2021届新高考英语学科变化及相关攻略

2021届新高考英语学科变化及相关攻略
2021届新高考英语学科变化及相关攻略

2021届新高考英语学科变化及相关攻略在2021年的高考中,江苏、湖北、福建、辽宁、广东、重庆、河北、湖南等8个省市将会启动新的高考政策。

根据此前公布的实施方案,8省份将采用“3+1+2”模式。

对一些地区而言,2021年高考将有不少变化,尤其是英语科。就外语考试时间和次数安排,河北省、辽宁省、福建省、湖北省、湖南省、重庆市等6省市拟只在6月份组织1次外语听力和笔试考试,待条件成熟后再实施外语一年两考。江苏省、广东省拟在6月份组织1次外语笔试,将外语听说考试放在平时并实行机考。2020年全国高考英语各省市试卷使用情况

2021年新高考英语浙江、山东、海南、辽宁、河北、福建、广东、湖南、湖北、重庆、江苏三个年级英语均为新高考,其他地区待确认。

1.山东、海南新高考英语试卷结构

2.浙江新高考英语试卷结构

3.天津新高考英语试卷结构

4.上海新高考英语试卷结构

5.北京新高考英语试卷结构

据北京教育考试院消息,从2021年起,北京高考英语增加口语考试,口语加听力考试共计50分,一年安排两次机考,取两次听说机考最高成绩与笔试成绩一同组成英语科目成绩计入高考总分,英语科目总分值不变。

从以上信息不难看出,新高考英语更加注重英语学科的综合能力。

(具体安排请以当地官方发布正式文件为准。)

怎么学?

面对新高考英语学科的这些变化,我们应该如何应对呢?

1. 多听

听是学外语必不可少的。从某种意义上说,外语是听会的。想象一下,把一个不懂英语的小学生或中学生扔到美国去,一年之后,他会说得很好。

为什么?听得太多了,接受的语言信息量太大了。可以尽可能地为自己创造一个外语氛围。

我们练听力的时候,可以注意下面几个问题:

(1)专门时间与闲暇时间结合

在你专门学英语时,你可以全神贯注地听、读、写,但也可以在起床后,睡觉前、吃饭时、娱乐或做家务时,随意听些英语内容,不必刻意捕捉什么。

(2)精听内容与泛听内容结合

要在可能的情况下尽可能扩大信息量,确定精听与泛听内容。泛听内容可以选用长些、超出个人水平、接近实际生活的材料、磁带录像带、广播、电视节目和英语电影等。

2. 多说

谁都希望自己能说一口流利的、漂亮的英语,但说是需要训练的,训练是要张嘴的。

(1)过语音关

将课文或所选的精听材料听熟后一句一句跟读,注意语音语调、连读、失去爆破、停顿、语气,尽量模仿,如有条件可将自己的声音录音后与原带对照、改进。最后朗读并背下全文。

(2)过对话关

我们自习时可以听熟课文中的对话,模拟人物对话,参照真实生活改编对话。

(3)过课文关

在家我们可以先听或先读课文,之后口答课文问题,为了练习说话,口答时最好采用全句的形式。然后可以将这些问题串起来、整理一下、进行课文复述。

(4)过生文关

拿来任意一篇程度相当的文章,不宜过长,如趣味故事,三两分钟,默读一遍,了解故事大意,不要试图背下原句,翻扣文章,开始复述文章梗概,五六句,七八句,言简意赅为好。

(5)过自由表达关

这是指能运用所学英语表述自己的所见、所闻、所为、所想,如简单叙述一件事,简单评述一件事,说话可多可少,关键是要说得有条理。

3.多写

写英语相对而言更严谨,对语言表达的准确性要求更高。

中学生在用英语写文章时非常容易犯简单的语法错误,也非常容易写出中文式的英语,这是因为在写作时同学们常常借助中文思维,再将中文译成英文,而翻译时又过多重视意思,忽略中英文在语言形式上的差异。

精准落实立德树人,全面回归育人初心——2020年高考英语命题评析及教学建议2020年9月,教学考试杂志社与大学基础教育研究领域专家、一线优秀教师等高考命题阅卷组成员携手合作,旨在搭建新高考背景下的一线教学教研平台,对新教材、新课标和《中国高考评价体系》及其说明进行解读、深研,从理论和实践相结合的角度,帮助高中一线教师从多个角度审视、思考、深研新高考,为教学提供更深层次的指导。

本文由赵连杰老师结合《中国高考评价体系》和新课标的相关内容,对2020年高考真题的命制特点进行阐释分析,提出新高考背景下一线教学应“如何教”的具体应对策略,对高考备考、常态化教学都有深刻的指导意义。

考试与评价一直是基础教育课程改革的重点、热点和难点,对一线教学往往起到“牵一发而动全身”的作用。近几年,随着我国基础教育课程改革走向“深水区”,国家对考试与评价的重视程度也提高到了前所未有的高度。2014年9月,国务院发布《关于深化考试招生制度改革的实施意见》,启动考试招生制度改革试点,计划到2020年基本建立中国特色现代教育考试招生制度,形成分类考试、综合评价、多元录取的考试招生模式。2019年6月,《关于新时代推进普通高中育人方式改革的指导意见》颁布,着重提到了要深化考试命题改革,优化试题内容,创新试题形式,科学设置试题难度,提高命题质量,突出立德树人导向。2020年1月,教育部考试中心制定了《中国高考评价体系》和《中国高考评价体系说明》。该体系从高考的核心功能、考查内容、考查要求三个方面回答了“为什么考、考什么、怎么考”的考试本源性问题,回答了在高考领域“培养什么人、怎样培养人、为谁培养人”这一教育根本问题。

在此大背景下,2020年的高考试题体现的命题理念和特点备受瞩目,英语学科也不例外。从某种意义上讲,2020年可被称为真正意义上的英语学科新高考“元”年。其一,2018年《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版)》(以下简称《课程标准》)颁布实施,第一批在《课程标准》指导下学习的学生参加了2020年的高考;其二,2020年新高考是《中国高考评价体系》颁布实施后的首次英语新高考;其三,2020年是山东(新高考Ⅰ卷)、海南(新高考Ⅱ卷)、北京和天津作为第二批高考改革试点省市实施新高考的第一年。教育部考试中心主办的学术期刊《中国考试》提到:“2020年高考英语命题贯彻落实国务院高考内容改革专题会议精神,依托中国高考评价体系,落实立德树人根本任务,促进德智体

美劳全面发展,进一步深化考试内容改革,加强关键能力考查,体现时代性,确保公平性,充分体现了高考立德树人、服务选才、引导教学的功能。”

一、命题特征分析

2020年高考英语学科共有10套试卷。具体包括全国卷Ⅰ(河南、河北、山西、江西、湖北、湖南、广东、安徽、福建)、全国卷Ⅱ(甘肃、青海、内蒙古、黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、宁夏、新疆、陕西、重庆)、全国卷Ⅲ(云南、广西、贵州、四川、西藏)、新高考卷Ⅰ卷(供山东省使用)、新高考Ⅱ卷(供海南省使用)以及高考自主命题卷(北京、天津、上海、浙江、江苏)。总体来看,2020年高考英语试题呈现如下特征:(一)命题素材的思想性

在英语考试中,命制试题的素材是考查英语学科核心素养的情境载体。命题人在选取素材时除了要重视选用真实、地道的语言材料外,其本身的思想性也不容忽视。纵观2020年高考英语试卷,命题素材紧跟时代潮流,贴近现实生活,体现了与时俱进的选材原则。素材体裁多样,包括应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文等,题材广泛,覆盖人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题语境。例如,全国卷Ⅰ涉及的主题内容有人与社会主题语境下的社会服务(阅读理解A篇)、体育活动(阅读理解B篇);人与自我主题语境下的生活与学习(阅读理解B篇)、认识自我(“七选五”)、家庭教育(完形填空)、劳动做事(短文改错);人与自然主题语境下的人与植物(阅读理解D篇)、地球与宇宙奥秘探索(语法填空)。这些素材主题鲜活,思想意义丰富,蕴含社会主义核心价值观,有助于培养考生正确的价值观和必备品格。

(二)试题命制的科学性

2020年高考英语虽然试卷类别较多,但每套试题的质量均较高,其设计不仅符合测试学的一般原理和规律,还高质量地契合了语言测试的特殊要求,试题命制也较为全面地反映了《课程标准》中关于高考命题的建议。总体来看,试题的考查围绕在具体的社会情境中运用英语理解和表达意义的能力展开。同时,在素材选取、试题拟制、形式设计等方面直接或间接地体现了命题人对文化意识、思维品质和学习能力等学科核心素养的重视。此外,试题在价值引领、关键能力考查、难易度把握等方面都非常严谨周全,试卷整体难度比较平稳,全卷没有出现偏题、怪题,对学生基础知识和基本能力的扎实程度要求较高,

这些都释放出学习英语要注重根基、学以致用等信号。值得关注的是,无论是全国卷[如全国卷Ⅰ书面表达],还是新高考Ⅰ卷(供山西省使用)、海南卷、北京卷等都在不同程度上突破了原有固化的试题类型或模式,落实《中国高考评价体系》的要求,突出了对英语学科核心素养的考查,体现了为国家选拔人才,引导教学方向的命题价值观。

(三)反拨教学的导向性

对高考英语而言,理想的预期是其能发挥对基础英语教学的正向反拨,甚至在一定程度上可以起到影响英语教学改革的作用。综合来看,2020年高考英语试题在注重高校人才选拔要求的前提下,努力发挥对教学的积极反拨作用,体现出三种反拨取向。

1.指向立德树人的英语考试改革取向

2020年的高考英语依然继承了过去几年在命题素材中融入中国元素的理念。例如,全国卷Ⅰ语法填空的语篇介绍了中国嫦娥四号无人探测器成功在月球背面着陆的相关内容,展示了我国社会主义建设的最新科技成就,弘扬了科学精神。全国卷Ⅲ的阅读理解A篇,介绍作者与学者们一起游览法国、西班牙、中国和突尼斯,感受四个国家的物质文化古迹。语篇通过在试题情境中融入中华优秀传统文化,达到增强考生文化自信的目的。除了大量的中国元素外,试题命制还有机结合了立德树人的时代特征和当下情境。譬如,北京卷的应用文和情景作文的大背景均为新冠疫情,命题情境的创设与学生对现实生活的感知紧密相关。

立德树人的命题取向还体现在语篇素材的选取上,选取素材时有机地渗透着对德智体美劳“五育”的关注。譬如,体现关注体育运动、提高运动意识的语篇有竞走运动及其与跑步的不同之处[全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇],欢迎外国友人到中国学习武术[全国卷Ⅱ短文改错]等;体现对美育意识的渗透和唤醒的语篇有介绍英国某湖区的文化类旅游景点[全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解A篇],对照说明去复原一件艺术品[北京卷阅读理解C篇]等;体现劳育中认同劳动、尊重劳动、体验劳动的语篇有通过半工半读完成学业[新高考Ⅰ卷(供山西省使用)阅读理解B篇]等。总之,这些语篇不仅向学生展示了我国社会主义建设的新成就和中华优秀传统文化,引导学生坚定理想信念、弘扬爱国主义情怀,切实增强“四个自信”,还力图隐性地实现英语学科独特的育人价值。总之,随着“课程思政”作为一种综合教育理念被提出和推行,我们可以预见的是,未来的英语考试改革将长期紧密围绕立德树人的根本目标而展开。

2.指向学科核心素养的试题命制取向

《课程标准》在对高考英语的命题建议中明确指出,要根据普通高中英语课程目标和理念确定命题导向和原则,在考查学生的英语语言运用能力的同时,渗透对文化意识、思维品质和学习能力的考查。纵观2020年高考英语的各类试题,都在不同程度上体现出了对《课程标准》中的命题建议的回应。譬如,新高考Ⅰ卷(供山东省使用)和新高考Ⅱ卷(供海南省使用)都在书面表达中取消了“短文改错”这一题型,引进了“读后续写”新题型。此外,指向英语学科核心素养的试题命制取向的另一个命题特征是重视考查学生的语篇思维。试题中不同的语篇类型为考查学生的英语学科核心素养提供了丰富的语境支持。

例如,以下选自新高考Ⅰ卷(供山东省使用)第二部分语言运用的第二节。限于篇幅,本文节选少许部分进行分析。

Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries,36 (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big 37 until they died, and then it was given to a museum.

本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍在十八和十九世纪人们所收集的藏品的最终去向,以及现代博物馆的各种功能。36题考查名词wealth转换为形容词wealthy,难度不大,基本属于在语境中考查语言知识的层次。但37题则需要考生精准把握该语篇的内容,才有可能填出表示选择关系的连词or。这种文本精读能力单靠以语言知识为本的教学是难以培养的,只有依托语篇教学,使语言知识学习融于具体语境,才可能实现。

3.指向真实问题解决的关键能力取向

关键能力衔接了高考长期以来确立的“能力立意”的命题理念,是高考考查的重点内容。由于英语学科核心素养的关键点是在问题情境中分析问题和解决问题的能力,因此指向真实问题解决的关键能力考查成为了英语学科核心测评的客观要求。通过梳理和分析2020年高考英语试卷,笔者发现,除了常规上必须考查的运用英语对信息进行提取、梳理、归纳、转换、分析等关键能力外,命题的问题解决取向也已经凸显,表现形式主要为间接隐性考查和直接显性考查。前者的试题案例多见于阅读理解、完形填空等题型,后者则体现在书面表达上。

例如,全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解B篇和C篇,分别选取了有关动物保护争议和英国多代同堂的生活方式的素材,在试题设问上体现对学生分析、论证、推理等高阶思维能力的考查。从全国卷的写作命题来看,无论是以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题,写一篇短文参赛(全国卷Ⅰ),为班级英语角写一篇短文介绍一次周末去农场采摘的活动(全国卷Ⅱ),还是给外教写邮件请求其帮忙指导根据英语课文改编的一个短剧(全国卷Ⅲ),都是通过设置与学生日常生活密切相关的命题情境,直接考查学生运用英语解决真实问题的能力。这也契合了《课程标准》在学业质量水平二中对“写”的要求。

二、总体教学建议

根据《中国高考评价体系》,高考的核心功能之一是引导教学。在分析了2020年高考英语命题特征及其考查理念的基础上,本文提出以下教学建议:

(一)确立学科育人导向的教学价值观念

基于立德树人学科育人观的普通高中英语课程目标,旨在使新时代英语课程能集中体现学科育人价值。2020年高考英语试题在素材选取、题目设置、题型创新等方面都凸显了育人导向的测试理念,反映出高考英语试题在进一步强化高考的育人功能,落实立德树人的根本任务。为实现考试与教学的良性互动,笔者建议广大一线英语教师及时更新教育教学观念,尽快明晰和树立学科育人导向的英语教学价值观,充分释放英语课程与教学的育人效力,帮助学生在语言学习的过程中构建新知、提升能力、发展思维、培养品格。

(二)构建指向核心素养培育的教学系统

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