专业英语短文翻译

P89What differentiates…

What differentiates engineering from many other fields is that it attempts to go from theory into practice for the purpose of developing products and processes instead of merely observing the phenomena of that science or art. For example, a physicist studies and records findings in order to understand better some phenomena or physical process. On the other hand ,an engineer utilizes scientific information to make a particular process or products for use by consumers. ABET further defines the design portion of engineering activity as follows: 工程学对于其他许多的领域的区别在于，它试图把开发产品和工艺的目的从理论进入到实践，而不是仅仅是观察科学或艺术的现象。例如，一个物理学家研究和记录结果，以便更好地理解一些现象或物理过程。另一方面，工程师利用科学知识，使供消费者使用特定的工艺或产品。ABET进一步明确了工程活动的设计部分如下：

P91 Step1…

Step 1: Recognize the need — Some people mistakenly believe that engineers create need. This is ,of course , no more true than the notion that physicians create illness or farmers

create hunger. The products and processes created by engineering design are a direct response to specific needs of society. The first step in the design process is probably the single most important part of the overall process. Yet it is frequently given inadequate treatment in the design process.

A carefully formulated statement of need can often save considerable time and energy later in the design cycle. Implied in any statement of need is an understanding of the real constraints on the problem. Once a statement of need has been established, the designer would be well advised to review this statement periodically during the design process so that it can be revised if necessary.

一些人错误地认为工程师创造了需求。当然，没有什么比医生创造疾病或者农民创造饥饿这个观念更正确的了。工程设计创造产品和工艺是对社会需求的直接反应。第一步很可能是整个设计过程中最重要的组成部分。然而不适当的处理却在设计过程中频繁地出现。一个精心制定的需求描述经常能在设计周期的后期保存时间和精力。关于需求的任何陈述中都暗示着对问题的真正的限制的理解。一旦建立了一个需求描述，就很好地建议了设计者在设计过程中定期地翻阅这个描述，以便在有必要的时候可以进行修改。

P95 Most companies …

Most companies that are engaged in machine design maintain their own product catalog library. Even though vendors of standard parts may be located far away from your place of business, most use 800 toll-free numbers for information and for others. Many also have local representatives in your community who are knowledgeable and willing to assist you with information. For those standard parts that you find yourself using repeatedly ,you may want to develop your own mini-library of catalogs and specifications

大多数从事机械设计的公司维护自己的产品目录库。尽管大多数标准件供应商可能位于远离你的营业场所的地方，并使用800免费电话号码去提供信息和其他的资讯。但许多供应商也会在你的社区设有知识渊博并愿意为你提供信息的地方代理。对于你发现自己反复使用的这些标准件，你可能想制定自己的目录和规格的微型文库。

P104:Clearly, the overall…

Clearly, the overall superiority of M6 derives from its maximum ratings in respect of stress cracking and mouldability, but what if heat resistance and rigidity were the properties more urgently required? This might well be so, since although

the life of the component could be determined resistance to stress cracking, its resistance to heat and its rigidity could determine whether or not it can do the job at all. (Mouldability is important mainly through its influence on costs ) The relative importance of the various properties therefore depend upon the nature of the application and this can only be assessed by the designer using the tools of function analysis and quality function deployment, as discussed in earlier chapters. For example, he can exercise his judgement in this respect by assigning weighting factors to the various properties, as in Table 6.3.3

很明显地，M6的整体优势来自其关于应力开裂和造型性能的最大等级，但要是耐热性和刚度是更迫切需要的性能又怎样呢？这很可能是这样的，因为虽然该零件的寿命可以通过其抗应力开裂来确定，但其耐热性和其刚度可以确定它是否可以工作。（造型性能是重要的，主要是通过其对成本的影响。）因此，各种性能的相对重要性取决于应用程序的自然特性，这只能通过设计者使用功能分析和质量功能分配的工具进行评估，如在前面章节中的讨论。例如，他可以通过分配权重系数给各种性能在这方面行使判断，如表6.3.3

P104 The choice…

The choice now moves to M5,which means that a short-life materials has been preferred to a long-life material. This emphasizes that weighting factors must be used cautiously, since by their use small changes in heavily weighted properties can mask the effects of large changes in more lightly weighted properties. However ,the next stage will be to examine specific materials within the M5 family in more detail, although for the example shown ,families M1,M3 and M6 should not be ruled out.

选择现在移动至M5，这意味着相对于短寿命的材料更应该首选长寿命的材料。这强调的权重系数必须谨慎使用，因为它们的使用在很大程度上权重性能的微小变化可以掩盖在很轻程度上权重性能大

的变化的影响。然而，下一个阶段将是检查M5系列中更详细的特定材料，尽管对于所示的例子中，系列M1，M3和M6不应被排除。