英语时态语态(完整精编版)

时态语态

一、一般现在时（The Simple Present Tense）

1、结构

1）(Active) do; does

2）(Passive) is (am, are) done

2、主要用法

①表示经常发生的动作和存在的状态。

e.g. I often come to school early.

②表示主语的特征，性格和能力。

e.g. He is an engineer. He looks young.

③表示客观事实，或普遍真理。

e.g. The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.

Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。

④在时间，条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。

e.g. I’ll tell him about it when he returns home.

⑤表示按时刻表计划或安排好的动作。（只限于表示起始或移动意义的动词。begin, come, leave, start, arrive, go, etc.）

e.g. I will find out when the train leaves.

The plane for San Francisco takes off at three p.m..

3、与一般现在时连用的时间状语：every day, once a week, twice a week, always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never etc.

e.g. I go to the cinema once a week.

e.g. Sometimes we work until twelve o’clock.

4、主动变被动

1）Do you often clean your room?

Is your room often cleaned?

2）People speak English in many countries.

English is spoken in many countries.

二、一般过去时（The Simple Past Tense）

1、结构

1）(Active) did

2）(Passive) was/were done

2、主要用法

①表示过去的动作或状态。

②表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作，也可用：used to + v. 或would + v.

e.g. He used to have two brothers.

e.g. When he was free, he would go and help others.

③在条件和时间状语从句中，表示过去将来的动作。

e.g. I told him I would lend him my bike if Mr. Smith returned it to me the next day.

3、一般过去时常与这些时间状语连用：yesterday, before liberation, in 1960, two years ago, last month, in the past, the other day, etc.

e.g. I happened to meet him in the street the other day.

4、主动变被动

1）The tiger in the zoo frightened the little girl.

The little girl was frightened by the tiger in the zoo.

2）They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.

He was given a medal for his wonderful work.

三、一般将来时（The Simple Future Tense）

1、结构

1）(Active) will do /shall

2、主要用法

①表示将来的动作和状态。

e.g. The farmers will begin to pick apples next Monday.

e.g. He will come to see us tomorrow.

②表示将来的其他用法：

<1>be going to + v. 表示打算、准备做的事，或根据迹象表明即将发生或肯定要发生的事。

e.g. How are you going to spend your holidays?

It’s going to snow.

There’s going to be a lot of trouble about this.

<2>be about to + v.表示即刻要发生的动作。*be about to…when…

e.g. I was about to go swimming when luckily our guide saw me and sh outed at me “stop!”

<3>be to + v. 表示安排或计划好的动作。

e.g. A new hospital is to be built in our district.

We are to meet at the school gate at five o’clock this afternoon.

<4>现在进行时表示按计划安排要发生的事。限于某些瞬时动词，如：leave, go, come, arrive, start, etc.

e.g. My uncle is arriving at 3:30p.m. tomorrow.

3、一般将来时常与这些时间状语连用：tomorrow, next week, in a moment, in the future, etc.

e.g. ---How soon will he be back?

---He will be back in two weeks.

4、主动变被动

1）People will laugh at you if you wear that dress.

You will be laughed at if you wear that dress.

2）They won't hold the meeting until next Friday.

The meeting won’t be held until next Friday.

3）The doctor will ask the patient some questions before he gives her medicine.

The patient will be asked some questions before she is given the medicine.

四、过去将来时（The Past Future Tense）

1、结构

1）(Active) would do

2）(Passive) would be done

2、用法说明

不能独立使用，通常用在宾语从句中，表示从过去某一点看，在将来发生的动作或存在的状态。

e.g. He told me that he would go to Beijing the next month.

At that time I did not know if he would be able to finish the work on time.

五、现在进行时（The Present Continuous Tense）

1、结构

1）(Active) is/am/are doing

2）(Passive) is/am/are being done

2、主要用法

①表示说话的时刻正在进行的动作。

e.g. ---What are they doing?

---They are playing in the garden.

②表示现阶段正在进行的动作,尽管此刻这个动作可能并不在进行。

e.g. The manager is typing his letters these days.

He is a teacher of physics, but he is now teaching math.

She is working in a bookshop. 他目前在一家书店工作。

③现在进行时用来表示将来(Future use)，即表示按计划或安排在最近将要进行的动作。这种用法仅限于少数表示动作的动词，如arrive, come, go, have, leave, start, stay等。

e.g. How long are you staying in Xi'an? 你将在西安呆多久？

We're having a holiday next Monday. 我们将在下星期一放假。

④现在进行时态如果同副词always, constantly, continually 等连用，常带有或褒或贬的语气。

e.g. He is always helping me with my English.（称赞）

She is constantly coming late. 她老迟到。（不满）

3、注意*下列动词不能用进行时态：

感官类：see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, look, seem, appear等

感觉类：hate, love, fear, like, want, wish, prefer, refuse, forgive等

存在类：be, exist, remain, stay, obtain

占有从属类：have, possess, own, contain, belong, consist of等

认知类：understand, know, believe, think, doubt, forget, remember等

e.g. I understand what you mean.

I love our great motherland.

I (can) smell something burning.

The flower smells sweet.

六、过去进行时（The Past Continuous Tense）

1、结构

1）(Active) was/were doing

2）(Passive) was/were being done

2、主要用法

①表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。

e.g. What were you doing this time yesterday?

I was writing a letter when she came in.

②表示过去某阶段在进行的暂时性习惯动作。

e.g. He is a doctor, but at that time he was working in a laboratory.

③表示过去将要发生的动作，但只限于一些表示起始和移动意义的动词。

e.g. I had thought that he was coming to see me the next day, but he didn’t.

When I got there, they were preparing for their trip, as they were leaving that afternoon.

④表示刚才的情况。

e.g. I was asking what you thought of it.

e.g. --Can you give me the right answer?

--Sorry, I wasn’t listening. Would you please repeat that question?

⑤描写故事的背景。

七、现在完成时（The Present Perfect Tense）

1、结构

1）(Active) have/has done

2）(Passive) have/has been done

2、主要用法

①表示发生在过去的动作到现在为止已经完成，或刚刚完成。

e.g. He has finished reading the book today.

There have been great changes in Beijing in the past twenty years.

②表示发生在过去的动作一直延续到现在。

e.g. The conference has lasted for five days.

We have known each other since we were children.

③表示动作在过去完成，构成主语的经历。

e.g. I have been to the Great Wall three times.

This is the fourth time that I have seen the film. I like it very much.

④表示动作发生在过去，但对现在的情况产生影响。

e.g. Thank you. I have had my supper.

I’m sorry I can’t go with you. I have seen the film.

⑤在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来完成的动作。（表示这一动作先于另一动作。）

e.g. I will go and see the exhibition as soon as I have got the recorder repaired.

I will lend the book to you when I have finished reading it.

*注意事项：瞬间动作的肯定式一般不可与表示一段时间的状语一起用于现在完成时。瞬间动词的否定式可以与表示一段时间状语一起用于现在完成时。

e.g. He has come here for two days. ×

He has been here for two days. √

It is two days since he came here. √

He came here two days ago. √

He has not come here for two days. √

3)现在完成时常与这些时间状语连用：already, not…y et, three times, lately, just, It is the first/ second/ third time that…before, in recent years, since…, for two years, in/during the past few years, so far, up to/till now

e.g. In the past twenty years, great changes have taken place in China.

八、过去完成时（The Past Perfect Tense）

1、结构

1）(Active)had done

2）(Passive)had been done

2、主要用法

表示过去某个时间以前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。

e.g. He had already left when I got there.

They showed us the machine which they had produced.

*若句子中含有before, after, as soon as, until 等连词引导的时间状语从句，通常可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。

e.g. After he finished the task, he left for the next town.

?It is the first/second…time that 从句。的从句中一般用现在完成时。

?另外：“It is/ has been + 一段时间+ since…did……” since从句动词通常用过去时，主句

用完成时。

?有些瞬间性动词在完成时态的肯定句不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。要连用时须

用状态动词。

?成对的词有：become/be; die/be dead; leave/ be away; join the army/serve the army…

九、现在完成进行时（The Present Perfect continuous Tense）

1、结构

1）(Active) have/has been doing

2）(Passive)

2、主要用法

表示动作从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在，现在这个动作可能刚刚终止，也可能仍然在进行着。

e.g. We have been listening to the radio for an hour.

--Y ou look tired, don’t you?

--Y es, I have been painting the room all day.

十、过去完成进行时（The Past Perfect Continuous Tense ）

1、结构

1）(Active)had been doing 2）(Passive) 2、主要用法

表示过去某一时间以前一直在进行的动作。

e.g. It had been raining for two days. The fields were all under water.

At last they got the telegram they had been expecting.

十一、时态呼应

*当从句含有某一具体的过去时间状语时，其谓语不用过去完成时。

e.g. He told me he was born in 1954.

The man said that he joined the army in the year 1964.

主动变被动

1)I have told him that he didn't satisfy his examiner.

He was told that his examiner didn’t satisfied by him.

2)They have found ways to make waste water clean.

The ways to make waste water clean were found by them.