实验室常用英文术语资料

实验室常用英文术语资料
实验室常用英文术语资料

实验室常用英文术语

1. 1.当你进入国外的实验室之前,如果不能熟练掌握实验过程中相关物品的英文名称及读音,你与同处一室的技术人员之间必将产生强烈的交流障碍,实验效率也将因此大打折扣。这里我汇总了数篇文章的相关内容,并结合自己实验室的情况,补充了大量词汇,希望对即将出国留学的生物学科研人员有所帮助。欢迎大家补充指正。

一.容器与耗材(vessel & consumable material)

小瓶vial

量杯measuring cup

烧杯beaker

量筒measuring flask/measuring cylinderer 坩埚crucible

坩埚钳crucible clamp

试管test tube

漏斗funnel

比色皿cuvette

鱼缸aquarium

烧瓶flask

锥形瓶conical flask

塞子stopper/plug

洗瓶plastic wash bottle

玻璃活塞stopcock

试剂瓶reagent bottles

玻棒glass rod

搅拌棒stirring rod

容量瓶volumetric flask/measuring flask 移液管(one-mark) pipette

吸液管pipette

滤器filter

滤纸filter paper

培养皿culture dish

移液枪pipette

移液枪枪头pipette tips

剃刀刀片razor blade

手术刀scalpel

垃圾袋disposable bag

垃圾桶garbage bin

橡皮筋rubber band

托盘Tray

铝箔aluminium foil

洗耳球rubber suction bulb

保鲜膜preservative film

研磨钵mortar 研杵pestle

小滴管dropper

蒸馏装置distilling apparatus

桶bucket

广口瓶wide-mouth bottle

离心机转子rotor

试管架test tube holder/rack

酒精灯alcohol burner

酒精喷灯blast alcohol burner

搅拌装置stirring device

石蜡封口膜Parafilm

微量离心管(EP管)Eppendorf tube 载玻片Slide

盖玻片Cover glass

离心管Centrifuge tube

电泳槽Gel tank

电线Electrical leads

牙签Toothpick

螺丝钉Screw

锁紧螺母Nut, Cap nut

复印纸Copy paper

复写纸Carbon paper

钉Nail

试管刷test-tube brush

计时器Timer

闹钟Alarm clock

U形钉Staple

衣服挂钩Coat hanger

电泳用的梳子Comb

扳手Shifting spanner

订书机Stapler

订书钉staple

圆珠笔芯Refill

灯泡Globe

记号笔marker pen

注射器syringe

注射器活塞plunger

铁架台iron support

万能夹extension clamp

止水夹flatjaw pinchcock

圆形漏斗架cast-iron ring

橡胶管rubber tubing

药匙lab spoon

镊子forceps/ tweezers

蜂鸣器buzzer

架子shelf

剪刀scissor

打孔器stopper borer

移液吸管serological pipette

血球计数板hemocytometer

pH试纸universal ph indicator paper 称量纸weighing paper

透明胶带sellotape

筛子sieve

网眼mesh

格子grid

擦镜纸wiper for lens

水银温度计mercury-filled thermometer 白大褂white gown

真空泵vacuum pump

水浴锅water bath kettle

口罩respirator

电极electrode

阳极,正极anode

阴极,负极cathode

二.实验操作(manipulation):

丢弃discard

转移容器decant

吸出aspirate

吹吸blowing and suction

离心收集pellet

重悬resuspend

絮状沉淀flocculent precipitate 浑浊的turbid

烘bake

灭菌sterilize

均质化homogenize

分装aliquot

培养foster

通风ventilate

冷却chill down

稀释dilute

洗脱elute

孵育incubate

超声破碎ultrasonication

淬灭quench

裂解物Lysate

沉淀物Sediment

上清Supernatant

小滴droplet

一批batch

色谱chromatograph

沉淀precipitate 接种inoculate

探针probe

蒸馏distil/distill

搅拌Stir/agitate

旋转swirl/ spin

中和neutralize

校准calibrate

平衡equilibrate

结块、块状沉淀clump

粘稠的viscous

漂洗rinse

脱水dehydrate

发酵fermentation

溶解dissolve

燃烧combustion

水解hydrolysis

过滤filtrate

浓缩condense

催化剂catalyst

研磨grind

破碎crush

催化作用catalysis

分解dissolution

涡旋震荡Vortex

电泳Electrophoresis

抽滤suction filtration

电转化electrotransformation

收菌harvest

切碎chop/mince

灌注perfusion

浆液slurry 三.仪器(apparatus)

恒温循环仪Thermostatic circulator

空调机Air conditioner

pH计pH meter

照度计(测量荧光素酶酶活) luminometer 磁力搅拌器magnetic stirrer

烘箱oven

微波炉microwave oven

电磁炉electromagnetic oven

凝胶系统Gel system

电子天平Electronic balance

转接器Adapter

离心机centrifuge

盖子lid/ cap

封口设备Sealing equipment

复印机Duplicator, copying machine

超净工作台super clean bench

通风橱fume cupboard

药柜Cupboard

高压蒸汽灭菌器autoclave

电泳电源Electrophoresis power supply 紫外灯Ultraviolet illumination

真空泵Vacuum pump

天平balance/scale 分析天平analytical balance

台秤platform balance

涡旋振荡器Vortexing machine

CO2培养箱CO2 Incubators

电子显微镜Electro Microscopy

电泳仪Electrophoresis System

恒流泵constant flow pump

解剖镜anatomical lens

PCR仪Thermocycler

倒置显微镜Inverted Microscope

核磁共振波谱仪Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer

光学显微镜Optical Microscopy

摇床Shaker

培养箱incubator

超滤器Ultrahigh Purity Filter

超低温冰箱Ultra-low Temperature Freezer

超声破碎仪Ultrasonic Cell Disruptor

紫外观察灯Ultraviolet Lamp

紫外-可见光分光光度计UV-Visible Spectrophotometer

计算器calculator/numerator

四.化学试剂(reagent)

1、氨基酸

丙氨酸alanine (Ala, A)

缬氨酸valine (Val, V)

亮氨酸leucine (Leu, L)

异亮氨酸isoleucine (Ile,I)

脯氨酸proline (Pro, P)

苯丙氨酸phenylalanine (Phe, F)色氨酸tryptophan (Trp, W)

蛋氨酸methionine (Met, M)

甘氨酸glycine (Gly, G)

丝氨酸serine (Ser, S)

苏氨酸threonine (Thr, T)

半胱氨酸cysteine (Cys, C)

酪氨酸tyrosine (Tyr, Y)天冬氨酸asparagines (Asn, N) 谷氨酰胺glutamine (Gln, Q)

赖氨酸lysine (Lys, K)

精氨酸arginine (Arg, R)

组氨酸histidine (His, H)

天冬氨酸aspartic acid (Asp, D) 谷氨酸glutamic acid (Glu, E) 2、核苷酸

腺苷adenosine

鸟嘌呤核苷guanosine

胞苷cytidine

胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷thymidine 尿嘧啶核苷uridine

脱氧deoxy-

3、其他化学试剂

二甲苯Xylene

冰乙酸Acetic acid glacial

硼酸Boric acid

氯化钙Calcium chloride

巯基乙醇mercaptoethanol

咪唑Imidazole

盐酸胍guanidine hydrochloride

无水乙醇absolute ethanol

乙酸钠Sodium acetate

氯化钠Sodium chloride

生理盐水physiological saline

洗涤剂detergent

十二烷基磺酸钠Sodium dodecyl sulphate 盐酸hydrochloric acid

氢氧化钠sodium hydrate/hydroxide

胰蛋白胨Tryptone

酵母提取物yeast extract

琼脂Agar

甘油glycerin

内毒素endotoxin

两性霉素amphotericin

氨苄Ampicillin

肝素heparin 卡那霉素Kanamycin

胰蛋白酶Trypsin

溴化乙锭ethidium bromide

胰岛素Insulin

树脂resin

糖类saccharide

蔗糖Sucrose

醋酸钾Potassium acetate

异丙醇Isopropanol

醋酸铵Ammonium acetate

异戊醇Isoamyl alcohol

氯仿Chloroform

甲醇methanol

遗传霉素geneticin

糖原glycogen

血清serum

高锰酸钾potassium hypermanganate 考马斯亮蓝Coomassie brilliant blue 液氮liquid nitrogen

次氯酸钠clorox

苯酚phenol

阴离子anion

碱性alkalinity

实验室常用英语-化学生物类

1. 2. 来美国学习遇到了一个很郁闷的事:走进实验室跟别人交流非常困难,自己做实验也是磕磕碰碰。一个很大的原因就是一些实验仪器或是药品的名称不知道怎么说,以前学英文从来没有学这些内容。郁闷之余,我在网上搜集了一些相关仪器和药品的中英对照,与大家一起学习分享,希望对学化学生物类的朋友有些帮助。由于药品种类繁多,各人使用相关也很大,以下仅列仪器部分。

容器类:

量杯measuring cup

烧杯beaker

不锈钢杯stainless-steel beaker

量筒measuring flask/measuring cylinder 量筒graduated flask/measuring cylinder 坩埚crucible

坩埚钳crucible clamp

坩埚crucible pot, melting pot

试管test tube 试管架test tube holder

漏斗funnel

分液漏斗separatory funnel 烧瓶flask

锥形瓶conical flask

塞子stopper

洗瓶plastic wash bottle

滴定管burette

玻璃活塞stopcock

冷凝器condenser

试剂瓶reagent bottles

玻棒glass rod

搅拌棒stirring rod

蒸馏烧瓶distilling flask

碘量瓶iodine flask

表面皿watch glass

蒸发皿evaporating dish

容量瓶volumetric flask/measuring flask 移液管(one-mark) pipette

刻度移液管graduated pipettes

称量瓶weighing bottle

吸液管pipette

滤管filter

天平balance/scale

分析天平analytical balance

台秤platform balance

游码crossbeams and sliding weights

酒精灯alcohol burner

酒精喷灯blast alcohol burner

搅拌装置stirring device

洗耳球rubber suction bulb

研磨钵mortar

研磨棒pestle

玛瑙研钵agate mortar

瓷器porcelain

白细口瓶flint glass solution bottle with

stopper

滴瓶dropping bottle

小滴管dropper

蒸馏装置distilling apparatus

蒸发器evaporator

试验用器材:

升降台lab jack

铁架台iron support

万能夹extension clamp

蝴蝶夹double-buret clamp

双顶丝clamp regular holder

止水夹flatjaw pinchcock

圆形漏斗架cast-iron ring

移液管架pipet rack

试管架tube rack

沸石boiling stone

橡胶管rubber tubing

药匙lab spoon

镊子forceps

坩埚钳crucible tong

剪刀scissor

打孔器stopper borer

石棉网asbestos-free wire gauze

电炉丝wire coil for heater

脱脂棉absorbent cottonph

ph试纸universal ph indicator paper 滤纸filter paper

称量纸weighing paper

擦镜纸wiper for lens

秒表stopwatch

量杯glass graduates with scale 白滴定管(酸)flint glass burette with glass stopcock

棕色滴定管(酸)brown glass burette with glass stopcock

白滴定管(碱)flint glass burette for alkali 棕色滴定管(碱)brown glass burette for alkali

比重瓶specific gravity bottle

水银温度计mercury-filled thermometer

ph计ph meter

折光仪refractometer

真空泵vacuum pump

冷、热浴bath

离心机centrifuge

口罩respirator

防毒面具respirator、gasmask

磁力搅拌器magnetic stirrer

电动搅拌器power basic stirrer

烘箱oven

闪点仪flash point tester

马弗炉furnace

电炉heater

微波炉电热套heating mantle

Bunsen burner 本生灯

product 化学反应产物

apparatus 设备

PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂

matrass 卵形瓶

litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸burette 滴定管

retort 曲颈甑

still 蒸馏釜

cupel 烤钵

化学反应:

analysis 分解

fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀

to precipitate 沉淀

to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏

to calcine 煅烧

to oxidize 氧化

alkalinization 碱化

to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化to neutralize 中和

to hydrogenate 氢化

to hydrate 水合,水化

to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵

solution 溶解

combustion 燃烧

fusion, melting 熔解

alkalinity 碱性

isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象

hydrolysis 水解

electrolysis 电解

electrode 电极

anode 阳极,正极

cathode 阴极,负极

catalyst 催化剂

catalysis 催化作用

oxidization, oxidation 氧化

reducer 还原剂

dissolution 分解

synthesis 合成

reversible 可逆的

仪器中英文对照

Aging Property Tester 老化性能测定仪

Amino Acid Analyzer 氨基酸组成分析仪

Analyzer for Clinic Medicine Concentration 临床药物浓度仪Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy 原子吸收光谱仪

Atomic Emission Spectrometer 原子发射光谱仪

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy 原子荧光光谱仪Automatic Titrator 自动滴定仪

Basic Physics 基本物理量测定

Biochemical Analyzer 生化分析仪Biochemicalanalysis 生物技术分析

Bio-reactor 生物反应器

Blood-gas Analyzer 血气分析仪

Centrifuge 离心机

ChemiluminescenceApparatus 化学发光仪

CHN Analysis 环境成分分析仪

CO2 Incubators CO2培养箱

Combustion PropertyTester 燃烧性能测定仪

Conductivity Meter 电导仪

Constant Temperature Circulator 恒温循环泵

Direct Current Plasma Emission Spectrometer 直流等离子体发射光谱仪

DNA Sequencers DNA测序仪

DNA synthesizer DNA合成仪

Electrical Property Tester 电性能测定仪

Electro Microscopy 电子显微镜

Electrolytic Analyzer 电解质分析仪

Electron Energy Disperse Spectroscopy 电子能谱仪

Electron Paramagnetic ResonanceSpectrometer 电子顺磁共振波谱仪Electrophoresis 电泳

Electrophoresis System 电泳仪

ELIASA 酶标仪

Energy Disperse Spectroscopy 能谱仪

Fermenter 发酵罐

Flow Analytical and Process AnalyticalChemistry 流动分析与过程分析

Fraction Collector 部分收集器

FreezeDrying Equipment 冻干机

FT-IR Spectrometer 傅里叶变换红外光谱仪

FT-Raman Spectrometer 傅里叶变换拉曼光谱仪

Gas Analysis 气体分析

Gas Chromatograph 气相色谱仪

GC-MS 气相色谱-质谱联用仪

Gel PermeationChromatograph 凝胶渗透色谱仪

HighPressure/Performance Liquid Chromatography 高压/效液相色谱仪Hybridization Oven 分子杂交仪

ICP-MS ICP-质谱联用仪

Inductive Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer 电感偶合等离子体发射光谱仪Instrument for Nondestructive Testing 无损检测仪

Instrument for Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR仪

Inverted Microscope 倒置显微镜

Ion Chromatograph 离子色谱仪

Isotope X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer 同位素X荧光光谱仪

LC-MS 液相色谱-质谱联用仪

Mass Spectrometer 质谱仪

Mechanical Property Tester 机械性能测定仪

Metal/material elemental analysis 金属/材料元素分析仪

Metallurgical Microscopy 金相显微镜

Microwave Inductive Plasma Emission Spectrometer 微波等离子体光谱仪Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer 核磁共振波谱仪

Optical Microscopy 光学显微镜

Optical PropertyTester 光学性能测定仪

Other/Miscellaneous 其他

Particle Size Analyzer 粒度分析仪

PCR Amplifier PCR仪

Peptide synthesizer 多肽合成仪

pH Meter pH计

PhysicalProperty Analysis 物性分析

Polarograph 极谱仪

Protein Sequencer 氨基酸测序仪

Rheometer 流变仪

Sample Handling 样品处理

Scanning Probe Microscopy FG|8oU 扫描探针显微镜

Sensors 传感器

Sequencers and Synthesizers for DNA and Protein DNA及蛋白质的测序和合成仪Shaker 摇床

Size Exclusion Chromatograph 体积排阻色谱

Surface Science 表面科学

SurfaceAnalyzer 表面分析仪

Thermal Analyzer 热分析仪

Thermal Physical Property Tester 热物理性能测定仪

Ultrahigh Purity Filter 超滤器

Ultra-low Temperature Freezer 超低温冰箱

Ultrasonic Cell Disruptor 超声破碎仪

Ultraviolet Detector 紫外检测仪

UltravioletLamp 紫外观察灯

Urine Analyzer 尿液分析仪

UV-Visible Spectrophotometer 紫外-可见光分光光度计

Viscometer 粘度计

Voltammerter 伏安仪

Water Test Kits 水质分析仪

X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer X射线荧光光谱仪

X-RayDiffractomer X射线衍射仪

分子生物学实验室常用仪器物品英文词汇

口罩 respirator

试验管 tube

耐酸橡胶手套 rubber gloves

试管架 test tube rack

药匙 lab spoon

洗瓶 plastic wash bottle

钳子 pliers

玻璃搅棒 glass stirring stick 扳子 spanne

研钵 mortars

螺丝刀 screw driver 研棒 pestles

多用电源插座 multi-purpose socket 冰盒 ice box

复印纸 copy paper

液氮罐 Dewar flask

笔记本 note book

记号笔 marker pen

培养皿 culture dish

夹子 clip

皮氏培养皿 petri dish

擦镜纸 wiper for lens

培养三角瓶 culture flask

标签纸 paper label

接种环 inoculating loop

打火机 lighter

接种针 inoculating needle

温度计 thermometer

过滤灭菌器 syringe filters

定时器 timer

镊子 forceps

棉线(细绳) cotton rope

剪刀 scissors

橡皮圈 rubber band

解剖刀片 scalpel blade

清洁布 rag

解剖刀柄 scalpel handle

牛皮纸 kraft paper

酒精灯 alcohol burner

塑料筐 plastic basker

样品推车 lab cart

塑料桶 plastic basin

保温桶 thermos

封口膜 parafilm wrap and dispenser 不锈钢盘 stainless steel tray

塑料膜 plastic film

搪瓷盘 enamel tray

保鲜膜 cling film

铝箔纸 aluminum foil

烧杯 beaker

脱脂棉 absorbent cotton

三角瓶、烧瓶 flask

容量瓶 volumetric flask

铁架台 iron support

量筒 graduated cylinder

石棉网 asbestos board

移液器 pipette

玻璃干燥器 glass desiccator

移液管 serological pipette

三角漏斗 funnel

吸耳球 bulb for pipet

布氏漏斗 buchner funnel

移液管架 pipet rack

玻璃漏斗 glass funnel

离心管架 centrifuge tube rack

酸碱滴定管 Burette 天平 balance

安全帽 safety helmet

分析天平 analytical balance

工作服 lab coat

称量瓶 weighting bottle

工作鞋 footware

称量纸 weighing paper

隔热手套 heat insulation gloves

比重计 hydrometer

体重计 body weight scales

酸度计 pH meter

pH试纸 pH indicator paper

升降台 lab jack

电磁搅拌器 magnetic stirring

电磁搅棒 magnetic stirring bar

匀浆器 homogenixe

摇床 shaker

水浴摇床 reciprocating shaker bath

涡旋振荡器 vortex mixer

离心机 centrifuge

烘箱 oven

低温水浴 refrigerating circulator

冰箱 refrigerator

超低温冰箱ultra-low temperature freezer

培养箱 incubator

分光光度计 spectrophotometer

石英比色杯 quartz cuvette

超声波清洗器 ultrasonic cleaner

杂交炉 hybridization oven

手机配置表英文专业术语解说

一些对智能手机不那么了解的用户,在购买一台手机前要不就是会咨询身边对手机还比较熟悉的朋友,要不就是到网上查询一下手机型号的参数配置。但是有很多网友反映说,这不上网查看手机配置还好,简单的凭个手机外观就把手机给买下了。但是一看,更懵了,更多的问题出现了,什么GSM、WCDMA、CPU、GPU、RAM、ROM···头更大了。这些个英文字母看上去区别不大,但是不好好理解它们的意思要分清楚它们还真是有点困难。这篇文章小编将对手机配置表中那些个简单但是又很相似的英文进行一下简单的科普。 GSM和WCDMA GSM:全球移动通讯系统:Global System of Mobile communication的简称。GSM 较之它以前的标准最大的不同是他的信令和语音信道都是数字式的,因此GSM被看作是第二代(2G)移动电话系统。就是我们口中俗称的2G。 WCDMA:其实就是联通3G,是英文Wideband Code Division Multiple Access(宽带码分多址)的英文简称,是一种第三代无线通讯技术。W-CDMAWideband CDMA 是一种由3GPP具体制定的,基于GSM MAP核心网,UTRAN(UMTS陆地无线接入网)为无线接口的第三代移动通信系统。目前中国联通采用的此种3G通讯标准,是目前3G存在的四种标准之一。 我们通常看到的智能手机的配置都是同时支持GSM和WCDMA这两种网络模式,也就是说2GSIM卡和联通的3GSIM卡能被这个手机所使用。 CPU和GPU CPU:手机CPU在日常生活中都是被购物者所忽略的手机性能之一,其实一部性能卓越的智能手机最为重要的肯定是它的“芯”也就是CPU,如同电脑CPU一样,它是整台手机的控制中枢系统,也是逻辑部分的控制中心。微处理器通过运行存储器内的软件及调用存储器内的数据库,达到控制目的。 GPU:英文全称Graphic Processing Unit,中文翻译为“图形处理器”。以前的智能机,其实都是不带显示核心的,所有的软件、游戏都是由CPU进行处理,呈现在屏幕上。但是CPU的图形处理能力非常低。但是随着近几年智能机的高速发展,3D加速芯片的引入为智能机的娱乐性注入了强大的生命力。用户可以流畅地运行各种3D游戏和3D应用程序。而这种3D加速芯片早已演化成真正意义上的GPU(Graphic Processing Unit,图形处理器)。不仅仅是负责必要的3D处理,还将管理所有图形显示功能,并且还提供了视频播放、视频录制和照相时的辅助处理。使得系统的3D性能得到极大的提升。所以,手机GPU的诞生,是移动市场的一次大革命。

和老外聊天、发邮件常用英语缩写

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橡皮筋rubber band 托盘Tray 铝箔aluminium foil 洗耳球rubber suction bulb 保鲜膜preservative film 研磨钵mortar 研杵pestle 小滴管dropper 蒸馏装置distilling apparatus 桶bucket 广口瓶wide-mouth bottle 离心机转子rotor 试管架test tube holder/rack 酒精灯alcohol burner 酒精喷灯blast alcohol burner 搅拌装置stirring device 石蜡封口膜Parafilm 微量离心管(EP管)Eppendorf tube 载玻片Slide 盖玻片Cover glass 离心管Centrifuge tube 电泳槽Gel tank 电线Electrical leads 牙签Toothpick 螺丝钉Screw 锁紧螺母Nut, Cap nut 复印纸Copy paper 复写纸Carbon paper 钉Nail 试管刷test-tube brush 计时器Timer 闹钟Alarm clock U形钉Staple 衣服挂钩Coat hanger 电泳用的梳子Comb 扳手Shifting spanner 订书机Stapler 订书钉staple 圆珠笔芯Refill 灯泡Globe 记号笔marker pen 注射器syringe 注射器活塞plunger 铁架台iron support 万能夹extension clamp 止水夹flatjaw pinchcock 圆形漏斗架cast-iron ring 橡胶管rubber tubing

(完整版)数据库重要术语(中英文)

单词汇总(数据库专业一点的词汇其实主要就是每章后面review items的内容,在这里简单列一 下,如果你实在没时间看书,至少这些单词要认识。): 1. 数据库系统:database system(DS),database ma nageme nt system(DBMS) 2. 数据库系统(DS),数据库管理系统(DBMS) 3. 关系和关系数据库table= relation,column = attribute 属性,domain, atomic domain, row= tuple , relati onal database, relati on schema, relati on in sta nee, database schema, database in sta nee; 4. 表=关系,列=属性属性,域,原子域,排=元组,关系型数据库,关系模式,关系实例,数 据库模式,数据库实例; 1. key 们:super key, can didate key, primary key, foreig n key, referencing relati on, referen ced relati on; 2. 超码,候选码,主码,外码,参照关系,被参照关系 5. 关系代数(relational algebra): selection, project, natural join, Cartesian product, set operations, union, in tersect, set differe nee ( except\m in us), Ren ame, assig nment, outer join, group ing, tuple relati on calculus 6. (关系代数):选择,项目,自然连接,笛卡尔积,集合运算,集,交集,集合差(除负), 重命名,分配,外连接,分组,元组关系演算 7. sql组成: DDL :数据库模式定义语言,关键字:create DML :数据操纵语言,关键字:Insert、delete、update DCL :数据库控制语言,关键字:grant、remove DQL :数据库查询语言,关键字:select 8. 3. SQL 语言:DDL,DML,DCL,QL,sql query structure, aggregate functions, nested subqueries, exists(as an operator), uni que(as an operator), scalar subquery, asserti on, in dex(i ndices), catalogs, authorization, all privileges, granting, revoking , grant option, trigger, stored procedure, stored fun cti on 4. SQL语言:DDL,DML,DCL,QL,SQL查询结构,聚合函数,嵌套子查询,存在(如运 营商),独特的(如运营商),标量子查询,断言指数(指数) ,目录,授权,所有权限,授 予,撤销,GRANT OPTION,触发器,存储过程,存储函数 8. 表结构相关:Integrity constraints, domain constraints, referential integrity constraints 9. 完整性约束,域名约束,参照完整性约束 5. 数据库设计(ER 模型):Entity-Relationship data model, ER diagram, composite attribute, sin gle-valued and multivalued attribute, derived attribute, binary relati on ship set, degree of relati on ship set, mapp ing card in ality, 1-1, 1-m, m-n relati on ship set (one to one, one to many, many to many), participati on, partial or total participati on, weak en tity sets, discrim in ator attributes, specialization and generalization 6. 实体关系数据模型,ER图,复合属性,单值和多值属性,派生属性,二元关系集,关系集, 映射基数的程度,1-1,1-米,MN关系集合(一对一,一对多,多对多) ,参与部分或全部参与,弱实体集,分辨符属性,特化和概化 10. 函数依赖理论:functional dependence, normalization, lossless join (or lossless) decomposition, First Normal Form (1NF), the third normal form (3NF), Boyce-codd normal form (BCNF), R satisfies F, F

邮件里常用的英文缩写

邮件里常用的英文缩写 1. CC 抄送 Literal meaning: Carbon Copy. When used in an e-mail, it means to send a copy of the e-mail to someone else. Hidden meaning: If you are on the CC list, you may simply read the e-mail. You're not always obligated to reply. But if an e-mail sent to you has your boss' e-mail on the CC list, watch out. When the boss is involved, you'd better take the e-mail more seriously. 2. FYI 供你参考 Literal meaning: For your information. Hidden meaning: By adding "FYI", the sender indicates that the e-mail contains information that may be valuable to your company or job responsibilities. 3. ASAP / urgent 紧急文件 Literal meaning: As soon as possible. Hidden meaning: When you see "ASAP" or "urgent" in an e-mail or document, you should quickly carry out the e-mail's orders. 4. RESEND! 重传9(9\kQj{C Literal meaning: Please resend your reply to me. i;

实验室常用英文术语集锦

实验室常用英文术语集锦 容器与耗材vessel & consumablematerial 小瓶vial量杯measuring cup烧杯beaker量筒measuring flask/measuring cylinderer坩埚crucible坩埚钳crucible clamp试管test tube漏斗funnel比色皿cuvette鱼缸aquarium烧瓶flask锥形瓶conical flask塞子stopper/plug 洗瓶plastic wash bottle玻璃活塞stopcock试剂瓶reagent bottles玻棒glass rod搅拌棒stirringrod容量瓶volumetric flask/measuring flask移液管(one-mark) pipette吸液管pipette滤器filter滤纸filter paper培养皿culture dish移液枪pipette移液枪枪头pipette tips剃刀刀片razorblade手术刀scalpel垃圾袋disposablebag垃圾桶garbagebin橡皮筋rubber band托盘Tray铝箔aluminiumfoil洗耳球rubber suction bulb保鲜膜preservativefilm研磨钵mortar研杵pestle小滴管dropper蒸馏装置distillingapparatus桶bucket 广口瓶wide-mouth bottle离心机转子rotor试管架test tube holder/rack酒精灯alcoholburner酒精喷灯blastalcohol burner搅拌装置stirring device石蜡封口膜Parafilm微量离心管(EP管)Eppendorf tube载玻片Slide盖玻片Cover glass离心管Centrifugetube电泳槽Geltank电线Electricalleads牙签Toothpick螺丝钉Screw锁紧螺母

手机行业通用名词(经典总结)

手机行业通用名词解释大全 1 网络相关 GPRS: GPRS是General Packet Radio Service宽频移动数据(又名封包无线数据服务)的缩写。 GSM: GSM全名为Global System for Mobile Communications,中文为全球移动通讯系统 3G: 3G即为英文3rd Generation的缩写,代表着第三代移动通信技术。 CDMA: CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) 译为“码分多址接入技术” SCDMA: SCDMA是同步码分多址的无线接入技术 TD-CDMA: 该标准是由中国独自制订的3G标准 W-CDMA: WidebandCDMA,也称为CDMADirectSpread,意为宽频分码多重存取。 CDMA2000: CDMA2000即为CDMA2000 1×EV,是一种3G移动通信标准 PHS(小灵通): PHS中文名为低功率移动电话。英文名全称为Personal Handy-phone System。PHS系统是日本自行研发的数字式无线电话系统 WAP: WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)无线应用协议是一个开放式的标准协议。 双频: GSM 900:900MHz、GSM1800:1800MHz 三频: “三频手机”就是指手机可以同时接收GSM900M、DCS1800Mhz以及PCS1900Mhz这三个频率段的信号 名词 手机:Mobile Phone,又称移动电话,是通过无线接入和传输信号的一种通讯设备 解决方案:以特定芯片和协议栈为主体,进行主机板开发设计(比如:Skyworks、ADI/Philips/Ti/MTK/Wince/Freescale等) IMEI:IMEI(INTERNATIONAL MOBILE EQUIPMENT IDENTIFIER即设备号) 双模手机: 所谓的“双模手机”,可以理解为同时支持联通的GSM和CDMA两种制式;或理解为支持GSM和WCMA两种制式 手机魔卡: 魔卡(一卡双号、一卡多号),不需改变手机的任何部件,插上科特超级魔卡即可享受一机多号带来的服务。 蓝牙: 蓝牙(BlueTooth) 是Intel、Nokia、Ericsson、IBM及Toshiba在1998年组成的SIG 小组制定的一套短距离无线射频连接技术的标准,并于1999年5月正式发表 STK: STK是英文SIM Tool Kit的缩写,简称“用户识别应用发展工具” 和弦: 英文名词为Poly,和弦是在根音的基础上按三度一次叠加的规则在音程上进行叠加。手机厂商所说的和弦并不是指的是最高和弦是三十二和弦或者四十和弦,而指的是一首曲子里最多有三十二个或者四十个N和弦 真人唱歌: 将真人唱歌的歌曲转化为手机铃声的形式,被业内及消费者称呼为“真人唱歌”功能 真假MP3: 真MP3是指通过硬件音乐解码芯片功能来完成的MP3歌曲播放的功能,假MP3又称为软件实现的MP3功能,是通过软件播放器实现的。 SDk扩展卡: SD卡(Secure Digital Memory Card)是一种基于半导体快闪记忆器的新一代记忆设备。 T-Flash扩展卡: TranFlash卡,简称T-flash卡或TF卡。 MMC卡: MMC(MultiMediaCard,多媒体存储卡)由SanDisk和Siemens公司在1997年发起miniSD卡: miniSD卡是在数码相机,PDA等所用的Flash Memory Card(中文名:快闪存储

(完整版)数据库重要术语(中英文)

单词汇总(数据库专业一点的词汇其实主要就是每章后面review items的内容,在这里简单列一下,如果你实在没时间看书,至少这些单词要认识。): 1.数据库系统:database system(DS),database management system(DBMS) 2.数据库系统(DS),数据库管理系统(DBMS) 3.关系和关系数据库table= relation,column = attribute属性,domain, atomic domain, row= tuple, relational database, relation schema, relation instance, database schema, database instance; 4.表=关系,列=属性属性,域,原子域,排=元组,关系型数据库,关系模式,关系实例,数 据库模式,数据库实例; 1.key们: super key, candidate key, primary key, foreign key, referencing relation, referenced relation; 2.超码,候选码,主码,外码,参照关系,被参照关系 5.关系代数(relational algebra):selection, project, natural join, Cartesian product, set operations, union, intersect, set difference ( except\minus), Rename, assignment, outer join, grouping, tuple relation calculus 6.(关系代数):选择,项目,自然连接,笛卡尔积,集合运算,集,交集,集合差(除\负), 重命名,分配,外连接,分组,元组关系演算 7. sql组成: DDL:数据库模式定义语言,关键字:create DML:数据操纵语言,关键字:Insert、delete、update DCL:数据库控制语言,关键字:grant、remove DQL:数据库查询语言,关键字:select 8. 3.SQL语言:DDL,DML,DCL,QL,sql query structure, aggregate functions, nested subqueries, exists(as an operator), unique(as an operator), scalar subquery, assertion, index(indices), catalogs, authorization, all privileges, granting, revoking, grant option, trigger, stored procedure, stored function 4.SQL语言:DDL,DML,DCL,QL,SQL查询结构,聚合函数,嵌套子查询,存在(如运 营商),独特的(如运营商),标量子查询,断言指数(指数),目录,授权,所有权限,授予,撤销,GRANT OPTION,触发器,存储过程,存储函数 9.表结构相关:Integrity constraints, domain constraints, referential integrity constraints 10.完整性约束,域名约束,参照完整性约束 5.数据库设计(ER 模型):Entity-Relationship data model, ER diagram, composite attribute, single-valued and multivalued attribute, derived attribute,binary relationship set, degree of relationship set, mapping cardinality,1-1, 1-m, m-n relationship set (one to one, one to many, many to many), participation, partial or total participation, weak entity sets, discriminator attributes, specialization and generalization 6.实体关系数据模型,ER图,复合属性,单值和多值属性,派生属性,二元关系集,关系集, 映射基数的程度,1-1,1-米,MN关系集合(一对一,一对多,多对多),参与部分或全部参与,弱实体集,分辨符属性,特化和概化 11.函数依赖理论:functional dependence, normalization, lossless join (or lossless) decomposition, First Normal Form (1NF), the third normal form (3NF), Boyce-codd normal form (BCNF), R satisfies F, F holds on R, Dependency preservation保持依赖, Trivial, closure of a set of functional dependencies函数依赖集的闭包, closure of a set of attributes属性集闭包,

外企邮件常用英语表述

外企邮件常用英语表述 很多外企职员需要经常发些英文电子邮件来跟同事、老板沟通汇报工作,本文整理汇总了一些日常电子邮件中可能会频频用到的英文表述,像是咨询、建议、反馈、感谢等,希望有助大家的工作学习。 缩写ext. (Extension 电话分机) ?Greeting message 祝福 Hope you have a good trip back. 祝旅途愉快。 How are you? 你好吗? How is the project going on? 项目进行顺利吗? ?Initiate a meeting 发起会议 I suggest we have a call tonight at 9:30pm (China Time) with you and Brown. Please let me know if the time is okay for you and Ben. 我建议我们今晚九点半和Brown小聚一下,你和Ben有没有空? I would like to hold a meeting in the afternoon about our development planning for the project A. 今天下午我建议我们就A项目的发展计划开会讨论一下。 We'd like to have the meeting on Thu Oct 30. Same time. 十月三十号(周三),老时间,开会。

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