直接焊接在主板上。英特尔公司AMR规则集,是很重要的一个目的是为了解决这个问题,模拟I / O电路转移到一个卡,主板上的其他剩余的部分。
通过一个开放的、工业标准卡设计,系统制造商可以使用标准的或特殊的槽,与主板上的低成本实现声音和调制解调器的功能。因为它有更大的灵活性,可以集成在主板的速度函数,所有这些都归功于AMR接口。的基本框架支持硬件加速的声音,AMR现代子系统。加速器位于数据源和处理之间的数据预处理的目的地,它直接从主内存之前处理好数据,再通过交流环节,其直接在解码器芯片。正是由于这种灵活性在硬件、系统制造商可以选择使用哪个控制器作为交流链接将主。在可预见的未来,越来越多的硬件设备将被集成在一起,可以节省空间,也可以降低成本。但这一切都取决于行业流行的标准。英特尔AMR1.01设定的标准只是出了一小步。在一些科幻小说,指出未来的CPU是一个大杂烩的各种函数,同时调制解调器,声卡,内存和显卡等功能。我希望这不是一个遥远的梦!