高考英语常用动词词组辨析

高考英语常用动词词组辨析教案

一、add

（1）If you add 5 to 5，you get 10.<把……加到……上面>

Five added to five is/makes 10.

（2）This will add to our trouble.<增加>

The balloons added to the festival atmosphere.<增加>

（3）His whole school education added up to no more than one year.<加起来总共>

（4）Add up the numbers，and you will get 1155.<加……>

（题组训练）用与add相关的短语填空：

1、The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather added _______the helplessness of the crew at sea.

2、The numbers add _______95.

答案：1、to 2、up to

二、agree

（1）agree on<就……达成共识>

（2）agree to do sth.<同意做（某事）>

agree to the plan/decision/arrangement<同意>

（3）I don't agree with you/what you said/your advice.<同意>

The climate here doesn't agree with me.<指食物、天气等适合某人>

Your story agrees with what I have already beard.<和……一致>

（题组训练）用与agree相关的短语填空：

3、Mutton doesn't agree ________________ him.

4、The verb agrees ________________ its subject in number and person.

5、We couldn't agree ________________ a date.

答案：3、with 4、with 5、on

三、break

（1）I am sorry that I broke my promise<违背，违反>

break one's word/break the law/break the rule

（2）His health broke.<（身体或精神）垮了>

（3）He broke away from all his old friends.<断绝来往，脱离>

（4）I should break away from such habits.<改掉（习惯）>

（5）All our plans broke down. The peace talks have broken down.

<（计划、谈判等）失败>

Her health broke down under the pressure of work.

（=become very bad）<被搞垮，垮掉>

The telephone system has broken down.<（机器或车辆）出故障；坏掉> （6）The thieves planned to break into a bank.<闯入，破门进入>

（7）The Second World War broke out in September 1939.<爆发>

（8）After midnight，the party broke up.<散（会）>

（9）I broke up the candy and gave each child a small piece.<分开>

The police broke up the crowd.<分开，分散>

（10）broken English<鳖脚的英语>

（11）Our troops had little difficulty in breaking through the lines of the police.<突破>

（题组训练）用与break相关的短语填空：

6、News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken __________ with no agreement reached.

7、Fire broke ____________ last night.

8、Sentences can be broken _____________ into clauses:

9、You've been working so hard for nearly a month. Relax yourself,or you will break _______sooner or later.

10、While we were watching TV，a voice broke ______the programme to announce the election results.

答案：6、down 7、out 8、up9、down 10、into

四、bring

（1）He brought about a quarrel between his parents.<引起，造成>

（2）She made every effort to bring about a peaceful solution to the problem.<实现>

（3）Electricity lines as well as telephone poles were brought down by falling trees or branches.<使倒下>

（4）bring down prices<降低价格>

（5）The sale brought in over＄200.<赚得>

（6）Dirt often brings on disease.<引起>

The fine weather is bringing the crops on nicely.<使成长更快，使提高> （7）Can you make a sentence to bring out the meaning of the phrase.<讲解清楚> （8）Joe was born in Texas but brought up in Oklahoma.<抚养>

（9）He was so ill that he brought up everything.<呕吐>

（10）This brought me into touch with various kinds of workers.<（和各种名词连用）进入某种状态>

（11）Please bring forward the matter at the next meeting.<提出>

They have brought the meeting forward to next Monday.<把……提前，提早>

（题组训练）用与bring相关的短语填空：

11、The war in Iraq was ________________ by the American President Bush.

12、The work can ________________ ＄2000 a year.

答案：11、brought about 12、bring in

五、call

The trouble calls for quick action by the government.<要求>

（1）I will call for you at five o'clock.<来找某人>

（2）We called for the packages at the post office.<来取某物>

（3）I formed the habit of calling in on him in the evenings.<顺便拜访>

（4）Your father is ill，you should call in a doctor at once.<找来，请来>

（5）People don't like being called names.<骂人>

（6）They've called off the game because of the thick fog.<取消>

（7）He called upon me to speak immediately after him<请／叫（某人做某事）> （8）I called on the people of this country to work hard for national unity.<号召> （9） A notice displayed in the shop window called attention to the recent increase in prices.<引起……的注意>

（10）The army was called in to cut through fallen trees and to help clear the roads and paths.<召集>

（11）call in at some place/call in on sb. /call back/call up/give sb. a call/make a call（a long—distance call）

（题组训练）用与call相关的短语填空：

13、The situation calls ________________ immediate action.

14、The sound of happy laughter called ________________ memories of his childhood.

15、Could you call in ________________ Mum on your way home?

答案：13、for 14、up 15、on

六、carry

（1）He had learned enough German to carry on a conversation.<进行>

（2）One person should carry on where the other had left off.<进行下去>

（3）I was chosen to carry out our experiment.<执行，开展>

（4）He did not carry out his promise to us.<履行>

（5）After destroying the village，the enemy carried off all the cattle<抢走> （6）The work is tough，but it is the person to carry it through.（=to complete sth.

successfully）<顺利完成，顺利实现>

（题组训练）用与carry相关的短语填空：

16、They are trying to carry ________________ a new policy.

17、What a pity！They should have carried ________________ the.good business.

18、—It's a good idea. But who's going to carry ________________ the plan?

—I think Tom and Greg will

答案：16、out 17、on 18、out

七、come

（1）How come that you didn't get here in time?<（用于引申意义）发生某情况> （2）He came to realize that he was mistaken.<渐渐地（表示动作逐渐变化的过程）>

（3）My dream has come true，<变成现实>

（4）He talked about his coming trip to the United States.<即将到来的>

（5）How did the accident come about?<发生，造成>

（6）I came across（came upon/ran across）this book in an old bookstore on the Fourth Avenue.<无意中碰到，找到>

He came suddenly across an idea.<（无意中）想到>

（7）He just asked me to come round for supper.<到这儿来>

（8）Come along！Arthur，we can't wait all day！<快点>

（9）Come along！Someone must know the answer to my question.<快说> （10）This paper comes out every Friday.<出版>

（11）I think the roses will come out next week.<开花，发芽>

（12）I came out first in the examination.<考试结果……；考第……一名>

（13）The bill comes to $5.<总计>

（14）When it comes to mathematics，I know nothing about it.<谈到，涉及> （15）The robbery did not come to light until the next day.<被发现，被大家知道> （16）The question hasn't come up yet.<被提出>

（17）He came up with an idea.<提出>

（18）come to oneself<苏醒过来>

（19）come to an end<结束>

（20）come into effect（force）<生效>

（21）come to a conclusion（decision）<作出结论（决定）>

（22）come into being（existence）<开始存在、建立、产生>

（23）come into power<开始执政>

（题组训练）根据句意完成句子：

19、I'm as good a cook as she is except when it ____________（making）pastry.

我做饭做得和她一样好，就是不会做油酥馅饼。

20、The shock made her hesitate for a moment but she quickly ________________ again.

这一打击使她踌躇了片刻，但很快就又恢复正常了。

21、Can you tell me how the accident ______________ ？

你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？

答案：19、comes to 20、came to herself 21、came about

八、care

（1）I don't care what they say. I shall go on just the same.<在乎，在意>

（2）If you care to hear it，I will tell it to you.<愿意>

（3）Albert Einstein cared little for money. He was seen using a cheque for＄1500 as a bookmark.<喜欢>

Would you care for a cup of coffee?（＝Would you like...？）<（礼貌用语）你喜欢／要……吗？>

（4）He cared about money.<喜欢>

（5）The mother card for the sick child day and night<照顾，照料>

（6）The professor said that he was interested only in research：he didn't care about his students.<关心>

（7）In this way we could give them timely medical care.<医疗护理>

九、catch

（1）catch fire（＝to start burning）<着火>

（2）catch one’s breath<缓口气，歇口气>

（3）That car caught his eyes/attention.<引起注意>

（4）The police caught him stealing a car.（＝to discover suddenly and by surprise especially when someone is doing something bad）

<撞见，突然发现>

（5）That style has never caught on in China.（＝become popular）<流行>

（6）He was caught in the rain.（＝be stuck）<被困扰>

Her skirt got caught in the door.（＝be hooked）<被钩住>

（7）I suddenly caught sight of him in the crowd.<看见>

十、clear

（1）She made it clear that she would support Australia.

<弄清楚，查明白，明确>

（2）After the storm the sky cleared.<晴朗起来>

（3）The waitress will clear away these dishes in a moment.<收走>

（4）How can we clear away，these doubts?<消除，清除>

（5）The weather has cleared up；we can go out.<晴朗起来，开朗起来>

（6）You'll have to clear up the things on the table before we have tea.<整理，收拾>

十一、compare

（1）Car production rose by 25％，compared to/with the first 3 months of this year.

<和……相比>

（2）We know it was a small place，comparing to what it is now.<和……相比> Compare this with that，and you will see which is better.

<把……和……相比>

（3）Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.<把……比作……>

十二、cover

（1）They covered 12 miles yesterday.<走完（一段路程）>

（2）How many pages have you covered?<看完（多少页书）>

（3）The city covered ten square miles.<占据（多大面积）>

（4）The professor's talk covered the subject.<谈到，涉及>

（5）The mountain was covered with snow all the year round.<覆盖着……> （6）The best reporters were sent to cover the 27th Olympic Games.

<报道，采访>

十三、cut

（1）cut off<切断；切下来>

（2）cut out<戒掉，不吃，剪出>

（3）cut in<插嘴>

（4）cut up<切碎>

（5） a short cut<捷径>

（6）They want to cut down a large forest in this area.<砍倒>

（7）George is trying to cut his weight down.<消减，减少>

（8）The army was called in to cut through the fallen trees on the road.

<锯断，剪断，凿穿>

十四、deal

（1）I'd rather deal with a man than a woman. Women are sharp.

<和……打交道>

（2）I'm used to dealing with matters of this sort.<处理>

（3）This book deals with questions on politics.<论述，谈>

（4）What shop do you deal with?<和……做买卖>

十五、die

（1）die of<死于……（情感、饥寒、年老等原因）>，如：

die of illness/a fever/hunger/sadness

As a result，many westerners die at an early age of heart disease.

（2）die from<死于……（间接原因）>，如：

die from an accident/the polluted air/a bad habit

（3）Ronny's steps had died away/down，and there was a moment of silence.

<（指风、声、光）消逝>

（4）The wind has died away/down again.<平息>

（5）It is thought that between the years 1550 and 1950 an average of one kind of living thing died out each year.<灭绝，不复存在>

（6）I'm dying for something to eat.（＝have a strong desire for sth.）<渴望> （题组训练）用与die有关的短语填空：

22、The wild population of koalas is in danger of _________________ .

23、Do you fancy a cup of tea? I'm _________________ thirst.

24、I am _________________ a cup of coffee.

答案：22、dying out 23、dying of 24、dying for

十六、do

（1）—I have some difficulty in pronouncing some of the words in English.

—No,you're doing fine.<（工作、学习、生活、生长等）情况（好）> （2）I'm happy in my work in the garden. I'm doing well.

Will it do if we let you have an answer by Friday？

<行，够，合适，可以，凑合>

（3）Let's do up this room first.<整理，收拾>

（4）They tried to do away with slavery.<废除>

（5）Mary has done herself up for the party.<梳妆打扮>

（6）Please do up these books and post them for Mr. Smith.<包，扎，系，捆> （7）do one’s hair<做头发>

（8）do the room<打扫房间>

（9）do the bed<铺床>

（10）do wrong to sb.<使某人受委屈>

（11）do business<做生意>，<做买卖>

（12）do right<做得好>

（13）do wrong<做错事，做坏事>

（14）have something/nothing/anything/a lot to do with<与……有些／没有／有什么／有很大关系>

（题组训练）用与do有关的短语填空：

25、________________ your buttons！

26、He has nothing ________________ the case.

27、The school has ________________ the rules.

28、I haven't enough money to buy a car，so I'll have to ________________ without it. 答案：25、Do up 26、to do with 27、done away with 28、do

十七、end

（1）Even if none of this is true for us today，it is probable that one day we will end up with a disability.<以……告终>

（2）If you drive your car like that，you'll end up in hospital.

（3）<最后（有某种结局），最后（成了）>

（4）The politician finally ended up his speech.<结束>

（5）We ended up the dinner with fruit and coffee.<以……而结束>

（6）The match ended in a win for us.<以……告终，结果……>

（7）It rained for three days on end.（=continuously）<连续地>

（8）We must put an end to this foolish behavior.<结束，制止>

（9）The meeting came to an end at last.<结束>

（题组训练）用与end有关的短语填空：

29、He ________________ his letter ________________ good wishes to the family.

30、The battle ________________ victory.

31、Their marriage ________________ divorce.

答案：29、ended（up），with 30、ended in 31、ended in

十八、fall

（1）We can't afford to fall behind our competitors in using the new technology.

<我们再也不能在使用新技术方面落后于我们的竞争对手了。>

（2）She has fallen in love with him/the dress.

<她已经爱上他了／喜欢上了那条裙子。>

（3）Where does the plan fall down?（=fail or to be ineffective）

<失败，不起作用>

（4）This topic falls naturally into three sections.（=be divided into）<被分成> （5）I am quite happy to fail in with you/your suggestions.

（=agree with or to）<赞同>

十九、fix

（1）fix（on） a time for sth.<约定时间干某事>，如：

Let's fix a time for discussion.

They've fixed the time and date for the party.

（2）fix one's eyes on<注视>，如：

He fixed his eyes on the clock.

（3）fix one's attention on<注意>

（4）fix supper<做饭>

（5）fix tea<沏茶>

（6）fix the broken machine<修理，整理>

二十、follow

（1）You should follow the rules of the lab when you're doing experiments.<遵循，听从，依照……行事>

（2）The child follows her mother about all day long.<跟随>

（3）Follow this road until you get to the church.<沿着……（走）>

（4）May follows April.<接着发生，跟着到来>

（5）Do you follow what I'm saying?<听懂，理解>

二十一、get

（1）The operator finally got me through.<给……接通电话>

（2）He has got through＄1,000 in less than a year.<用完>

（3）John has got through the examination.<通过>

（4）I'll be with you as soon as I get through the work.<做完>

（5）The story has got round—everybody knows about it.

<消息传开；走动，到处旅行>

（6）My work is getting along better now.<进展，进行>

（7）She didn't get away until nine last night.<走开，离开>

（8）The bank robbers used a stolen car to get away.<逃走，跑掉>

（9）Now he was dead，and I could not get away from my sadness.<摆脱> （10）He got down and began to pray.<跪下，弯腰>

（11）Don't you think it's time we got down to business?<开始认真做某事> （12）At what time do you get off（from）work?<下班>

（13）He used to be afraid of heights but he has got over that now.

<克服，摆脱（某种情绪）>

二十二、give

（1）He gave away most of his fortune to the poor.<送给，分发>

（2）They suspected（怀疑）that the secret had been given away by one of their friends.<泄露（机密）>

（3）I hope the holiday will give him back his good spirits.

<恢复（健康，好情绪）>

（4）He has given in to my views.<向……让步，投降>

（5）The gas gave off an unpleasant smell.<散发出>

（6）He gave his life to the study of art.<把生命献给……>

（7）Please give my regards/greeting./love/wishes/thanks to Miss Smith.

<代……向……问好（表示喜欢、祝愿、谢意）>

（8）The teacher gave out the examination papers.<散发，颁发>

（9）It was given out that the Prime Minister had died sudden1y.<宣布>

（10）After two days our food .gave out，and we had to return to the camp.

<被用完>

（11）The swimmer gave out after ten laps.<体力不支，耗尽>

（12）The cowboy gave out a yell.<发出（声音）>

（13）I've given up smoking.<放弃，中止>

（14）Billy kept asking his mother if he could go to the movies and she finally gave way.<妥协，屈从>

（题组训练）用与give有关的短语填空：

32、Smoking is bad for your health.

—Yes，I know. But I simply can't give it ________ .

33、Don't mention that at the beginning of the story，or it may give ________ the shocking ending.

34、Cheap coal gives ________ a lot of smoke.

答案：32、up 33、away 34、off

二十三、go

（1）But if you go against nature and do things at the wrong time of year，you will have to do more work and the results will not be so good.<违背> （2）—How is everything going?<进行，进展>

—Things are going very well.

（3）The black hair was going grey.<变得>

（4）That is to say，the doctor's been gone for two hours and thirteen minutes.

<不在，走了>

（5）The engine went well.<运转>

（6）How does the old saying go?<怎么说的>

（7）If you think you can solve the problem，go ahead.<开始（做某事）> （8）Go ahead，we're all listening.<开始（做某事）>

（9）Work is going ahead.<进行，进展>

（10）—May I start?

—Yes，go ahead.<表同意>

（11）News of the plane crash went around like wildlife.<传开>

（12）Time went by quickly.<过去，经过>

（13）Shares have gone down again by ten points.<（价格等）下跌，（温度等）下降>

（14）She had no time to go deeply into the matter just then.<调查，了解，研究> （15）What is going on out there?<发生，（活动）进行>

（16）Why not buy some English tapes and some books to go with them?

<相配，和……交朋友>

（17）When smokers who are used to nicotine go without it for an hour or two，they begin to feel bad.<不吃，不用>

（18）Let me have a go at fixing it.<试一试>

（19）My family goes back300 years，while his family goes back to the 15th century.

<追溯；从过去某个时候延续至今>

（20）He always likes to go back to his younger days.<回顾>

（21）Go over your work before you hand it in.<仔细检查，反复研究，仔细琢磨> （22）He doesn't go in for team games.<对某事感兴趣，爱好>

（23）go out<出去，出国；（灯火）熄灭；（衣着式样等）不时兴>

（题组训练）用与go有关的短语填空：

35、Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to go ________________ .

36、lf you had gone ________________ your test paper carefully before handing it in，you would have made fewer mistakes.

37、As time goes ________________ ，my memory seems to get worse.

答案：35、out 36、over 37、by/on

二十四、hand

（1）When he writes，he always keeps a dictionary at hand.<在手边，在跟前> （2）The examinations are at hand.<就要到来了，不远了>

（3）My shoes were made by hand.<手工做的>

（4）Could you give me a hand with this parcel?<帮一下忙>

（5）This custom has been handed down since the 18th century.<传下来，传给> （6）The teacher handed out the books at the beginning of the lesson.<发，散发> （7）The thief was handed over to the police.<移交>

（8）on（the）one hand...，on the other（hand）<一方面……，另一方面> （9）hand in<上交>

（题组训练）用适当的介词填空：

38、I am resigning as chairman and handing ________________ to my deputy.

39、Don't worry，for help is ________________ hand！

40、He was handing ________________ leaflets（传单）to members of the audience. 答案：38、over 39、at 40、out

二十五、hold

（1）She held back，not knowing what to do or say.<犹豫不决>

（2）Don't hold anything back，you must tell me everything.<隐瞒，不公布> （3）If they hadn't held him back，he would have beaten you.<阻碍，阻止> （4）I made my choice and I will hold on to the end.<坚持（下去）>

（5）You should hold on to your oil share.<不送或不卖（某物）>

（6）He asked me to hold on while he left the telephone to find a pencil.

<别挂（电话）>

（7）Could he hold out in spite of the difficulty?

<坚持（抵抗），顶住（压力）>

（8）The pupil held up his hand to ask the teacher a question.<举起>

（9）hold office<任职>

（10）hold one's position<担任某个职位>

（11）hold an opinion （idea）<持有某个看法、观点>

（12）They held their heads up and walked into the hall.<趾高气扬>

（13）Please hold yourself still while I am taking your photograph.<保持不动> （14）He held a cigarette between his lips.<使某人或某物处于某种状态或位置> （15）A lot of cars were held up in the accident,<使耽搁，使停顿>

（题组训练）用与hold有关的短语填空：

41、We thought of selling this old furniture，but we've decided to hold ________________ it. It might be valuable.

42、The dam was not strong enough to hold ________________ the floodwaters.

43、I missed the lecture because my car was held ________________ in the traffic jam.

44、Tell me all about it—don't hold anything ________________ ！

答案：41、on to 42、back 43、up 44、back

二十六、keep

（1）He keeps away from liquor and tobacco.<不沾，避开，不接近>

（2）The Englishman will move back in order to keep a certain distance away.

<保持一定距离>

（3）He may be telling the truth but he is keeping something back.

<隐瞒（没讲）>

（4）Finally，he did not give her the right change，but kept back five pounds.

<扣留>

（5）You have to be home by I1 o'clock. Keep that in mind，Bob.<记在心里> （6）Keep off the grass.<勿踩，勿踏>

（7）He didn't stop running. He just kept on.<继续（干），坚持（干）>

（8）Keep on until you reach the traffic lights.<继续前进>

（9）The coat should keep out the cold.<挡住，使……进不去>

（10）They have shut the door and meant to keep us out.<不要进来>

（11）You should keep out of these things.<不牵扯进去>

（12）I hope such fine weather will keep up.<继续（下去），持续（下去）> （13）We've kept up our friendship for over twenty years now.<保持>

（14）The good news keeps up our spirits.<保持（情绪）高昂>

（15）I can't keep up with all the changes.<跟上，（与……）并驾齐驱>

（16）I hope the rain keeps off.<（雨雪）暂时不停>

（题组训练）单项填空：

45、Would you slow down a bit，please? I can't ________________ you.

A. keep up with

B. put up with

C. make up to

D. hold on to

46、—Mummy，can I put the peaches in the cupboard？

—No dear. They don't ________________ well. Put them in the fridge instead.

A. keep

B. fit

C. get

D. last

答案：45、A46、A

二十七、join

（1）to join an island to the mainland by a bridge<把……和……连接起来> （2）The new railway joins our town to the big city.<把……和……连接起来> （3）The girl，Mary，joined in the conversation.<参加（某活动）>

（4）Will you join us in a walk?<和……一起做某事>

（5）The electrician joined up the wires.<把……连接起来>

二十八、connect

（1）connect with/to<把……连接起来；和……相连>

Connect this wire to that one.

The Suez Canal connects Africa with Asia.

（2）He has been connected with the company since 1984.<和……联系>

（3）The early bus from the village connects with the 8：30train.

<（车、船等在时间上）衔接>

（题组训练）用join或connect的适当形式完成下列句子：

47、They all ________________ in singing the Christmas carols.

48、The 9：00am train from London ________ with the 12：05 p.m. from Crewe.

49、Two extra carriages were ________________ onto the train on at York.

答案：47、joined 48、connects 49、joined

二十九、look

（1）As，look back upon those years，I am struck by Annie's wisdom.<回顾，回想>

（2）I've been looking into this matter this afternoon.<调查>

（3）Two men were fighting. The rest were looking on.<旁观>

（4）When you're eating fish，look out for bones.<当心，小心>

（5）We've been looking out for a new house，but the ones we've seen are all too expensive.<留心找某物>

（6）Look up the word in the dictionary<查寻，查找>

（7）I want to look my uncle up sometime.<看望，拜访>

（8）She looked through her notes before the examination.<浏览>

（题组训练）用与look相关的短语填空：

50、A Working Party has been set up to look ________________ the problem.

51、Look ________________ pickpockets.

52、If you want to know how a word is used，look the word ________________ in the Advanced Learner's Dictionary.

答案：50、into 51、out for 52、up

三十、make

（1）make good use of/make full use of/make the most of/make the best of <充分利用>

（2）We should make use of water to produce electricity.

（3）He had a gift for thinking up ways of making political points.

<提出政治观点>

（4）Both husband and wife had to work to make ends meet.<使收支相抵>

（5）After years as an unsuccessful businessman，he's finally made it.<成功> （6）Can you make out what that object is on the other side of the valley?

<弄清楚，看出>

（7）It isn't difficult to make out his ideas.<理解，明白>

（8）The explanation in the school book makes no sense，because the words are hard.

<讲不通，没意义，不能被理解>

（9）Can you make sense of what he says?<理解>

（10）The teacher asked the children to make up a story about a trip to the moon.

<编，创造>

（11）Mary had to make up for the time she missed in school when she was sick，by studying very hard.<弥补>

（12）The actors were making up when we arrived.<打扮>

（13）The team is made up of nine players.<由……组成>

（14）Is that the right time? I made it later.<估计>

（15）He's making three hundred a year.<赚得，赢得>

（16）He'll make a good lawyer.<（有条件）成为>

（17）I think I could make it 8：30 if that's all right for you.<定在（某时间）> （题组训练）用与make相关的短语填空：

53、The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to make it ________________ .

54、She spent an hour making herself ________________ before the party.

55、Hard work can make ________________ a lack of intelligence.

56、It's my first holiday for two years so I'm going to make ________________ of it. 答案：53、out 54、up 55、up for 56、the most/the best

三十一、mean

（1）Smoke usually means fire:<意味着>

（2）Your friendship means a great deal to me.<有意义，有价值>

（3）But I don't believe he means any harm.<有……意图>

（4）His parents meant him for a teacher.<打算让某人成为……>

（5）This picture is meant for me.<打算给（谁）>

（6）This room was meant for the workers' reading room.<打算（做什么用）> （7）What do you mean by coming here this morning?<你……是什么意思？> （题组训练）单项填空：

57、—Why haven't you bought any butter?

—I ________________ to，but I forgot about it.

A .liked B.wished C. meant D. expected

答案：57、C

三十二、meet

（1）It takes 80 years for Mediterranean water to be changed with Atlantic water，as there is one narrow entrance where the Mediterranean meets the Atlantic.

<与……汇合>

（2）The house stands where three roads meet.<汇合>

（3）In order to meet his expenses，he had to do extra work at night.<满足> （4）To join the army，one must meet certain physical standards.<符合（要求）> （5） A policeman could meet danger any minute of his working day.<碰到，遭到> （6）In the woods，he met with two strangers.<遇见，碰到>

三十三、operate

（1）The lift was not operating properly.<（机器）开动，（工厂）开工>

（2）The company operates two factories.<开动（机器），管理！（工厂）> （3）The medicine operated quickly.<起作用（Vi.）>

（4）He operated on the baby's throat and saved its life.

<给……动手术>

三十四、pay

（1）Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter.<参观>

（2）It's high time、paid me back the＄100 he owes me.<偿还>

（3）How much did you pay for the book?<为……而付款>

（4）I'll pay off my debt with this check.<还清>

（5）Did your plan pay off?<成功，得到回报>

（6）It pays to invest in protective clothing.<收益，得到好处>

（题组训练）用与pay相关的短语填空：

58、Teamwork pays ________________ .

59、I'll pay Jenny ________________ for what she did to me！

答案：58、off 59、back

三十五、pick

（1）She picked up the little book and gave it to him.<拾起>

（2）He has picked up some bad habits at that club.<沾染>

（3）He picked up French while he was staying in Paris.<（非正式）学到> （4）Pick me up at the hotel.<接（人）>

（5）This room must be picked up before the guests arrive.<整理、收拾>

（6）The class picked up the story where they had left it.<继续讲（故事）> （7）We picked up the radio signals on our receiver.<接收>

（8）Have you picked out the movie you want to see?<挑选>

（9）Can you pick out your brother in the crowd?<认出>

（题组训练）汉译英：

60、他把熟得最透的桃挑了出来。________________

61、一到春天市场就活跃了。________________

62、7点钟我开车来接你。________________

答案：60、He picked out the ripest peach.61、The market always picks up in the spring.62、I’ll pick you up at 7 o'clock.

三十六、put

（1）John puts ten dollars aside every week.<存储，留下>

（2）He put aside his textbooks when he left school and never reopened them.

<放下，放在一边>

（3）Put aside all that has happened and try to start again.<搁在一边，不予考虑> （4）Put your books away.<收起来>

（5）Put the dictionary back on the shelf.<放回原处>

（6）The meeting has been put back until next week.（=put off）<推迟>

（7）Put the clock back by five minutes.<拨慢>

（8）Put the clock forward by five minutes.<拨快>

（9）He put out the lamp and went out.<使熄灭，扑灭>

（10）The company puts out 13 new machines every month.<生产，出版>

（11）Are you serious in putting forward such a view?<提出>

（12）put into effect<执行，实施>

（13）put into force<使生效>

（14）put into practice<实行，付诸实行>

（15）put on weight<增加体重>

（16）put one's heart into<全心全意干某事>

（17）put sb. through<接通电话>

（18）put to bed<安顿孩子睡觉>

（19）put to use<加以利用>

（20）put up with<忍受，容忍>

（21）I just didn't wish to put you to the trouble of changing a large note.

<给某人添麻烦>

三十七、refer

（1）if you don't know how to pronounce the word，refer to the dictionary.

<查阅，参阅>

（2）He referred to the matter once or twice.<提到，谈到>

The man referred to in the talk is one of my friends.

（3）What I have to say refers to all of you.<涉及>

（4）The lady was referring to Mike when she spoke of a bright boy.<指的是> （5）He referred his success to his good teacher.<归功于>

三十八、run

（1）The buses run until after twelve.<（车辆等）行驶>

（2）The machine ran continuously for eight days.<运转>

（3）The water runs out of the pipe into the bucket.<流>

（4）For several miles the road runs across a plain.<（道路等）延伸，延续> （5）They run most of the stores here.<管理，经营>

（6）The chairman ran the meeting well.<主持>

（7）Will the color in this dress run if I wash it?<褪色>

（8）He is running for governor.<竞选>

（9）If you ran after two hares，you will catch neither.<追赶>

（10）She hit the child and ran away.<走掉，跑掉>

（11）All our supply of food has run out（=given out）.<被用完>

（12）We ran out of coal，and had to burn wood.<用完>

（13）I ran over a rabbit this morning.<（车辆）撞倒并碾过>

（14）Run through this article and tell me what you think of it.<匆忙看一遍>

三十九、see to

（1）I've got a lot of things to see to.<处理>

（2）Who is to see to the organization of the next meeting?<负责>

（3）Will you see to that customer，please?<照顾>

（4）If I see to getting the car out，will you see to closing the windows?<负责> （5）Please see to it that the lights are turned off.（=make sure/ensure that）<确保>

四十、send

（1）We've just sent her to sleep.<使进入梦乡>

（2）My sister sends you greetings and asks when you will be in London.<致，送> （3）That noise will send me mad.<（跟复合结构）使变得>

（4）The explosion sent things flying in all directions.

<（跟带分词的复合结构）使得……>

（5）They have sent up several spaceships this year.<发射>

（6）send for a taxi/an ambulance/a doctor

<（派人）找计程车／叫救护车／请医生来>

四十一、set

（1）We set about clearing（set out to clear）up the mess.<开始做或处理；着手> （2）You'd better set aside some money for special use.

<（为了某种目的）留出、拨出、节省>

（3）Set aside my wishes in this matter.<对……不予考虑>

（4）We will set off（out）for Africa tomorrow.<动身，出发>

（5）Polonium is used to set off a nuclear bomb.<引爆>

（6）Let's set up the tent first and build the fire later.<竖起来，立起来，支起来> （7）He set up a new record.<创造>

（8）The film was set in California in the middle of the nineteenth century.

<以……为背景，故事发生在…….>

（题组训练）用与set相关的短语填空：

63、The new government must set ________________ finding solutions to the country's economic problems.

64、Let's set ________________ my personal feelings.

答案：63、about 64、aside

四十二、show

（1）He told the BBC that he wanted 17 hours of nonstop TV time so that both concerts could be shown on television.<播出，展出，放映>

（2）Tickets，please. Show your tickets.<把……拿给……看>

（3）Come along. I'll show you to your room myself.<带某人到某处>

（4）My cousin is visiting us next week，and I have promised to show him around New York.<领某人到处看看>

（5）Most small children show off in front of visitors.<炫耀>

四十三、stand

（1）The letters" UK" stand for"The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland".<代表>

（2）I can't stand the hot weather.<忍受>

（3）You should learn to stand on your own two feet.<依靠自己，自主>

（4）stand out<显得突出，显眼，引人注目>

（5）stand by<站在一边，袖手旁观，支持，站在……边>

四十四、strike

（1）On Friday 16th October，1987，a hurricane struck the southeast of England.

<侵袭>

（2）The boy struck the man with a stick.<打>

（3） A stone struck me on the head.<打中，击中>

（4）I struck a match and held it to his cigarette.<擦燃（火柴）>

（5）An idea suddenly struck me.<（某种想法）忽然出现，使……忽然想起> （6）He was struck by her beauty.<给人深刻印象>

（7）They are striking for higher pay.（=They，on strike for higher pay.）<罢工> （8）I left immediately the clock struck twelve.<（钟）敲响>

四十五、turn

（1）He was poor but proud and turned down every offer of help.<拒绝接受> （2）The campers usually turned in as soon as it got dark.<上床睡觉>

（3）The teachers have to turn in the reports at the end of the school year.<上交> （4）The examination turned out（to be）easy.<结果是，最后情况是>

（5）Bob turns over most of the money he earns to his mother.<移交，交给> （6）The car struck the wall and turned over.<撞翻，翻倒>

（7）He turned over in bed.<翻身，翻转>

（8）Please turn over this page.<翻过>

（9）The missing boy turned up<出现>

（10）If you have some questions，you can turn to your teachers for help.

<求助于>

（11）Mozart's music always turns me on/off.<使感兴趣／使不感兴趣>

（12）She turned away in horror at the sight of so much blood.<转身不看>

（13）Because the hall was full，many people were turned a way.<撵走>

（14）turn a blind eye to/on<视而不见>

（15）turn a deaf ear to <充耳不闻>

（16）turn about<向后转>

（17）turn against<反对，背叛>

（18）turn back<返回，折回，使往回走>

（19）by turns<轮流>

（20）in turn<一个挨一个地又（对别人）做同样的事>

（21）take turns<轮流（做某事）>

（题组训练）同义词组替换：

65、I have waited for him for hours but he hasn't ________________ （appeared）yet.

66、His invitation is ________________ （refused）.

67、If you don't know the words，you can ________________ （refer to）a dictionary. 答案：65、turned up 66、turned down 67、turn to

四十六、take

（1）The assistant did not take her seriously and advised her to buy two bottles of very expensive wine.<认真对待>

（2）He led the ships down the river to a place where the British army could land safely and take the enemy by surprise.<突然袭击>

（3）I won't take up much of your time.<占去（时间）>

（4）The table takes up too much room.<占去，占据（空间）>

（5）When he left school he took up journalism.<从事某项活动，发展某种爱好> （6）People should be ready to go to prison for their beliefs，but they should never take up anus to fight.<拿起武器>

（7）When you return to the office the following morning or after the holiday，you can listen to the messages and take any necessary action.<采取必要的行动> （8）The teacher took up the lesson where he left off yesterday.<继续讲述>

（9）Jean took advantage of the lunch hour to finish her homework.<利用> （10）I take back what I said.<收回>

（11）Take it easy.The roads are icy.<不要着急>

（12）He is taking over my job while I am on holiday.<接替，接管>

（13）He seemed to take great pride in his work.<对……感到骄傲>

（14）She had taken the trouble to buy the books for me.<费力，不怕麻烦> （15）I'll take on the work，but I can't tell you exactly when I'll finish it.<从事> （16）The Great Wall has taken on a new look since the liberation.<呈现>

（17）Is the supermarket taking on any more assistants?<雇用>

四十七、work out

（1）We must work out a plan as quickly as we can.<制定，拟定，定出>

（2）Have you worked out this problem yet?<算出，估计出>

（3）I can't work out the meaning of the poem.<理解，弄懂，看出>

（4）This map is wrong；I can't work out where we are.<判断，说出，看出> （5）Things will work out if you will just be patient.<得到圆满解决>

（6）Things have worked out badly.<（情况等）结果是>

（题组训练）英译汉：

68、Things worked out quite well. ________________

69、I've never been able to work her out. ________________

70、Can you work out what these squiggles mean?

答案：68、事情的结果很不错。69、我一向无法了解她。70、你能辨认出这些潦草的字迹是什么意思吗？

高考英语常用词汇辨析教案（500例）

about around round作副词时都含“四处”、“遍地”的意思。

about 系常用词, 如:

look about 四处看。

around 具有 about 的基本意思, 因此look about=look around, 但

在下列短语里around没有about正式, 如:

travel around 各处旅行

round 和around在非正式用法中可以互换, 但一般用round时更简

练。在正式用语中, 一般用round指“旋转”, 而用around指“处处”,

“到处”, 如:

She turned round at such a noise. 听到这样的吵声, 她回头看。

I have been looking for it all around. 我到处都找过了。

另外, 英国人用round的地方, 美国人倾向于用around, 如:

[英] Winter comes round.

[美] Winter comes around.

λabove all；after all；at all

above all意为“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”，常位于句首或句中，作插入语，起强调作用。如：

But above all tell me quickly what I have to do．可首先快些告诉我该做什么。

A clock must above all keeps good time．时钟最重要的是必须走得准。

after all意为“毕竟”、“终究”、“终归”、“到底”，在句中位臵较灵活。可位于句首、句中或句末。如：

After all，your birthday is only two weeks away．毕竟，两周后就是你的生日。He is，after all，a small child．他毕竟还是个小孩子。

He failed after all．他终于失败了。

at all用于否定句时，意为“丝毫；根本”，用于疑问句时意为“究竟；到底”，用于条件句时，常译为“当真；实在”。用于肯定句中，表示说话人的某种情绪或情感（如怀疑或惊奇等），意为“竟然”等。如：

He doesn’t like you at all．他根本不喜欢你。

Are you going to do it at all？你究竟做不做这件事？

If you do it at all，do it well．若你真要做这件事，就得做好。

I was surprised at his coming at all．他竟然来了，我很惊讶。

λadd; add to; add…to; add up to

add作“加，增加”解时，既可作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词；作“又说，补充说”解时，与直接或间接引语连用。如：

If the tea is too strong, add some more hot water．如果茶太浓了，再加点开水。After a short while, he added that he would try his best．过了一会儿，他又接着说他会尽力。

add to意为“增添，增加，增进”。如：

The bad weather added to our difficulties．恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。

add．．．to意为“把……加到……”，是把前一项加到后一项之后或之中。

如：

Add two to seven, and you will get nine．七加二等于九。

add up to意为“加起来总共是／累计得”，该短语不用于被动语态。如：All his school education added up to no more than one year．他的学校教育加起来不过一年。

λaffair; thing; matter; business

affair意为“事情、事件”, 含义较广，泛指已做或待做的事；复数affairs一般指商业事务及政府的日常事务，如财政管理、外交事务等。

thing意为“事情、事物”，不管大事小事、好事坏事均称为thing，一般不能专指事务；复数things还可作“形势”解。

matter侧重指须留心的要事或问题、难题。

business作“事务、事情”解时，一般不能用复数，常常指所指派的任务、责任；有时说的是指派的工作或商业上的买卖活动。

λ a great deal; a great deal of

a great deal用作名词，意为“大量”，“许多”，作主语、宾语；用作副词，

意为“很”或“非常”，作状语，修饰动词或用来强调比较级。如：

A great deal has been studied and this is the best way．经过大量研究后，这（被认为）是最好的办法。

We are a great deal cleverer than before．我们比以前聪明多了。

a great deal of意为“大量的”，“非常多的”，相当于much，作定语，后接不可数名词。如：

A great deal of time／money／energy has been spent on the project．

大量的时间／金钱／能源花在那个工程上了。

λagree on；agree to；agree with；agree that

agree on作“就……取得一致意见”解。例如：

The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month．

上月，就建一座新汽车厂之事达成了协议。

agree to有两层含义和用法：

?其一是to作为动词不定式符号，其后跟动词原形，作“同意（答应）做某事”解。

例如：My father agreed to buy a new pen for me．父亲答应给我买支新钢笔。

?其二是to作为介词，之后跟表示“计划／条件／建议等一类的名词或代词”。例如：

They have a greed to our plan．他们已同意我们的计划。

agree with作“同意某人的意见”解，其后可跟表示人的名词或代词，也可跟表示“意见”或“说的话”的名词或从句。例如：

He agreed with my opinions．他同意了我的意见。

We agreed with what he said at the meeting．我们同意他在会上讲的话。

agree that作“认为……”解，其后跟宾语从句。例如：

I agree that your composition is very good．我认为你的这篇作文写得不错。

λallow；let 二者均可作“允许”解，但各有侧重： allow重在“允许”或“容许”，也可表示客气的请求。例如：He allowed me to take his dictionary．他允许我拿走他的词典。Will you allow me to use your bike？我可以用你的自行车吗？ let作“允许”或“让”解，主要用于口语，一般可与allow互换。作“允许”解时，常暗含“听任”、“默许”之意；作“让”解时，常含“祈使”或“建议”之意。注意：let 之后作宾补的不定式不带to，且不可用于被动语态，而allow则相反。例如：Please let me walk with you（＝Please allow me to walk with you．）．我（请允许我）跟你一起走。注：allow常用于allow sb．to do sth．或allow doing sth．结构中。

λalthough; though; as

三者均可表示“尽管；虽然”，引导让步状语从句。although用法较正式，语气较强；though较常用；as则主要用于倒装句。它们的用法有如下几点值得注意：

状语从句由although, though或as引导，主句之前不可有but, and, so, however等并列连词，但可有yet或still等副词。although与though常可互换。例如：

Although／Though he believes it, yet he will not act．他虽然相信它，但却不肯有所行动。

as表示“尽管；虽然”，只能用于倒装句，即：将表语、状语或谓语动词放在as之前。though也可这么用。例如：

Young as／though he is, he knows a lot．他虽然年纪不大，却懂得很多。

注意：如果表语是单数名词，要省略a。例如：

Child as／though he is, he can speak two foreign languages．虽然他是个孩子，但他会说两门外语。

though可以放在句末，表示“但是”，although却不能。例如：

They said they would come; they did not, though．他们说他们会来，可是他们并没有来。

although只用来陈述“事实”，不能表示“假设”。因此可以说even though“即使”以及as though“好像(＝as if)”，不能说even although或as although。例如：I believe you are on duty—even though you’re in plain clothes．尽管你穿着便衣，我相信你是在值勤。

λamong／between

这两个介词都有“在……之间”的意思。between常用于两者之间；among 一般指三者或三者以上之间。若指三个以上人或物中的每两个之间时，仍然要用between。

例如：The girl walked between her father and mother．这个女孩走在她父亲和母亲之间。

She is the tallest among her classmates．她在她同学之间是最高的。

Switzerland lies between France，Italy，Austria and Germany．

瑞士位于法国、意大利、奥地利和德国之间。

λargue debate dispute 都含“辩论”的意思。

argue 着重“说理”、“论证”和“企图说服”,如:

I argued with her for a long time, but she refused to listen to reason.

我和她辩论了好久, 但她还是不听。

debate 着重“双方各述己见”, 内含“交锋”的意思, 如:

We have been debating about the issue. 我们一直在就这个问题进行辩论。

dispute 指“激烈争辩”, 含有“相持不下”或“未得解决”之意,如: Whether he will be elected as chairman is still disputed.他是否当选为主席, 仍然有争论。

λargue；quarrel；discuss

这三个动词均有“争”的意思，但“争”法不同。

argue着重就自己的看法或观点，提出论证，同他人“争论”或“辩论”。例如：We heard them arguing in the other room．我们听见他们在另一个房间里争论。另外，argue同with搭配，其后接人；与about连用，其后接事物。例如：We argued with them about this problem for a long time．这个问题我们同他们辩论了很长时间。

quarrel是指对某事不喜欢或强烈不满而发生的“争吵”或“吵架”。同with搭配，其后接某人；和about连用，其后接某事。例如：

He often quarrels about their housework with his wife．他常为家务事同妻子争吵。

discuss是指认真交换自己的意见或看法的“讨论”。例如：

We'll discuss the use of the articles tomorrow．明天我们将讨论冠词的用法。λas (so) far as; as (so) long as

as（so）far as的意思是“就……而言（所知）”，as (so) far as sth．is concerned 是其中一种具体用法，意为“就某事而言”；as (so) long as意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句。如：

As far as I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers have found their new jobs．

就我所知，一千多万下岗工人已经找到了新的工作。

There is nothing that we can’t do so ／as long as we keep on trying to do it．只要我们不断地努力去做，就没有什么事干不成。

As far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go．

就中国的旅游业而言，需要做的工作还很多。

λasleep／sleeping二者都是形容词。asleep仅用作表语，不能作定语，

表示“睡着，熟睡”的意思；而sleeping一般只能用作定语，放在名词前，

表示“睡眠中的，休止的”意思。

如：我们不能说：an asleep baby，但可以说：a sleeping baby（一个熟睡的婴儿）。

再如：He was asleep with his head on his arms．他头枕着手臂在熟睡。

asleeping dog正在熟睡的狗sleeping car卧车sleeping bag睡袋

λassert，affirm，maintain assert宣称、断言，常指某人主观自

信，坚持己见，有时不顾客观事实而断言下结论。 affirm指以事实为依

据，深信不疑地肯定某种观点或看法。 maintain指在相反的证据或论点

面前，重申原来的某种观点、立场。

A．Despite all the policeman’s questions the suspect ＿＿＿that he had been at home all evening．

B．It is nonsense to ＿＿＿that smoking does not damage people’s health．C．Throughout his prison sentence Dunn has always ＿＿＿his innocence．Answers：A. affirmed B. assert C. maintained

λas though；even though；though

as though（＝as if），意为“好像；似乎”，引导方式状语从句或表语从句。

如：

He spoke as though（as if）he had been here before．他说话的口气好像他以前来过这里。

It looks as if（as though）it is going to rain．看起来好像要下雨。

even though（＝even if），意为“即使”，引导让步状语从句。though也引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”；even though有退一步设想的意味，与though 不同。though引导的句子所说的是事实，even though引导的句子所说的则不一定是事实。例如：

He will not tell the secret even though（even if）he knows it．即使他知道这个秘密，他也不肯说出来。

He will not tell the secret though he knows it．他虽然知道这个秘密，但他不会说出来。

λat the beginning；in the beginning at the beginning 在……初；在……开始的时候。常与of连用。例如：Students usually have a study plan at the beginning of term．学生们在开学初制定学习计划。 in the beginning 相当于at first，表示“起初、开始”时，含“起初是这种情况，而后来却不是这种情况”之意，不与of连用。例如：In the beginning，some of us took no interest in physics．起初我们有些人对物理不感兴趣。

λattack assail assault charge beset

都含有"攻击"的意思。

attack 是常用词, 指"攻击敌人"或"用言论攻击他人", 如:

Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941. 德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

assail 指"猛烈连续地攻击", 如:

The enemy plane assailed our defence position. 敌机不断猛烈地攻击我们的阵地。

assault 语气比assail强, 指"突然猛烈地进攻", 暗示"武力的直接接触"

(如肉搏等), 也有"暴力"的意思, 如：The enemy assaulted us at dawn. 敌人在黎明时向我进攻。

charge 指"冲击"或"骑兵的突然攻击", 如:

The cavalry charged to the front. 骑兵猛烈向前线冲击。

beset 指"围攻", 即从各个方向攻击, 如：

In the swamp we were beset by mosquitoes. 在沼泽地里, 我们受到蚊子的围攻。

λat the age of／by the age of at the age of表示“在……岁时”，后面接基数词，强调某一时刻的情况或动作，用于一般过去时，作时间状语。例如：At the age of six，he began to learn English．他六岁的时候开始学英语。

She learned to play the piano at the age often．她十岁的时候学弹钢琴。

by the age of表示“到……岁的时候”、“在……岁以前”，后面接基数词，强调到某一时刻为止的结果，用于过去完成时或将来完成时，作时间状语。例如：

By the age of sixteen，he had learned to drive a car．到十六岁的时候，他已经学会了开小汽车。

You will have learned more than 2000 English words by the age of fourteen．

到你十四岁的时候，你将学会2000多个英语单词。

λat the time; at that time; at one time; at a time

at the time通常用于过去时句子中，指某件事情发生的“当时”、“那时”。例如：

Many people saw the strange thing happen at the time．当时，许多人都看到了这件奇怪的事情的发生。

有时，at the time的后面可接“of．．．”短语。这时，它表示“在（某事态）发生的时候”或“在……的时代”。例如：

Were you in San Francisco at the time of the big earth quake in 1989﹖

1989年旧金山发生地震时，你在那里吗？

It happened at the time of King Alfred．事情发生在阿尔弗雷德国王时期。 at that time 则通常指前文明确提到的某个时期、时候。通常其后不带“of．．．”短语。例如：

In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet and Sichuan．At that time

(＝At the 17th century) the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very crowded．

at one time＝during a period of time in the past意为“过去有一段时期”，“曾经”。例如：

They used to be good friends at one time．他们曾经是好朋友。

at a time则意为“一次”，表示一个时间单位。它常与表示数量的词语连用，表示频率。例如：

Don’t speak all at once．One at a time, please．不要同时一起说。一次只一个人说。

Take the medicine three times a day and three pieces at a time．这些药每天服三次，每次服三粒。

λat ．．． speed ／ with ．．． speed

at the speed of或者at ．．．speed，意为“以……的速度”。而当speed被all, lightning, great等修饰时，介词应用with。我们可用一句口诀来帮助记忆：都（all）以闪电般（lightning）大（great）的速度行驶。如：

Our car was running with all speed on the expressway．我们的车在高速公路上全速行驶。

The Long March No．2 Rocket sent up the satellite into space at the speed of 11．2 kilometers per second．长征二号火箭以每秒钟11．2公里的速度将卫星发射到太空。

B

λbecause／since／as／for 这四个词都是表示原因或理由的连接词，但是as，because，since是从属连词，引导原因状语从句，for是并列连词，所引导的不是原因状语从句，而是表示理由的对等句子，是对前面所讲内容补充和说明。在语气上由强至弱依次为beca use→since→as→for。because引导的从句多臵于句末，表示直接的原因或理由，表示产生那种结果的必然的因果关系，在回答why 的提问时，必须用because作答。

如：We stayed at home because it rained．因为下雨我们呆在家里。

as与since引导的从句多臵于句首，不过as表示十分明显的原因，只说明一般的因果关系，可译为“因为、由于”；而since则表示稍加分析、对方已知的原因，一般可译为“既然”。如：

As he was not feeling well，I decided to go there alone．由于他身体欠佳，我决定独自去那里。

Since everyone is here，let's start．既然大家都到了，咱们就开始吧。

for引导的从句一般放在句末，其前用逗号，它所叙述的理由是间接的，即推测性理由，或是对前面叙述的事实或看法的补充说明。如：

There must be nobody in the classroom，for the light is off．

教室里一定没有人，因为灯灭了。（推测性理由）

λbelieve；believe in

believe作及物动词时，其后可跟名词，表示“相信”；后接从句或复合宾语时，表示“认为；料想；相信”等。如：

I believe what he says．我相信他的话。

I believe that he will succeed．我相信他会成功的。

believe in 是一个动介型短语动词，表示“信奉；信仰”（指对某种思想、主张、观念、行动具有信心）和“信任（have trust in）”。如：

They believe in God．他们信仰上帝。

I believe in having plenty of exercise．我相信多锻炼有好处。

believe和believe in后均可接表示人的名词或代词，但含义不同。试比较：I believe in him（I think he is a frustworthy man）．我信任他。

I believe him．（I believe what he says）．我相信他的话。

λbelief faith trust confidence 都含有“相信”的意思。

belief 指“承认某事是真的, 尽管有或没有确凿的证据”, 如: belief in ghosts. 相信有鬼。

faith 指“认为有确凿证据或道理而完全相信”, 如:

I have faith in his ability to succeed. 我相信他有成功的能力。

trust 指“信赖”、“信任”, 含有“坚定的信念”的意思, 如: enjoy the trust of the people 得到人民的信任。

confidence 指“在有证据的基础上相信”, 也常指“自信”、“有把握”, 如: She has great confidence in her success. 她对自己的成功充满信心。

λbesides；except；but

三者都可以用作介词。用于肯定句中时，except／but意为“除……外（不再有）”；besides意为“除……外（还有）”。请比较：

All of them have seen the film except／but Wu Dong．除了吴东外，他们都看过了那部影片。

All of them have seen the film besides Wu Dong．除了吴东看过那部影片外，他们也都看过了。

except后接名词、代词、－ing或不定式时，可以与but互换；except后接副词、介词短语时，一般不能为but所替换。如：

I’ll do everything except／but cook．除了做饭，我什么事情都干。

This window is never opened except in summer．除了在夏天，这个窗子从不打开。

用在否定句中，三者可以互换。如：

There aren’t any other people to do the work except／but／besides you．

除了你，没人能做这工作。

λbe anxious to; be anxious for; be anxious about ;be anxious that be anxious to表示“急于”、“渴望”，其中to是不定式符号，后面接动词原形；

be anxious for表示“渴望”，后面接名词或代词时，强调渴望得到某物或渴望了解某事；后面接sb．to do sth．时，表示“渴望某人能做某事”，其中for sb．to do sth．是不定式复合结构。

be anxious about 表示“对…感到不安”、“为…担心”、“为…忧虑”； be anxious that表示“渴望”，后面接从句，that从句的谓语动词须用虚拟语气；

[EXERCISES]

①I ＿＿＿＿the result of the examination．

②We ＿＿＿＿know the result of the examination．

③We ＿＿＿＿Mr Liu to help us with our English．

④Mr Li ＿＿＿＿ a new car．

⑤They ＿＿＿＿arrive home before dark．

(Key: ①am anxious about／for ②are anxious to ③are anxious for ④is anxious for ⑤are anxious to)

1) The girl ＿＿＿＿a new dictionary．2) All the students ＿＿＿＿their results of this examination．3) Everyone ＿＿＿＿＿know their results of the competition．4) We ＿＿＿Mr Zhao to return．5) We ＿＿＿＿＿she should do her best．

Key: 1) was／is anxious for 2) are anxious about 3) is anxious to 4）are anxious for

5）are anxious that

λbe known as；be known for；be known to；be known in

be known as 意为“作为……而著名”，其后的名词表示一个人的身份、职业等。如：

Liu Huan is known as a singer．刘欢作为一个歌手而出名。

We’re sure you’ll be well-known as an artist．我们相信你会成为一位著名的画家。

be known for 意为“因……而著名”，其后所接内容表示某人或物的特点、特长等。如：

Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers．桂林因其美丽的山水而闻名。

Mr Geldof is well-known for organizing two big pop concerts on the same day．盖尔多夫先生因在同一天组织两场大型的流行音乐会而出名。

be known to “为……所了解／知道”，其后接表示人的词语。“（人们都）知道”，其后接动词原形。如：

He is known to all in our village．村子里的人都了解他。

He was known to have invented many things．＝It was known that he had invented many things．

人们都知道他已经发明了很多东西。

be known in 意为“在某地很著名”。如：

He is well-known in the town where he was born．他在自己出生的那个镇子上很出名。

λbe made of／be made in／be made from／be made by／be made up of be made of表示“由……制成”，指从原料到制成品，只发生了形状变化，没有发生本质变化（属物理变化）。 be made in当后面接时间的数词或名词时，表示“某物何时制造的或何时产的”。当后面接指地点的名词时，表示“某地产某物”。 be made from表示“由……制成”，指从原料到制成品，发生了质的变化，已无法复原（属化学变化）。 be made by表示“由……制做”，后面接指人的名词或代词，强调动作的执行者。 be made up of表示“由……构成（组成）”，强调主语由两部分或两个以上的部分构成或组成。【练习】用be made in，be made of，be made from，be made by或be made up of填空。①This bike Tianjin．②This table wood．③The car 1999．④Paper wood．⑤The kite my mother．

⑥The team ten members．【Keys】was made in；is made of ；was made in ；is made from；was made by；is made up ofλbe used for／be used as／be used by be used for表示“被用作……”或“被用来作……”，后面接名词或v－ing，其中for表示目的。 be used as表示“作为……而用”或“用作……”，后面接名词或动词不定式，强调使用的工具及手段。 be used by表示“由……使用”，后面接指人的名词或代词，强调使用者。【练习】用be used for，be used as或be used by填空。①A telephone better communication（交流）．②The motorbike Liu Ming．③A ruler often a knife by him to cut a piece of paper open．【Keys】is used for；is used by；is,used as

λbe pleased with; be pleased at(或about);be pleased to

1) The manager ＿＿＿you before．

2) My boss must ＿＿＿see you again in HongKong．

3) I ＿＿＿seeing so many students present．

4) I hear Mr Zhao ＿＿＿your article．

析：①was pleased with。表示“对……满意；喜欢……”后面通常接指人的名词或代词。②be pleased to。表示“很高兴或很乐意做某事”，其中to是不定式符号，后面接动词原形。③am pleased at(或about)。be pleased at（或about）表示“对（看到或听到的）事感到高兴，”后面接指事的名词或v－ing。④is pleased at(或about)。解析同③。

λbe to do sth；be about to do sth；be going to do sth．

be to do sth．表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，后可跟时间状语。如：You're to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock．十点钟以前你得交上试卷。

be about to do sth．表示打算或安排即将发生的动作，它通常不与时间状语连用。如：

I was about to go out when someone knocked at the door．我正要出去，这时有人敲门。

be going to do sth．有三层含义：