中考英语语法主谓一致讲解教案
中考英语语法主谓一致讲解教案
一、考点分析
主谓一致在中考考查的比较多，通常出现在选择题里，分值为1-2 分。
二、专题详解
◆◆【知识梳理】
定义：在英语中，句子的主语和谓语动词要保持数上的一致关系，叫主谓一致。这种关系通常要遵循下面三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，邻近原则。
种类：
1．语法形式上的一致
主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。
The number of the students present is 200.
Jane and Mary look alike.
2．意义上一致
1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如：The crowd were shouting.
单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people, police, cattle 等。
2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。The news was so surprising.
形复意单的单词有news 和一些以ics 结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics, economics
3．就近原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or，either ?or, neither ?not,
not only ?but als等o连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的
主语
Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this.
◆◆【重点讲解】
邻近原则
（一）就前一致: （即谓语动词与前面的中心词一致）
名词 A ++ 名词 B ，
这样的结构做主语，谓语动词仅与 A 一致。
1) _____________________________________ .Mary, together with her parents,
( like)basketball.
2) ___________________________________ .The teacher as well as her students (be) fond of popular music very much.
3) ________________________ . All but Tom (pass) the exam
4) ________________________________ .He, rather than you, (win the game)
（二）就后一致: （即谓语动词与后面的中心词一致）
+ 名词
作主语时，谓语动词取决于后面名词的数
1) _____________________________________ .One third of the students in our class (be) boys.
2) ________________________________________ .Seventy percent of the surface of the earth ___________________________________________ (be) covered with / by water.
3) _________________________________ .Half of the money (use) by Tom.
4) .Some students are studying in the classroom, while the rest ____ enjoying the performances.
(三) 就近一致：
?or ?either ??or ??
neither?.no ?not??but
连接的词作主语，谓语动词与最邻近的主语一致
1) _____ . (be) you or he to attend tomorrow ' sm eeting?
2) ____________________ .Either you or he (be) the winner.
3) ______________________________ .Neither Mary nor her parents (go) in for rock
music.
4) _________ .There (be) a pen and some books on the table.
◆◆【难点讲解】
1. 集合名词如family, team, class, group, population 作主语, 如果作为一个整体看
待, 谓语用单数. 如果指集体里每一个成员,谓语用复数.
1) ______________ .Our class a big one.
Our class ______ fond of music.
2) __________________________ . The population of China far larger than that of
Japan.
Eighty percent of the population in China _________ farmers
3) __________________ . What we need hard work.
What we need _____ suitable materials.
4) ____________. Such what he told me.
Such ________ his words.
5) _________________ . The following his advice on learning English.
The following ______ some tips to learn English
2. 单复数同形的词如sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, means方（法,手段）, works （著作, 工厂）作主语, 谓语动词应根据上下文取决单复数.
1).Every means ____ been tried to solve the problem.
All means ______ been tried to solve the problem.
2).There _____( be) a newly- built chemical works.
3. 一些总是以复数出现, 成双成对的事物如trousers, shoes, glasses, gloves 等如果单独出现, 谓语用复数,如果前面有 a / this / that pair of 修饰, 谓语用单数.
1).The trousers ________ (be) mine.
This pair of trousers ___ ( be)mine.
2). Apples of this kind ______ (sell) well.
This kind of apples _____ (sell) well.
3) _______________________ . A number of people (own) cars now.
The number of people who own cars _______________ (increase)every year.
4) ______________________ . A singer and dancer (have) been invited to the party.
A singer and a dancer ______ (have) been invited to the party.
5) ________________________________ . Tom is one of the worker who (be) fired by the
company last week.
Tom is the only one of the workers who ________ (be) fired by the company last
week
需要注意的特殊情况：
1．表示时间、重量、数目、价格、长度、数学运算等的词或词组作主语时，尽管它们
是复数形式，但如果把这些复数形式的词或词组看作是一个整体，谓语动词就用单数形式。如：
Three weeks is a short time ．三个星期是很短的时间。
Five years is a long time to wait for an answer ．为了等待一个答复 4 年时间够长的。
The Selected Poems of Li Bai was published long ago ．李白诗集很久以前就出版了。
25,000 miles is a long distance ．两万五千里是很长的一段路程。
2．动词不定式、动名词、从句或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：
What we want is some water ．我们需要水。
To say something is usually easier than to do something ．说一些事往往要比做一些事容易。
To see is to believe．眼见为实。
Whether he will come is still unknown ．他是否会来还不知道。注：
①当若干个动词不定式，动名词或主语从句被and 连接起来当主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如：
What he says and what he does don ．' 他t a言gr行ee不一致。
Where he comes from and what he is doing here are secrets ．他来自哪儿和他在这儿干什么都是谜。
②由what 引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容若是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如：
What we need is more time ．
What we need are doctors ．
3．由and 连接两个单词作主语时，要看其表示的意义来决定谓语动词用单数还是用复数形式。如果表示的是一个整体的概念或指的是同一事物，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示的是两个不同的对象时，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：
Danish bacon and egg makes a good meal．丹麦咸肉炖蛋成了一顿美餐。（咸肉炖蛋看作一道菜肴。）
the writer and the teacher are coming ．作家和老师走来了。（作家和老师是两个人。）注：当and 连接的并列单数主语前分别有every, each, no, many a 修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
In our country, every boy and every girl has the right to receive education ．
在我们国家，男孩女孩都有受教育权。
Each man and each woman in this office is asked to attend the party ．
办公室里的人无论男女都被邀请出席晚会。
4．集合名词people（人、人民），police 一般看作复数意义，谓语动词要用复数形式。另外一些集合名词，如family ，enemy，class，population ，army 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式，要根据这些词在句中的实际含义而定。当它们表示的是整体意义时，谓语动词用单数形式；当它们强调或着重指个体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：
Are there any police around ？附近有警察吗？
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