人教版选修6重点词汇、短语、句型、语法全汇总
Unit1Art
【重点词汇、短语】
aim n.目标；目的vi.&vt.瞄准；(向某方向)努力
typical adj.典型的；有代表性的
adopt vt.采用；采纳；收养
possess vt.拥有；具有；支配
a great deal大量
attempt n.努力；尝试；企图vt.尝试；企图
on the other hand(可是)另一方面
predict vt.预言；预告；预测
specific adj.确切的；特定的
appeal vi.有感染力；呼吁；求助vt.将……上诉n.呼吁；恳求
appeal to(对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣
【重点句型】
1.Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists,who lived and worked in Paris.
在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。
1/25
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2.序数词the first/the second/the last(＋sb.)＋to do是一种常见结构，表示“最早、第二、最后做某事的人”，其中的不定式作后置定语；如果主语和不定式之间有被动关系，不定式应使用被动结构to be done。例如：
My monitor is always the first to come to school and the last to leave.
我的班长总是第一个到校、最后一个离开。
To tell the truth,he was the last person to be met with by the manager.
说实话，他是最后一个被经理接见的人。
3.It is amazing/surprising/astonishing/shocking that...是一种常见句型，表示“……令人吃惊、震惊、惊讶等”，其中it是形式主语，that引导主语从句作句子的真正主语。这种句型可以用to one's amazement/surprise/astonishment/shock这些短语作状语来改写。
It is surprising that children who are seven years old don't know how to brush one's teeth.
令人吃惊的是，七岁的孩子还不知道怎么刷牙。
To our shock,the terrorist explosion caused over one hundred deaths.
令我们震惊的是，这次恐怖爆炸造成了一百多人死亡。
【语法总结】虚拟语气
虚拟语气包含两种：一种指与事实相反或不可能发生。“虚拟条件句+虚拟主句”的结构都属于这一类；even if、even though、as if、as though引导的状语中如果需要用到虚拟语气也属于这一类；wish、would rather后面接的宾语从句表示不可能实现的愿望，还是属于这一类。
2/25
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另一种指与事实实际是否发生没有直接关系。如和suggest、order、demand等表示建议、命令、要求等相关的名词性从句都属于这一类。
一.虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气
1、表示与现在事实相反的情况
从句：If+主语+did(be动词用were)
主句：主语+should/would/might/could+do
If I were you,I would take an umbrella.
如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）
If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.
如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）
If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.
如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句：If+主语+had+done
主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done
If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）
If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.
如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示与将来事实相反的情况
从句：①if+主语+were to do
②if+主语+should+do
③if+主语+过去式（be动词用were）
主句：主语+should/would/might/could+do
If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.
如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：不可能来）
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would go skating.
3/25
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如果下周日下大雪，我们就去滑冰。（事实：不可能下雪）
If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.
如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。（事实：不可能来）注意事项：
①错综时间句：
即虚拟条件状语从句与虚拟主句中谓语动作的时间不一致。
If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.
如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了。
If they had informed us,we would not come here now.
如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
If he knew her,he would have greeted her that day.
如果他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。
②虚拟条件句中的省略：
当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were,should,had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。
Should he agree to go there,we would send him there.
要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去了。
Were she here,she would agree with us.
如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。
Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him to work here.
如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。
③用其它形式表达虚拟条件：
虚拟条件状语从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或用其它方式表示出来。如without…，but for…（要不是...）等。
But for his help,we would be working now.
4/25
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要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
Without your instruction,I would not have made such great progress.
要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。
We didn't know his telephone number,otherwise we would have telephoned him.
我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。
④在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was。
If I were you,I would go to look for him.
如果我是你，就会去找他。
⑤在虚拟条件句中，should/would/might/could四个词只能用should；在虚拟主句中，主语只有是第一人称时，才能用should。
If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her.
如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。
If he had got there earlier,he would have met her.
如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。
二.名词性从句中的虚拟语气
1、表达和建议、要求、命令、主张等含义相关的名词性从句，一律用主语+should+动词原形（should可以省略）结构。具体涉及到这些动词以及它们的名词形式：
一坚持（主张）：insist
二命令：order，command
三要求：require，request，demand
四建议：suggest，advise，propose，recommend
例如：
It was suggested that he（should）join in the club activities.（主语从句）
I suggested that he（should）join in the club activities.（宾语从句）
My suggestion was that he（should）join in the club activities.（表语从句）
I had an suggestion that he（should）join in the club activities.（同位语从句）
5/25
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这四句话表达同一个意思：我建议他加入这个俱乐部的活动。
2、表示重要性、必要性、吃惊等时，一律用it is+形容词+that+主语+should+动
词原形（should可以省略）结构。
例如：
It's important that you(should)study English hard.
努力学习英语是很重要的。
It's necessary that you(should)praise your students as much as possible.
尽可能多的表扬你的学生是有必要的。
It is strange that she(should)not have been invited.
很奇怪她竟然没有被邀请。
3.①wish后面所跟的宾语从句，其谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为“要是/但愿…就好了”），其形式主要有三种：
表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish+一般过去时的宾语从句
表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish+过去完成时的宾语从句
表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish+would/could+动词原形
I wish it were spring all year round.
我希望一年四季都是春天。
I wish it would be fine tomorrow.
我希望明天天气好。
She wished she had stayed at home then.
她希望她当时待在家里。
if only后接从句也用虚拟语气，其形式与wish的用法一致。
②would rather后面所跟的宾语从句，其谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为“宁愿......”），其形式主要有两种：
表示对现在/将来情况的虚拟：wish+一般过去时的宾语从句
6/25
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表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish+过去完成时的宾语从句
三.其它从句中的虚拟语气
1、虚拟语气用在状语从句中
①由as if或as though所引导的方式状浯从句，若从句与事实相反，则要用
虚拟语气。其形式如下：
主句+as if/though+主语+一般过去时（从句的动作与现在事实相反）
主句+as if/though+主语+would/could+动词原形（从句的动作与将来事实相反）主句+as if/though+主语+过去完成时（从句的动作与过去事实相反）
He talks as if he knew all about it.
他说起来好像知道这件事的全部一样。
She speaks English well as if she had studied in America.
她说英语很好，好像过去在美国待过一样。
He learns English so hard as if he would go abroad.
他学英语如此努力，好像他要出国一样。
②由even if或even though所引导的让步状语从句，若从句与事实相反，则从句和主句都要用虚拟语气。其形式如下：
主句+even if/though+主语+一般过去时（从句的动作与现在事实相反）
主句+even if/though+主语+would/could+动词原形（从句的动作与将来事实相反）主句+even if/though+主语+过去完成时（从句的动作与过去事实相反）
Even if you weren't her son,she would treat you like this.
即使你不是她的儿子，她也会这样对待你的。
I would have married her even if she had been penniless.
即使她身无分文，我也会和她结婚。
2、虚拟语气用在定语从句中
7/25
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在it is(high)time that…句型中也用虚拟语气，从句常用过去式，有时也用should+动词原形，表示该做而没做的事，含建议的意味。
It is time that we went home.=It is time that we should go home.
我们该回家了。
It is time we left.=It is time we should leave.
我们该走了。
It is time we summed up our results.=It is time we should sum up our results.
我们该总结我们的成绩了。
Unit2Poems
【重点词汇、短语】
concrete adj.具体的
flexible adj.灵活的；可弯曲的；柔顺的
take it easy轻松；不紧张；从容
run out of用完
be made up of由……构成
in particular尤其；特别
eventually adv.最后；终于
transform vi.&vt.转化；转换；改造变换
appropriate adj.适当的；正当的
exchange n.交换；交流；互换vt.&vi.调换；交换
8/25
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sponsor n.主办者；倡议者vt.发起；举办；倡议
try out测试；试验
let out发出；放走
【重点句型】
1.This is why...这就是......的原因。(强调结果)
This is because...这是因为......(强调原因)
The reason why...is/was that...(......的原因是......)一般用that引导表语从句。
2.There are various reasons why people write poetry.
人们写诗有着各种各样的理由。
3.The language is concrete but imaginative,and they delight small children because they rhyme,have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition.
（童谣的）语言具体但富有想象力，这能使小孩子们快乐，因为它们押韵，节奏感强,并较多重复。
4.By playing with the words in nursery rhymes,children learn about language.通过童谣中的文字游戏，孩子们学习了语言。
5.Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain,a poem made up of five lines.
另外一种学生容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的,叫做五行诗。
9/25
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6.With so many different forms of poetry to choose from，students may eventually want to write poems of their own.
有了这么多可供选择的诗歌类型,学生们最终也许想自己作诗了。
【语法总结】虚拟语气（点击“虚拟语气”即可查看全部内容）
Unit3A healthy life
【重点词汇、短语】
abuse n.&vt.滥用；虐待
stress n.压力；重音vt.加压力于；使紧张
ban vt.禁止；取缔n.禁令；谴责
due adj.欠款的；预定的；到期的
due to由于……
automatic adj.无意识的；自动的
mental adj.精神的；智力的
effect n.结果；效力
strengthen vt.加强；巩固；使坚强vi.变强
10/25
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decide on对……作出决定
feel like(doing)想要(做)……
desperate adj.绝望的，拼命的
disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的
ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
in spite of不顾；不管
take risks(a risk)冒险
get into陷入；染上(坏习惯)
at risk处境危险；遭受危险
awkward adj.局促不安的；笨拙的
【重点句型】
1.Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette,remind yourself that you are a non-smoker.
每当你想要吸烟的时候，你就提醒你自己：你（已经）是不吸烟的人了。
every time在这里相当于从属连词，连接时间状语从句；remind后面又跟了that引导的宾语从句。
2.Do not be disappointed if you have to try several times before you finally stop smoking.
11/25
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即使你非得经过多次戒烟才能最后把它戒掉，你也不要失望。
【语法总结】“it”的用法
1.it可指代前文提到的事物；替代前文中的内容；指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象。
2.it用作形式主语，不定式、动名词或主语从句做真正主语。
It worries me that he keeps changing his mind.
3.it作形式宾语，不定式、动名词或宾语从句做真正宾语。
He didn't make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.
4.表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词，后面接it，然后再跟宾语从句，it代指从句所表达的内容。此类动词有hate，dislike，enjoy，appreciate等。
I'd appreciate it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
5.强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分+that(who)...
12/25
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强调句型用来强调谓语动词/定语以外的任何句子成分。当被强调部分是人时也可以用who。
（1）强调句用于一般疑问句：Is/Was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。
（2）强调句用于特殊疑问句：疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？（3）在强调原因状语从句时，只能强调由because所引导的从句
例：It was because he was ill that he didn't come to school yesterday.
（4）在强调not...until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上
例It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother.
（5）如何判断是否是强调句
可把It，is/was和that去掉，剩余部分在不增减任何词的情况下还是一个完整的句子，那么这种句子是强调句。
It was in the street that I met her father.→In the street I met her father.
It was because she was ill that they didn’t ask her to do the job.→Because she was ill,they didn’t ask her to do the job.
Unit4Global warming
13/25
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【重点词汇、短语】
come about发生；造成
subscribe to同意；订购
quantity n.量；数量
quantities of大量的
tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾vt.照顾；护理
go up上升；增长；升起
result in导致
oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量
opposed adj.反对的；对立的
be opposed to反对……
state vt.陈述；说明
range n.种类；范围
even if即使
keep on继续
glance vi.看一下；扫视n.一瞥
steady adj.平稳的；持续的；稳固的
steadily adv.平稳地；持续地
14/25
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tendency n.倾向；趋势
widespread adj.分布广的；普遍的
on the whold大体上；基本上
average adj.平均的
on behalf of代表……一方；作为……的代言人
put up with忍受；容忍
so long as只要
an so on等等
circumstance n.环境；情况
【重点句型】
1.All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth's temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal,natural gas and oil to produce energy.
所有的科学家同意这种观点：人们为了生产能量而燃烧化石燃料如煤、天然气和石油，从而引起了地球温度的升高。
2.It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.
这意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球温度上升。
15/25
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3.It was a scientist called Charles Keeling,who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from1957to1997.
是一位名叫查尔斯·基林的科学家曾经把1957-1997年期间大气层中二氧化碳的含量作了精确的统计。
4.They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.
他们还同意下述观点，正是燃烧越来越多的化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。
5.On the other hand,there are those,like George Hambley,who are opposed to this view,believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.
另一方面，还有一些人，像科学家乔治·汉布利，反对上面的观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳。
【语法总结】“it”的用法（详见第三单元语法总结）
Unit5The power of the nature
【重点词汇、短语】
16/25
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alongside adv.在旁边；沿着边prep.在……旁边；沿着……的边
appoint vt.任命；委派
wave n.波浪；波涛vi.波动；起伏；挥手
absolute adj.绝对的；完全的
absolutely adv.绝对地；完全地
suit n.一套外衣；套装vt.适合；使适宜
make one’s way前往
potential n.潜在性；可能性；潜能adj.可能的；潜在的
actual adj.实在的；实际的
shoot(shot,shot)vt.射中；射伤
anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的
anxiety n.担心；焦虑；渴望
panic(panicked,panicked)vi.&vt.惊慌n.惊慌；恐慌
glance through匆匆看一遍
vary from…to…由……到……不等
guarantee vt.保证；担保
【重点句型】
17/25
不怕同桌是学霸？就怕同桌过寒假！寒假弯道超车，鸡年一鸣惊人！
1.I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound,like a railway train passing my window.
我睡得正酣，正在这时我的床开始晃动，我听到一种奇怪的声音，就像一列火车正从我窗外驶过。
2.The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study,but this being my first experience,I stayed at the top and watched them.
另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。
句中的this being my first experience为独立主格结构。
3.It's said that...表示“据说......”，可以替换为“Sb is said to...”，其中的不定式可以有多种形式(一般时、完成时、被动语态)。
It is said that another typhoon will come soon.＝Another typhoon is said to come soon.据说又要来台风了
It is said that his father-in-law has been infected with AIDS.＝His father-in-law is said to have been infected with AIDS.
据说他岳父感染了艾滋病。
【语法总结】动词ing形式（包括动名词和现在分词两种形式）
18/25
不怕同桌是学霸？就怕同桌过寒假！寒假弯道超车，鸡年一鸣惊人！
动名词
动词的ing形式如果是名词，这种形式叫做动名词。动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
一.动名词的四种形式及其意义
①基本形式：doing（表示主动）
②被动式：being done（表示被动）
③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成）
④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）
例如：
Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.
在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans. Freddy和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。
I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you.
19/25
不怕同桌是学霸？就怕同桌过寒假！寒假弯道超车，鸡年一鸣惊人！
我不知道他做过这样一件违背你的事情。
Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop.很多顾客抱怨在那家商店被缺斤少两过。
二.动名词的语法功能
动名词在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语和定语等。
Learning English is very difficult.（作主语）
学英语非常困难。
I enjoy dancing.（作动词宾语）
我喜欢跳舞。
I have got used to living in the country.（作介词宾语）
我已经习惯了住农村。
His job is driving a bus.（作表语）
他的工作是开车。
20/25
不怕同桌是学霸？就怕同桌过寒假！寒假弯道超车，鸡年一鸣惊人！