川大MTI真题
四川大学2010年MTI硕士入学考试
第1卷：基础英语
Part 1: Grammar and Vocabulary. （30 POINTS）
01. Tom is the most ____ pupil in the class.
A. industrious
B. indulgent
C. industrialist
D. industrial
02. The mayor of the city is a ____ old man.
A. respective
B. respectful
C. respecting
D. respectable
03. I believe reserves of coal here ____ to last for fifty years.
A. efficient
B. sufficient
C. proficient
D. effective
04. Mr. Smith complained about the ____ air-conditioner he had bought from the company.
A. infectious
B. deficient
C. ineffective
D. defective
05. All the students were excited at the ____ of a weekend sports competition.
A. opinion
B. view
C. thought
D. idea
06. The traveler?s passport established his ____.
A. proof
B. evidence
C. identity
D. case
07. When we credit the successful people with intelligence, physical strength or great luck, we are
making excuses for ourselves because we fall ____ in all three.
A. rare
B. short
C. lacking
D. scarce
08. My sister is quite ____ and plans to get an M. A. degree within one year.
A. aggressive
B. enthusiastic
C. considerate
D. ambitious
09. The twins are so much ____ that it is difficult to tell one from the other.
A. similar
B. same
C. like
D. alike
10. His eyes were injured in a traffic accident, but after a ____ operation, he quickly recovered his
sight.
A. considerate
B. delicate
C. precise
D. sensitive
11. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ____ best in its climate and soil.
A. it grown
B. does it grown
C. what grows
D. what does it grow
12. The fragrances of many natural substances come from oils, ____ these oils may be used in
manufacturing perfumes.
A. of
B. whether
C. from
D. and
13. If only our team ____ one more point!
A. scores
B. had scored
C. scored
D. have scored
14. ____, he could not lift the weight.
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A. Strong while he was
B. However strong as he was
C. Strong as he was
D. Strong although he was
15. Tom is one of the top students who ____ by the headmaster.
A. have been praised
B. has been praised
C. have praised
D. are praised
16. You could do it, if you ____ try hard enough.
A. might
B. should
C. could
D. would
17. The chairman requested that ____.
A. the members studies the problem more carefully
B. the problem would be more carefully studied
C. the members had studied the problem with more care
D. the problem be studied with more care
18. George would certainly have attended the proceedings ____.
A. if he didn?t get a flat tire
B. if the flat tire hadn?t happen ed
C. had he not had a flat tire
D. had the tire not flattened itself
19. I would appreciate ____ it a secret.
A. you to keep
B. that you would keep
C. your keeping
D. that you are keeping
20. We ____ the letter yesterday, but it didn?t arrive ____.
A. must receive
B. must have received
C. ought to receive
D. ought to have received
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Part 2: Reading Comprehension. （20 POINTS）
Passage A
This year some twenty-three hundred teen-agers from all over the world will spend about ten months in U. S. homes. They will attend U. S. schools, meet U. S. teenagers, and form lifelong impressions of the real America. At the same time, about thirteen hundred American teenagers will go abroad to learn new languages and gain a new understanding of world problems. On returning home they, like others who have participated in the exchange program, will pass along their fresh impressions to the youth groups in which they are active.
What have the visiting students discovered? A German boy says, “We often think of America only in terms of skyscrapers, Cadillacs, and gangsters. Americans think of Germany only in terms of Hitler and concentration camps. You can?t realize how wrong you are until you see for yourself.”
A Los Angeles girl says, “It?s the leaders of the countries who are unable to get along. The people get along just fine.”
Observe a two-way student exchange in action. Fred Herschbach, nineteen, spent last year in Germany at the home of George Pfafflin. In turn, Mr. Pfafflin?s son Michael spent a year in the Herschbach home in Texas.
Fred, lanky and lively, knew little German when he arrived, but after two months? study the language began to come to him. School was totally different from what he had expected—much more formal, much harder. Students rose respectfully when the teacher entered the room. They took fourteen subjects instead of the six that are usual in the United States. There were almost no outside activities.
Family life, too, was different. The father?s word was law, and all activities revolved around the closely knit family unit rather than the individual. Fred found the food—mostly starches—monotonous at first. Also, he missed having a car.
“At home, you pick up some kids in a car and go out and have a good time. In Germany, you walk, but you soon get used to it.”
A warm-natured boy, Fred began to make friends as soon as he had mastered enough German to communicate. “I didn?t feel as if I were with foreigners. I felt as I did at home with my own people.” Eventually he was invited to stay at the homes of friends in many of Germany?s major cities. “One?s viewpoint is broadened,” he says, “by living with people who have different habits and backgrounds. You come to appreciate their Points of view and realize that it is possible for all people in the world to come closer together. I wouldn?t trade this year for anything.”
Meanwhile, in Texas, Mike Pfafflin, a friendly German boy, was also forming independent opinions. “I suppose I should criticize the schools,” he says. “It was far too easy by our standards. But I have to admit that I liked it enormously. In Germany we do nothing but study. I think that
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maybe your schools are better training for citizenship. There ought to be some middle ground between the two.” He took part in many outside activities, including the dramatic group.
Mike picked up a favorite adjective of American youth; southern fried chicken was “fabulous.” When expressing a regional point of view, he used the phrase “we Texans.” Summing up his year, he says with feeling, “America is a second home for me from now on. I will love it the rest of my life.”
This exciting exchange program was government sponsored at first; now it is in the hands of private agencies, including the American Field Service and the International Christian Youth Exchange. Screening committees make a careful check on exchange students and host homes. To qualify, students must be intelligent, adaptable, outgoing-potential leaders. Each student is matched, as closely as possible, with a young person in another country whose family has the same economic, cultural, and religious background.
After their years abroad, all students gather to discuss what they observed. For visiting students to accept and approve of all they saw would be a defeat for the exchange program. They are supposed to observe, evaluate, and come to fair conclusions. Nearly all who visited the United States agreed that they had gained faith in American ideals and deep respect for the U. S. brand of democracy. All had made friendships that they were sure would last a life-time. Almost all were struck by the freedom permitted American youth. Many were critical, though, of the indifference to study in American schools, and of Americans? lack of knowledge about other countries.
The opinions of Americans abroad were just as vigorous. A U. S. girl in Vienna: “At home, all we talk about is dating, movies, and clothes. Here we talk about religion, philosophy, and political problems. I am going to miss that.”
A U. S. boy in Sweden: “I learned to sit at home, read a good book, and gain some knowledge. It I told them this back home, they would think I was a square.”
An American girl in Stuttgart, however, was very critical of the German school. “Over here the teacher is king, and you are somewhere far below. Instead of being friend and counselor, as in America the teacher is regarded as a foe—and behaves like it too!”
It costs a sponsoring group about a thousand dollars to give an exchange student a year in the United States. Transportation is the major expense, for bed, board, and pocket money are provided by volunteer families. There is also a small amount of federal support for the program.
For some time now, attempts have been made to include students from iron curtain countries. But so far the Communists have not allowed their young people to take part in this program which could open their eyes to a different world.
In Europe, however, about ten students apply for every place available, in Japan, the ratio is fifty to one. The student exchange program is helping these eager younger citizens of tomorrow learn a lot about the world today.
01. Exchange students are generally placed in homes that are ____.
A. very similar to their own homes
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B. typical of homes in the land they are visiting
C. as different from their own homes as is possible
D. None of the above
02. The greatest value of the program is that each visiting student ____.
A. has a chance to travel in foreign countries
B. shares what he learned with others
C. learns a new language
D. gains a new understanding of world problems
03. Fred Herschbach and Mike Pfafflin agreed that ____.
A. Americans are friendlier than Germans
B. German food is more monotonous than American food
C. German schools are harder than American schools
D. The teacher in German is king
04. The major expense that a group sponsoring an exchange student must meet is ____.
A. bed and board
B. pocket money and incidentals
C. transportation
D. transportation, bed board and pocket money
05. It is reasonable to suppose that the author wishes that ____.
A. American schools provided fewer outside activities
B. more money were available to finance the exchange program
C. the program were government sponsored
D. visiting foreign students will completely accept the culture of America
Passage B
“How many copies do you want printed, Mr. Greeley?” “5 thousands!” The answer was snapped back without hesitation. “But, sir,” the press foreman protested, “we have subscriptions for only five hundred newspapers.” “We?ll sell them or give them away.”
The presses started rolling, sending a thundering noise out over the sleeping streets of New York City. The New York Tribune was born.
The newspaper?s founder, owner, and editor, Horace Greeley, anxiously snatched the first copy as it came sliding off the press. This was his dream of many years that he held in his hand. It was as precious as a child. Its birth was the result of years of poverty, hard work, and disappointments.
Hard luck and misfortune had followed Horace all his life. He was born of poor parents on February 3,1811, on a small farm in New Hampshire. During his early childhood, the Greeley family rarely had enough to eat. They moved from one farm to another because they could not pay their debts. Young Horace?s only boyhood fun was reading—when he could snatch a few moments during
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a long working day.
The printed word always fascinated Horace. When he was only ten years old, he applied for a job as an apprentice in a printing shop. But he didn?t get the job because he was too young.
Four years later, Horace walked eleven miles to East Poultney in Vermont to answer an ad. A paper called the Northern Spectator had a job for a boy. The editor asked him why he wanted to be a printer. Horace spoke up boldly: “Because, sir, I want to learn all I can about newspapers.”
The editor looked at the oddly dressed boy. Fi nally he said, “You?ve got the job, son.”
For the first six months, room and board would be the only pay for his work. After that, he would get room and board and forty dollars a year.
Horace hurried home to shout the good news to his family. When he got there, he learned that his family was about to move again—this time to Pennsylvania. Horace decided to stay and work. Mrs. Greeley hated leaving her son behind, but gave her consent. Twice during his apprenticeship Horace walked six hundred miles to visit his family. Each time, he took all the money he had saved and gave it to his father.
The Spectator failed after Horace had spent four years working for it. He joined his family in Eric, Pennsylvania, and got a job on the Erie Gazette. Half the money he earned he gave to his family. The other half he saved to go to New York.
When he was twenty, Horance arrived in New York with ten dollars in his pocket. He was turned down twice when he asked for a job. Finally he became a typesetter for John T West?s Prin tery. The only reason Horace got the job was that it was so difficult other printers wouldn?t take it. His job was to set a very small edition of the Bible. Horace almost ruined his eyes at that job.
As young Greeley?s skill grew, better jobs came his way. He could have bought better clothes and moved out of his dingy room. But he was used to being poor, and his habits did not change. He spent practically nothing on himself. Even after his Tribune became a success, he lived as if he hadn?t enough money for his next meal.
The Tribune grew and thrived. It was unlike any newspaper ever printed before in the United States. Greeley started a new type of journalism. His news stories were truthful and accurate. His editorials attacked as well as praised. Many people disagreed with what he wrote, but still they read it. The Tribune became America?s first nationwide newspaper. It was read as eagerly in the Midwest and Far West as it was in the East. Greeley?s thundering editorials became the most powerful voice in the land.
Greeley and his Tribune fought for many causes. He was the first to come out for the right of women to vote. His Tribune was the leader in demanding protection for homesteads in the West. He aroused the north in the fight against slavery. During a depression in the East, jobless men asked what they could do to support themselves. Said Greeley: “Go west, young man, go west!”
As the Tribune gained more and more power, Greeley became more interested in politics. He led in forming and naming the Republican Party. He, more than any other man, was responsible for Abraham Lincoln?s being named to run for President.
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Horace Greeley was first of all a successful newspaperman. He was also a powerful political leader. But he was not a popular man. In 1872 he ran for President against Ulysses S Grant. Grant was re-elected by an overwhelming margin.
Greeley was then in deep mourning over the recent death of his wife. He was heartbroken over losing the election. He never recovered from the double blow. Only weeks after his defeat, he died in New York City. His beloved Tribune lived on after him as the monument he wanted. Just before he died, he wrote:
“I cherish the hope that the journal I projected and established will live and flourish long after I shall have moldered into forgotten dust, and that the stone that covers my ashes may bear to future eyes the still intelligible inscription, Founder of the New York Tribune.”
01. Horace gladly accepted his first job ____.
A. because of the kind of work it was
B. because of the high salary offered
C. because of the location of the office
D. because he couldn?t find any other job
02. When Horace founded the Tribune he was ____.
A. already a rich and famous newspaperman
B. poor, but skilled in newspaper work
C. poor, but eager to learn newspaper work
D. rich and skilled in newspaper work
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03. The Tribune was different from all other American papers because it was ____.
A. available by subscription only
B. printed in New York City
C. distributed throughout the nation
D. it offered the editor?s personal opinions
only 04. Before the Tribune was founded, news reporting was ____.
A. honest but uninteresting
B. distorted or dishonest
C. almost unknown
D. interesting but distorted
05. Greeley probably felt that his greatest accomplishment was ____.
A. rising from poverty to wealth
B. becoming a popular political leader
C. founding the New York Tribune
D. All of the above
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Part 3: Answering Questions. （20 POINTS）
Passage A
At seven o?clock each morning a bell sounds in the red brick buildings on the steep bank of the Hudson River at Ossining, New York. As it rings, an entire, separate town of some 2300 persons comes to life. It is the prison town of Sing Sing, a world of men who are confined but also living, working, playing—and hoping. Sing Sing is a town that lives on hope.
The seven o?clock bell is the signal for Sing Sing?s 1748 inmates and 514 man staff to begin another round of duties. The prisoners rise, wash and dress. They make up their narrow beds army-style and make certain that the objects on their dressers are regulation neat. By 7:15, when guards come along the runways to unlock the individual cells, the men are ready. They file slowly to the mess hall, falling into step along the way with friends and acquaintances. Each man grabs a tray and gets a breakfast of oatmeal with milk and sugar, bread, and coffee; he takes his seat at one of the long rows of eating benches, places the tray before him, and begins his breakfast. So starts the day in Sing Sing.
Breakfast over, the men file from the mess hall and under the watchful eyes of guards, drop their eating utensils into boxes provided at the doors. At five minutes to eight they go outside in a long, chattering line down to the cluster of prison workshops.
The prison has a dual function: it has its own permanent population, but it also serves as a receiving station for the great flow of prisoners from New York City. Here they come to be examined, screened, and eventually transferred to upstate institutions.
For the first two weeks, the new arrival is put through a series of mental, physical, and psychological examinations and given courses to prepare him for prison life. In each batch of new prisoners there are hardened men for whom prison can serve just one function—to remove them from society and keep them from doing further harm. But in each batch there are also those who can be helped and encouraged and turned into law-abiding citizens. It is toward these that most of the effort at the prison is directed.
Sing Sing is a school, hospital, and factory as well as a prison. If initial tests show that a man is illiterate, he goes to the prison school to receive the equivalent of an eighth-grade education. If he needs medical treatment, he is sent to the prison hospital. If he shows some special aptitude, or appears capable of learning a trade, he is assigned to a regular job in one of the shops.
The shops cover a wide range of activities. A man may be assigned to the print shop to learn the printer?s trade, or to the neighboring machine shop, where a twelve-month course turns raw trainees into good auto mechanics. Many of the prisons “graduates,” incapable of earning an honest living before, now support themselves on the good wages they make as skilled workers.
The shops are busy until 11:40 a. m., when the men straggle up the slope to the mess hall for
dinner. In the afternoons some men go back to the shops. Others may meet and talk with relatives in the prison?s vis iting room. Athletes may spend hours running and drilling on the basketball court.
The day?s work ends at 3:30, giving the men more than an hour of relative freedom before the supper whistle sounds at 4:40. With the evening meal, the day ends. The men go directly from the mess hall to their cell blocks and are locked in for the night. Each cell is equipped with a set of radio headphones tuned into programs sent over the prison circuit. A prisoner may read one of the well-thumbed volumes from the prison library, which circulates about 36,000 volumes a year, or he may work, as many inmates do, on a correspondence course to improve his chances of making a living when he gets out. Lights go out at ten o?clock. This routine does not vary greatly for any of Sing Sing?s inmates.
“We run the prison like a city of eighteen hundred people, only of course with a lot more police,” says Warden Wilfred I. Denno. “Anything you couldn?t do on the outside, you can?t do on the inside. You can?t fight, you can?t abuse an officer, you can?t steal. If you do, you?ll be punished. We hold court twice a week and try to make the punishment fit the crime.”
This code is impressed on the prisoner from the start; it underlies his every move on every day he spends in Sing Sing. He is faced with clear alternatives. If he misbehaves, he received punishment in the form of restricted privileges or even strict confinement. In one typical week there were only five infractions of prison rules, most of which were minor. One man was reprimanded for not reporting to work on time, one for creating a disturbance by trying to shove his way into the mess-hall line ahead of those already waiting. In three weeks of reports there was only one case of serious, outright rebellion against prison discipline. An inmate who was to be released in a month suddenly refused to follow an officer?s order. He was promptly placed in segregation for the rest of his prison term. There are no dark holes or bread-and-water routines at Sing Sing—in segregation, the cells and the food are the same as in the rest of the prison. But a man?s movements are restricted. He is kept locked in his cell, isolated from his fellows, and cannot go to the movies or to the commissary.
If a prisoner behaves, he accumulates “good time,” an im portant source of hope for most prisoners. Good time is the time by which, through his own good conduct, a prisoner may reduce his minimum sentence. Good behavior earns a man ten days good time a month. So a prisoner facing a three-to-six-year term would be able to appear before the parole board for possible release at the end of two years.
Release then is not automatic. The parole board must consider many other factors. All that good time does is to guarantee a prisoner the right to appear before the parole board earlier than he otherwise could.
The real importance of good time is that it gives a prisoner the one hope that stirs all SingSing—the hope of earlier parole, the hope of freedom. A prisoner has to hope, “Once you take away a man?s hope, you make a bitter man,” Warden Denno says. That is the problem of Sing Sing:
to punish and yet avoid the deprivation of hope that can make an imprisoned man more desperate, more vengeful, and a greater menace to society.
Questions
What is Sing Sing? Describe in your own words the functions of Sing Sing. Why would Warden Wilfred I. Denno compare running the prison to running a city? What does “good time” refer to? Does it have any importance to the prisoners?
Passage B
To the entire world, nothing seems more completely American than the cowboy. Yet the truth is that the cowboy?s horse, clothes, and trade are all part of the rich heritage contributed by Mexico to her northern neighbor.
Even the word cowboy is a translation of the Mexican term vaquero. The word cowboy was unknown to the American settlers who first headed west to Texas in the 1820?s. These people thought of themselves as farmers. In fact, the only cattle most of them brought were a cow or two for milk and a yoke of oxen to draw their plows. It was their Mexican neighbors—the Tejanos whose herds had roamed the open ranges since the early 1700?s—who introduced them to cattle raising, taught them to use the lariat, the branding iron, and the horned saddle, and showed them how to break the wild mustangs and round up the free-ranging longhorns. So well did the new Texans take to Tejano ways that soon you spoke fig in words if you referred to them as anything as ordinary as mere “farmers.” They had been changed int o saddle-proud ranchers.
Later, as the cattle industry spread all over the West, its Mexican origins were largely forgotten. But even today the language of the rangeland clearly shows how great were the cowboy?s borrowings. Corral, pinto, palomino, mesqui te, bronco, rodeo, mesa, canyon, arroyo, loco, plaza, fiesta, pronto—by the hundreds Mexican words slipped into English with only a change in accent. Borrowed “by ear,” other words underwent weird alterations. From sabe came savvy, jàquima turned into hackamore, chaparajos was shortened to chaps, estampida was converted into stampede, vamos emerged as vamoose, and the juzgado gave birth to hoosegow. Even the famed ten-gallon hat got its name not from some Texan?s tall tale but from a Mexican song about a gaily decorated hat, or sombrero galoneado.
In countless other ways the people of the United States are indebted to the Mexicans who once lived in the old Southwest. There were only seventy-five thousand of them when Mexico ceded the region to the United States, and these were scattered from the Gulf Coast in the east to the shores of the Pacific in the west. They had lived in the borderlands since 1598, more than twenty years before the Pilgrims sailed for the New World. In the course of more than 250 years they had left their mark on the land. Many of the western states in the United States still bear the lovely lyrical names the Mexican settlers first wrote upon their maps. So do countless rivers and
mountains, and thousands of cities and towns—from Corpus Christi in Texas to all the Sans and Santas along the Pacific shore.
Through trial and error, the rugged Mexicans had learned to survive and prosper in the dry, half-desert land; When English-speaking people poured into the region, the Spanish-speaking people shared their knowledge with the new settlers, making things much easier for them. Settlers in other parts of the United States did not have this advantage.
In all the rest of the country, pioneers had to break their own trails. But those who headed west in gold rush days could follow the Santa Fe Trail from the Missouri to the Rockies. In the old settlements of New Mexico, the wagon trains could rest their oxen and replenish their supplies before moving on down the Old Spanish Trail on the Tucson-Yuma route.
In the 1850?s, army engineers were sent west to survey the railroad routes that would link East with West. The northern parties had to find their own way through vast stretches of little-explored territory, but in the Southwest the surveyors merely remapped the trails that had been packed hard over the years by Mexican mule trains. Two major railroads—the Southern Pacific and the Santa Fe—and many main highways were built along the routes made by the early Spanish settlers when they first spread out into the new land.
Early migrants from the East thought of the Southwest as a great desert, a land that had to be passed through, but were hardly to be settled upon. However, they changed their minds when they saw the rich green fields along the Rio Gr ande, fields that had been irrigated since the early 1600?s. In time the newcomers were able to turn even desert into some of the most fertile farmland in the entire nation.
Water laws gave the new settlers some trouble at first. They tried to use a system under which the landowners along the banks of a stream controlled its waters. This system worked well in the water-rich East, but in the dry lands of the Southwest it gave the lucky more water than they needed, while others on higher ground got none at all. In time all the western states had to switch over to the Mexican way—sharing water rights among all the owners whose land could be irrigated.
Western sheep farmers, too, owe a great debt to their forerunners. For the small flocks that the early Mexican settlers had brought to Santa Fe had multiplied into large herds by the time the United States took over the Southwest. New Mexico supplied sheep to ranges all over the country. With the sheep went past ores, who still form a large percentage of the herdsmen in North America. Until the recent introduction of sheep clipping machines, sheep shearing was to a large extent a Mexican skill for which sheep ranchers in the States would bid eagerly.
Mexicans have played an important part not only in cattle and sheep farming, but in mining as well. It was a Mexican who discovered the great Santa Rita copper deposit in New Mexico. Today, miners of Mexican descent still form a major part of the work force in most of the copper mines of the Southwest. In industry, farming, and countless other fields, the United States owes a great deal to her neighbor.
Questions
What is the purpose of this article, to demonstrate what Mexicans gave to the United States or how languages change and grow? Why? What does the fact that Easterners borrowed words such as corral, bronco, and canyon suggest?
Part 4: Writing. （30 POINTS）
Write an essay of about 400 words to comment on the very short story below: Failed SAT. Lost scholarship. Invented rocket. —William Shatner
第2卷：英汉互译
一、词汇翻译（30 POINTS）
OECD
NASA
IAEA
ASEM
UNICEF
ASEAN
APEC
IPR
CEPA
SSM
Subprime Mortgage Crisis Free Trade Agreement bonded warehouse binary opposition Encyclopedia Britannica 《论语》
《红楼梦》
扫黄打非
西部大开发
高度自治
发烧门诊
转基因食品
小排量汽车
温室气体排放
创业板
中国特色社会主义市场经济外交庇护
摸着石头过河
稳健的货币政策
选秀
二、篇章翻译（120 POINTS）
Text A
For the Greeks, beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. Persons then were assumed to be what we now have to call—lamely, enviously—whole persons. If it did occur to the Greeks to distinguish between a person?s “inside” and “outside,” they still expected that inner beauty would be matched by beauty of the other kind. The well-born young Athenians who gathered around Socrates found it quite paradoxical that their hero was so intelligent, so brave, so honorable, so seductive—and so ugly. One of Socrates? ma in pedagogical acts was to be ugly—and to teach those innocent, no doubt splendid-looking disciples of his how full of paradoxes life really was.
They may have resisted Socrates? lesson. We do not. Several thousand years later, we are more wary of the enchantments of beauty. We not only split off—with the greatest facility—the “inside”(character, intellect) from the “outside” (looks); But we are actually surprised when someone who is beautiful is also intelligent, talented, and good.
Text B
Frankly speaking, Adam, I created Eve to tame you. Indeed she is wiser than you because she knows less but understands more. Charm is her strength just as your strength is charm. Doubtless you are active, eager, passionate, variable, progressive and original but she is passive, stable, sympathetic and faithful. In other words you are like animals which use up energy, whereas she is like the plants which store up energy. Henceforth you have got to get along with her willy-nilly in sun and rain, joys and sorrows, peace and turbulence. For you the Rubicon has been crossed. It is up to you now to make the situation a blessing or a curse. I would refuse to entertain any more request from you to take her back.
Text C
新疆维吾尔自治区地处中国西北边陲，亚欧大陆腹地，面积166.49万平方公里，占中国国土面积六分之一，陆地边境线5600公里，周边与8个国家接壤，是古丝绸之路的重要通道。据2000年统计，新疆人口为1925万人，其中汉族以外的其他民族为1096.96万人。新疆自古以来就是一个多民族聚居和多种宗教并存的地区，从西汉（公元前206年—公元24年）起成为中国统一的多民族国家不可分割的组成部分。
Text D
维持生命必须的食物有三类。一是碳水化合物。碳水化合物广泛存在于动、植物，包括糖、淀粉及纤维分子（cellulose），为人类提供能量。碳水化合物还能合成生物过程所必须的葡萄糖和酶（enzymes）。二是脂肪。脂肪是比碳水化合物更为“浓缩”的食物能量，但是，它只作为储存能量而不是立即可用的能量。三是蛋白质。蛋白质是由含碳、氢、氧和氮元素的大分子组成的。蛋白质主要不是用于提供能量，而是组成生命所必须的结构物质。
第3卷：百科写作
一、名词解释（50分）
01. 汉代是我国文学自觉的萌动期，汉赋是汉代文学的代表，政论散文和史传文学也取得了
突出的成就，诗歌远不及前二者，但在文学史上亦有重要地位及影响，尤其是乐府民歌。汉赋经过了骚体赋、大赋、小赋三个发展阶段。代表两汉史传文学的最高成就的是《史记》，在史学、文学方面都有显著的成就，被鲁迅先生誉为“史家之绝唱，无韵之《离骚》”。《汉书》是继《史记》之后我国古代又一部重要史书，与《史记》、《后汉书》、《三国志》并称为“前四史”。
02. 《联合国气候变化框架公约》中将“气候变化”定义为：“经过相当一段时间的观察，
在自然气候变化之外由人类活动直接或间接地改变全球大气组成所导致的气候改变。”1979年，第一次世界气候大会呼吁保护气候；1992年通过的《联合国气候变化框架公约》确立了发达国家与发展中国家“共同但有区别的责任”原则；1997年通过的《京都议定书》确定了发达国家2008—2012年的量化减排指标。在人为因素中，气候变化主要是由于工业革命以来人类活动，特别是发达国家工业化过程的经济活动引起的。化石燃料燃烧和毁林、土地利用变化等人类活动所排放温室气体导致大气温室气体浓度大幅增加，温室效应增强，从而引起全球气候变暖。全球变暖将导致地球气候系统的深刻变化，使人类与生态环境系统之间业已建立起来的相互适应关系受到显著影响和扰动。
03. 二十国集团（G20）伦敦金融峰会2009年4月2日落下帷幕，与会领导人就国际货币
基金组织增资和加强金融监管等、全球携手应对此次金融危机的议题达成多项共识。
二十国集团领导人同意为国际货币基金组织和世界银行等多边金融机构提供总额1.1万亿美元资金，以帮助陷入困境的国家。与此同时，国际货币基金组织将增发2500亿美元特别提款权分配给各成员，以增强流动性，并向发展中的贫穷国家倾斜。此外，二十国集团领导人一致承诺，保持贸易和投资开放，抵制贸易保护主义。与会领导人重申在2008年11月份华盛顿峰会上所做出的承诺，即不设置任何新的投资或贸易壁垒，不采取任何新的出口限制措施，不实行任何违反世贸组织规则的出口刺激措施，并把这一承诺延长至2010年底。
04. 社会主义法治理念主要内容是依法治国、执法为民、公平正义、服务大局和党的领导，
是立法、执法、司法、守法和法律监督等法治领域的基本指导思想。
05. 公元前1世纪，罗马帝国攻占希腊后，吸收了古希腊的科学、哲学、民主、建筑、文学
以及艺术，并在此基础上作进一步的发展。希腊语、拉丁语也随着罗马法传遍了欧洲。
罗马文化融合了日耳曼、斯拉夫以及凯尔特文化。但随着罗马的衰落，希腊与罗马的许多艺术、文学以及科学都消失或被取代了。随着罗马基督教地位的提高，《圣经》成为西方文艺中的核心部分，几乎影响到了西方文化的所有领域。阿拉伯文化保存了一些古希腊和古罗马的知识。随着十字军东征，西班牙、黎凡特的摩尔人所具有的阿拉伯文化对西欧产生影响。终于在14世纪，希腊的文化遗产重又被西欧发现，于是文艺复兴诞生了。
二、应用写作（40分）
根据下面的文字说明写一篇450字左右的应用文，要求包含标题、正文、结尾语、落款等几个要素。假设你是中国长虹集团电子产品海外销售部经理贾俊朋先生。今天你刚刚
从阿里巴巴国际网站上了解到，世界500强之一、全球最大的移动通讯公司——英国沃达丰公司2010年将面向全球采购一款高端手机，数量是100万台。沃达丰公司要求该手机要具备时兴高端款式的所有功能，以满足用户的需求；手机的样式要很好看，能吸引消费者；手机的价钱不能高于目前市场上同等产品的价格，但手机的质量要更好。同时，沃达丰还要求供应商能及时完成交货且售后服务有保证。刚好你们公司生产的一款手机CH880符合上述要求。请以你的名义致函沃达丰公司的采购部经理史密斯先生，极力推荐你们的产品。
三、命题写作（60分）
一个老人在行驶的火车上，不小心把刚买的新鞋弄掉了一只，周围的人都为他惋惜。不料那老人立即把第二只鞋从窗口扔了出去，让人大吃一惊。老人解释道：“这一只鞋无论多么昂贵，对我来说也没有用了，如果有谁捡到一双鞋，说不定还能穿呢！”放弃是一种选择，有时候，放弃比坚持更需要勇气！请以“放弃也需要勇气”为题，写一篇不少于800字的作文。
2011四川大学翻译硕士
百科
新青年新文化运动胡适狂人日记欧洲文艺复兴工业革命但丁米开朗基罗存款准备金
利率贸
易顺差外商直接投资宏观调控世博会上海世博会知识产权民商法
应用文是写索赔函
作文是混乱的价值~
翻译硕士
阅读四篇
第一篇为数学在日常生活中随处可见
第二篇为台风名字来由
第三篇为患有八十天作者的介绍
第四篇为左撇子
作文 2013
翻译基础
解释的词有
IOC CAAC CPPCC NBA UNEP FBI purchasing power parity "三农"工作伪娘大规模杀伤性
武器易经京都议定书经济适用房中国达人秀 African Union Fannie Mae& Freddie
Mac MDGs 亚运会可再生资源第十一届全国人民代表大会第三次会议
英翻汉一篇是动物实验一篇是归纳问题
汉翻译一篇是西部论坛的讲话一篇是新闻网络
2012年汉语写作与百科知识
第一部分百科知识（50?）
请简要解释以下段落中划线部分的知识点：
1、宋词是继唐诗后的又一种文学体裁，兼有文学与音乐两方面的特点，是中国古代文学皇冠上光辉夺目的一颗宝石，历来与唐诗并称双绝，代表一代文学之盛。按照传统的风格进行划分，宋词可以划分为“豪放派”和“婉约派”，至苏轼时期达到其发展高峰。后辑有《全宋词》荟萃宋代三百年间的词作。
2、在公元1、2世纪，罗马统治者认为基督教无非是犹太人的教派，对基督教和犹太教一律迫害。自君士坦丁大帝定基督教为国教后，特别是从6世纪起，基督教迫害犹太教，历次十字军东征把犹太人与穆斯林同样视为敌人。2世纪以后，基督教又从希腊文化吸取营养。柏拉图对现实世界的唯心主义解释，亚里士多德关于存在和知识的论述，都渗入基督教义。
3、美国是世界上教育产业化最发达的国家之一，是全球拥有外国留学生最多的国家。在众多院校中，“常春藤盟校”最受学生青睐，为世界各地学生所追捧。翻开美国历史，不难发现，这些名校都是盛产美国总统的摇篮：西奥多·罗斯福、比尔·克林顿、乔治·布什、以及现任总统奥巴马等十几位总统。除了培养总统之外，这些学校还培养了大量的诺贝尔奖、普利策奖得主，各政界要人、经济学家、商业领袖，以及活跃在各个领域上的精英份子。
4、欧美地区是国际上主要的离岸业务发包市场，而语言能力目前是中国服务外包产业在国际市场竞争中处于劣势的主要因素之一，因此，提高语言能力是中国成为国际离岸外包交付地的必要手段。语言服务行业能够成为服务外包企业的国际化助力。事实上，语言服务行业，特别是本地化服务行业本身就是服务外包的一种类型。客户方与服务方之间的深入沟通将有助于双方建立起战略性合作伙伴关系，从而有效地推动经济全球化。
5、当前，欧洲债务危机的蔓延和发酵已演变为一场信心危机，导致全球市场动荡。在国际货币基金组织和世界银行2011年年度会议年会上，各国代表一致强烈呼吁欧元区和欧盟国家要正视负债过度问题，而且必须迅速采取行动，解决欧债危机，以避免危机向全球经济扩散的巨大风险。年会期间，金砖国家财长和央行行长会议决定，在必要时对通过IMF和其他国际组织提供帮助持开放态度，但具体情况应视国情而定。二十国集团财经领导人也发表声明，各国央行将做好准备，在有需要时向银行提供流动性，确保银行业能够获得资金应对当前风险。市场普遍认为，这些消息传递了积极的信号，表明发达经济体与新兴经济体的合作势头在上升。
6、“国学”一词产生于20世纪20年代，适逢“西学东渐”改良之风正炽。张之洞、魏源等