2015年6月英语四级阅读模拟题05及答案
2015年6月英语四级阅读模拟题05
及答案
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA．,B．, C． and D．. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people's. In the same way, when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle--compare those performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.
If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or
science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can't find the way to get the right answer. Let's end this nonsense of grades, exams,marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must someday learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.
Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one's life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, "But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get in the world?" Don't worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it.
56. What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things?
A． By imitating what other people do.
B． By making mistakes and having them corrected.
C． By listening to explanations from skilled people.
D． By asking a great many questions.
57. The passage suggests that learning to speak and leaming to fide a bicycle are __________.
A． not really important skills
B． more important than other skills
C． basically different from learning adult skills
D． basically the same as learning other skills
58. According to the passage, the author thinks teachers in school should__________.
A． allow children to learn by himself or herself
B． point out children's mistakes whenever they're found
C． correct children's mistakes as soon as possible
D． give children more book knowledge
59. The author believes the teacher's role in children's learning should be__________.
A． the identifier and corrector of their errors
B． their helper and guide
C． the person to grade their performance and give feedbacks
D． the person to pass on something essential to them
60. The title of this passage could probably be__________.
A． Let Teachers Stop Work
B． Let Us Make Children Learn
C． Let Children Correct Their Own Papers
D． Let Children Learn by Themselves
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet.
Psychologists who study optimization ( 最优化 ) compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents (支持者) of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take,they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent (相关的) considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically
calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.
Since most important problems are multifaceted (多层面的), there are several alternatives to choose from,each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for my college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.
A decision-making worksheet begins with succinct ( 简洁的) statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"
61. Of the following stepsis the one that occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet.
A． listing the consequences of each solution
B． calculating a numerical summary of each solution
C． writing down all possible solutions
D． deciding which consequences are most important
62. According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that__________.
A． has the fewest variables to consider
B． uses the most decision worksheets
C． has the most points assigned to it
D． is agreed to by the greatest number of people
63. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 by means
of__________.
A． describing a process
B． classifying different types
C． providing historical background
D． explaining a theory
64. The author's attitude towards a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is __________.
A． neural
B． approving
C． ambiguous
D． biased
65. The passage mainly discusses __________.
A． a tool to assist in making complex decisions
B． a comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions
C． research on how people make decisions
D． differences between making long-range and short-range decisions
【参考译文】
让孩子学着评价自己的工作。一个学说话的孩子不能靠别人总给他纠正错误来学习：如果被纠正过多，他就会停止说话。[56]一天到晚，他都在注意自己讲的话跟周围人讲的有什么不同。这样慢慢地．他就自然而然地作出改变，说话跟其他人一样了。[56][57]同样，孩子学别的东西时，他们也是不用教就能学会：走、跑、爬、吹口哨、骑车——他们会观察那些技术更熟练的人们是怎样做的，对比之后就会作出必要的改变。但是在学校里，我们从不给孩子们机会让他们自己找出错误，更不用说自己改正了。我们总是替他们全部做好。[58]我们总是表现得好像我们觉得他们永远不会自己发现错误：非堡我们指出来让他们改正不可。很快孩子就变得依赖老师了。放手让他自己做吧。让他自己解决问题吧，如果他想的话，可以请其他孩子帮忙：这个单词是什么意思，这个问题该怎样回答，这样说或者这样做是否合适。
如果问题有正确答案，比如可能是数学或者科学问题，那么把答案给孩子。让他批改自己的试卷。我们老师为何要浪费时间做这样无聊的事情呢?[59]我们的工作应当是在孩子找不到问题的正确答案时给予帮助。让我们结束毫无意义的评级、考试和分数吧。让我们把这些全都抛开，让孩子学到所有受教育者终有一天都要学到的东西，学着如何思忖自己的理解，如何了解已知的和未知的知识。
[59]让他们用最适合自己的方式独立学习：如果他们需要，可以寻求老师的帮助。在我们现在这样一个复杂而又快速发展的社会，“学校里有许多知识要学，学到之后就能一生受用”的观点就是胡扯。忧心忡忡的家长和老师说：“但是如果孩子学不到必要的东西，学不到将来进入社会必须要有的东西，那该怎么办?”不要担心!如果那些东西很必要，那么以后进入社会他们就会学到的。
【答案解析】
56．A
定位：根据题干信息thebestwayforchildrentolearnthings可将答案定位到第一段前半部分。
解析：第一段首句提出了文章的论点：“Let childrenlearntojudgetheirownwork．(让孩子学着评价自己的工作。)”接着举例说：“一个学说话的孩子一天到晚都在注意自己讲的话跟周围人讲的有什么不同。
这样慢慢地，他就自然而然地作出改变，说话跟其他人一样了。同样，孩子学别的东西时……他们会观察那些技术更熟练的人们是怎样做的，对比之后就会作出必要的改变。”可见作者认为，小孩最好的学习方法就是模仿别人怎么做。故选A。
57．D
定位：根据题干信息learningto speak andlearningto ride abicycle可将答案定位到第一段中间部分。
解析：learningto speak和learningto ride abicycle出现在第一段。作者在说明自己观点的时候，将学说话与学习其他技能(比如走、跑、爬、吹口哨、骑车等)进行了对比，并且认为孩子学习说话和学习其他技能的基本方式是一样的，都是通过模仿然后进行自我调整。故选D。
58．A
定位：根据题干信息teachers in school should可将答案定位到第一段后半部分。
解析：第一段后半部分作者建议说：“我们总是表现得好像我们觉得他们永远不会自己发现错误，非得我们指出来让他们改正不可。很快孩子就变得依赖老师了。放手让他靠自己吧。让他自己解决问题吧，如果他想的话，可以请其他孩子帮忙……”作者直言不讳，认为应该让孩子们自己发现自己的错误，如果需要的话，也可以请其他孩子来帮助。指出学生的问题和错误，不可以也不需要老师包办。故选A。
59．B
定位：根据题干信息the teacher’s role in children’s learning可将答案定位到第二段第四句。
解析：该句提到：“我们的工作应当是在孩子找不到问题的正确答案时给予帮助。”第三段第一句也提到：“让他们用最适合自己的方式独立学习，如果他们需要，可以寻求老师的帮助。”可见，老师的作用主要是在学生的学习过程中对他们进行帮助和指导。60．D
定位：根据题干信息titleofthispassage可知解答本题需通观全文。
解析：文章第一句即提到：“让孩子学着评价自己的工作。”接着，全篇文章都围绕“让孩子自己学习”这个主题展开，提到老师们总是等不及孩子们自己发现问题，就指出他们的错误并帮助他们改正，其实孩子会观察他人如何做，进行模仿，然后作出改变来使自己的行为、认知与他人更接近。故选D。
【参考译文】
心理学领域的研究者发现，作出重要决定(比如，该选择哪一所大学，该投资哪笔生
意)的一个最佳方法就是使用决策工作表单。研究“最优化”的心理学家比较人们实际做的决定和理论上理想的决定，想看看两者之间的相似之处。支持使用工作表单的人认为，这种方式可以产生“最优化”效果，即最佳决定。尽管工作表单有数种不同的具体形式，但是基本内容却是相同的。[61]工作表单需要人们将问题以清晰简洁的方式表现出来．然后列出所有可能解决问题的方案。接下来，列出每个解决方案会带来怎样的相关考虑，而且需要确定每项考虑或结果孰轻孰重。需要用数值来标记每项考虑，来反映其相对的重要性。
[62]通过将这些数值加在一起，运用数学计算的方法就可以作出一个决定。其中，综合分数最高的解决方案即为最佳选择。
由于一些最重要的问题往往都包含多个层面，因此会有多种备选方案，而每一种方案都各有利弊。
[64]用纸笔作决定的好处就是。相比一般情况下大脑可以理解和记忆的信息，纸笔记录可以使人能处理更多的变量。一般来说，人们同时可以记住七个概念。当一个方案涉及很多变量及其复杂关系时，工作表单就显得特别有用了。举个现实的例子，我教的大学学生会问“毕业后我要做什么工作呢?”大学毕业生也许会找一个提供专业培训的工作岗位，也可能想继续深造拿更高的学位或者出国旅行一年。
一个决策工作表单从简洁描述一个问题开始，而这个简洁描述也会有助于缩小解决方案的范围。分清楚长远目标和短期目标很重要，因为与短期目标相比，长远目标的决定过程通常与之完全不同。如果专注于长远目标，针对上面那个问题，即将毕业的大学生可能就会这样问：“毕业之后我做什么能够引领我走上成功的职业道路?”
【答案解析】
61．C
定位：根据题干信息occursbeforetheothers,makingadecisionworksheet可将答案定位到第一段中间部分。
解析：作者在介绍制作决策工作表单的步骤时第一句就提到：“工作表单需要人们将问题以清晰简洁的方式表现出来，然后列出所有可能解决问题的方案。”接下来，每种方案才被逐一分析。可见在四个选项中，C项在其他步骤之前。故选c。
62．C
定位：根据题干信息anoptimaldecision可将答案定位到第一段最后两句。
解析：文中提到，这种工作表单可以产生“最优化”效果，“通过将各种数值加在一起，运用数学计算的方法就可以作出一个决定。其中，综合分数最高的解决方案即为最佳选
择。”可见，最好的决定必然是得分最高的选项。故选C。
63．A
定位：根据题干信息paragraph 1可将答案定位到第一段。
解析：本题考查第一段的写作逻辑。作者在第一段首先提出论点，即使用决策工作表单来作决定是最佳方法之一，接着展开论述，在论述的时候，对这种工作表单的具体使用方法和操作步骤进行了介绍，重点在于描述过程。故选A。
64．B
定位：根据题干信息a pencil and paper decision—making procedure可将答案定位到第二段第二句。
解析：该句提到：“用纸笔作决定的好处就是，相比一般情况下大脑可以理解和记忆的信息，纸笔记录可以使人能处理更多的变量。”后文也提到，这种借助纸和笔的工作表单在处理很多变量及其复杂关系时有很大帮助。可见，作者对于这种决策方法持支持的态度，故选B。
65．A
定位：根据题干信息the passage mainly discusses可知解答本题需通观全文。
解析：文章首句提到：“作出重要决定的一个最佳方法就是使用决策工作表单”。接着，作者介绍了利用这种工作表单得出最优决定的方法。第二段提到借助纸笔完成的工作表单比单纯用头脑记忆更有效，能帮助分析和处理更加复杂的问题。第三段提到这种工作表单要求对问题的描述比较简洁，而且要分清短期目标和长期目标。可见，文章通篇都是在介绍这种能帮助人们分析复杂问题的决策工作表单。故选A。
2014年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题(总三套题)及答案
2014年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题（第一套）及 答案 Passage One Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. When young women were found to make only 82 percent of what their male peers do just one year out of college, many were at a loss to explain it. All the traditional reasons put forward to interpret the pay gap-that women fall behind when they leave the workforce to raise kids, for example, or that they don't seek as many management roles-failed to justify this one. These young women didn't have kids yet. And because they were just one year removed from their undergraduate degrees, few of these women yet had the chance to go after (much less decline) leadership roles. But there are other reasons why the pay gap remains so persistent. The first is that no matter how many women may be getting college degrees, the university experience is still an unequal one. The second is that our higher education system is not designed to focus on the economic consequences of our students' years on campus. Now that women are the majority of college students and surpass men in both the number of undergraduate and advanced degrees awarded, one might think the college campus is a pretty equal place. It is not. Studies show that while girls do better than boys in high school, they start to trail off during their college years. They enroll in different kinds of classes, tend to major in less rigorous (非常严格的) subjects, and generally head off with less ambitious plans. As a result, it's not surprising that even the best educated young women enter the workplace with a slight disadvantage. Their college experience leaves them somewhat confused, still stumbling (栽倒) over the dilemmas their grandmothers' generation sought to destroy. Are they supposed to be pretty or smart? Strong or sexy (性感的) All their lives, today's young women have been pushed to embrace both perfection and passion-to pursue science and sports, math and theater-and do it all as well as they possibly can. No wonder they are not negotiating for higher salaries as soon as they get out of school. They are too exhausted, and too scared of failing. 56. Traditionally, it is believed that women earn less than men because ______. A) they have failed to take as many rigorous courses B) they do not feel as fit for management roles C) they feel obliged to take care of their kids at home D) they do not exhibit the needed leadership qualities 57. What does the author say about America's higher education system? A) It does not offer specific career counseling to women. B) It does not consider its economic impact on graduates. C) It does not take care of women students' special needs. D) It does not encourage women to take rigorous subjects. 58. What does the author say about today's college experience? A) It is different for male and female students. B) It is not the same as that of earlier generations. C) It is more exhausting than most women expect. D) It is not so satisfying to many American students. 59. What does the author say about women students in college? A) They have no idea how to bring out their best. B) They drop a course when they find it too rigorous. C) They are not as practical as men in choosing courses. D) They don't perform as well as they did in high school. 60. How does the author explain the pay gap between men and women fresh from college?
大学英语四级模拟试题四(附含答案解析)
大学英语四级模拟题四 Part One Reading Comprehension (2’×10 = 20’) Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage One Air pollution can spread from city to city. It even spreads from one country to another. Some northern European countries have had “black snow”from pollutants that have traveled through the air from other countries and have fallen with the snow. So air pollution is really a global problem. Air pollution can kill babies, older people, and those who have respiratory（呼吸的）diseases. As found in cities, air pollution increases the risks of certain lung diseases. Air pollution can cause both airplane and car accidents because it cuts down visibility （能见度）. There are other possible health dangers from air pollution that we don’t know much about. For example, scientists are trying to find out whether chemicals that reach us from the air may cause changes in our cells. These changes might cause babies to be born with serious birth defects. Scientists are trying to learn how all the many chemicals are apt（易于的）to take into our bodies from air, water, food, and even medicines act together to affect our health and the way our bodies work. That is another reason why it is so important to begin to control pollution now instead of waiting until we learn all the answers. Air pollution costs us a lot of money. It corrodes（腐蚀）our buildings. It damages farm crops and forests. It has a destructive effect on our works of art. The cost of all this damage to our government is great. It would be much more worthwhile, both for us and for the government, to spend our tax dollars on air pollution control. 1. Air pollution may lead to airplane accidents because . A. it may cause pilots to be ill B. engines may fail from the air-borne dirt C. visibility is reduced D. it brings a lot of black snow 2. Scientists are trying to find a link between pollution and . A. intelligence levels B. birth problems C. man’s behavior D. the nervous system 3. Scientists have not yet determined . A. all of the effects of pollution on the human body B. how pollution can be controlled successfully C. when the atmosphere first became polluted D. how some snow becomes black 4. The author suggests that before air pollution becomes more serious, . A. factories will be forced to stop operating B. buildings should be protected C. the earth will begin to grow colder D. more money should be spent to solve the problem 5. We can conclude that . A. civilization may be ruined if pollution is not controlled B. pollution is more serious in Europe than it is in America C. most people do not know that pollution is a serious problem D. we should learn all the answers before we begin to control pollution Passage Two Stiletto heels could be banned from the workplace because of health and safety reasons, according to British Trade Union bosses. The Trade Union Congress, predominantly male, has proposed a motion arguing that high heels are disrespectful to women while they also contribute to long term injuries. They propose instead that women wear “sensible shoes”with an inch heel limit in an attempt to avoid future foot and back pain as well as injuries. The motion is due to be debated at next month’s conference. The motion states: “Congress believes high heels may look glamorous on the Hollywood catwalks but are completely in appropriate for the day-to-day working environment. Feet bear the burden of daily life, and for many workers prolonged standing, badly fitted footwear, and in particular high heels can be a hazard. Around two million days a year are lost through sickness as a result of lower limb disorders. Wearing high heels can cause long-term foot problems and also serious foot, knee and back pain and damaged joints. Many employers in the retail sector force women workers to wear high heels as part of their dress code. More must be done to raise awareness of this problem so that women workers and their feet are protected.” Nadline Dorries, the Tory Member of Parliament, however criticized the motion and said the extra height heels give women can help them when in the workplace. “I’m 5ft 3in and need every inch of my Christian Louboutin heels to look my male colleagues in the eye,”she said. “If high heels were banned in Westminster, no one would be able to find me. The Trade Union leaders need to get real, stop using obvious sexist tactics by discussing women’s
2015年6月英语四级考试真题与答案(卷一完整版)
2015年6月英语四级考试真题及答案(卷一完整版) 范文： Writing：家长角色 There are several possible reasons accountable for this phenomenon(中心句). T o begin with, family in growing numbers has only one child; therefore, parents oft entimes focus all their attentions on that child and exert much pressure on him o r her(原因一). Moreover, numerous parents intend to realize their unfulfilled dream s by letting their children learn what they failed to learn and apply for the colleg e by which they failed to be accepted, because they have become richer and the y believe that they have the power to make what they wanted and want come tr ue now(原因二). For instance, my uncle used to be a poor man and his dream th at one day he would become a violinist was broken because of lack of money. B ut he made a fortune by selling coals, and then forced his son, my younger brot her to practice playing violin. My brother was a huge fan of sports, but now he has to play violin everyday unwillingly and ofter quarrels with their parents(举例：原来-然后-结局). To sum up, it is unreasonable for parents to control their children’s life(总结句). In order to help them grow happily and healthily, parents are supposed to co mmunicate with their kids about what they are really interested in(建议一，目的句型). Meanwhile, it is about time that parents let their kids make their own choices
2014年6月大学英语四级作文真题汇总分析及范文
2014年6月大学英语四级作文真题汇总分析及范文2014年6月的大学英语四级考试已经落下帷幕，大家最关心的英语四级作文话题也已经面世。 四级写作题目一： Suppose a foreign friend of yours in coming to visit your hometown. What is the place would you show him or her and why? 四级写作题目二： Suppose a foreign friend of yours in coming to visit your campus. What is the place would you show him or her and why? 四级写作题目三： Suppose a foreign friend of yours in coming to visit your China. What is the place would you show him or her and why? 与去年的图画作文模式不同，今年又重新回到了话题作文的形式，并且所给话题也是考生非常熟悉的，很容易展开思路。更令人惊奇的是今年的作文虽然有三个话题，但是话题设定的背景信息是趋同的，都是说外国朋友要来中国或来你的家乡或来你的学校，让你介绍一下中国/家乡/学校的特色，目的还是为了推介我们本土的文化特色，看来出题人是越来越看重中国传统文化的弘扬了。去年的翻译题当中就出现了一系列的对中国传统文化的介绍，像中餐，中国结，茶文化，中国园林，中秋等等。所以说，文化题材，特别是有关中国文化特色的题材要成为以后大家复习的重点内容。以后备考四六级的同学一定要多联系这个文化题材的翻译和写作。
英语四级真题阅读理解(带翻译)
Passage1 Reading leadership literature, you’d sometimes think that everyone has the potential to be an effective leader. 读领导文学，你有时会认为每个人都有可能成为一个有效的领导者。 I don’t believe that to be true. In fact, I see way fewer truly effective leaders than I see people stuck in positions of leadership who arc sadly incompetent and seriously misguided about their own abilities. 我不相信这是真的。事实上，我认为真正有效的领导者的方式比我看到的人都陷在领导的职位上，遗憾的是他们自己的能力不称职，严重误导了他们。 Part of the reason this happens is a lack of honest self-assessment by those who aspire to（追求）leadership in the first place. 对产生这种现象的原因一部分是由那些渴望缺乏诚实的自我评估（追求）放在首位的领导 We've all met the type of individual who simply must take charge. Whether it's a decision-making session, a basketball game, or a family outing, they can't help grabbing the lead dog position and clinging on to it for dear life. They believe they're natural born leaders. 我们都遇到了个人的类型，他们必须负责。无论是决策会议，篮球比赛，还是家庭外出，他们都不能不抓住领导的狗的地位，并紧紧抓住它，因为亲爱的生命。他们相信他们是天生的领袖。 Truth is, they're nothing of the sort. True leaders don't assume that it's their divine（神圣的）right to take charge every time two or more people get together. Quite the opposite. A great leader will assess each situation on its merits, and will only take charge when their position, the situation, and/or the needs of the moment demand it. 事实是，他们没有什么样的。真正的领导者不认为这是他们的神圣（神圣的）负责每次两个或两个以上的人在一起吧。恰恰相反。一个伟大的领导者会对每一个情况进行评估，并在他们的位置、情况和/或需要的情况下，只会负责。 Many business executives confuse leadership with action. They believe that constant motion somehow generates leadership as a byproduct. Faced with any situation that can’t be solved by the sheer force of activity, they generate a dust cloud of impatience. Their one leadership tool is
2015年6月13日全国大学英语四级翻译真题及答案
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2014年6月英语四级真题听力试题
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