商务文本翻译(HANDOUT)
商务文本翻译（handout）
商务英语属功能性语言的范畴，是英语的一种社会功能变体，是英语在商务场合中的应用。它涉及技术引进、对外贸易、招商引资、对外劳务承包与和合同、国际合同，国际金融、涉外保险、国际旅游、海外投资、国际运输等等。
商务英语源于普通英语，并以此为基础，完全具有普通英语的语言学特征，但同时它又是商务知识和普通英语的综合体，因而具有其内在的独特性，主要有以下几个方面的特点：
●专业词汇词义的“专一”和词义的“歧义”并存
●用词正式严谨
●商务英语不同于普通英语的另一个特点是许多专业词汇词义变化不大，如
D/P （document against payment）付款交单，不管在什么上下文，都是指出口方在委托银行收款时，指示银行只有在付款人付清贷款是，才能向其交出货运单据。
●Instrument of payment, instrument of pledge, instrument of ratification
商务文本的语篇风格特点：
根据商务英语在商务交际活动中的功能，商务语类语篇可分为商务信函（busines correspondence）、备忘录(Memorandum)，会议纪要(Synopsis of Minutes)，广告(Commercials)，报告(Report)，通知(Notice)，说明书(Specification)，协议或合同(Agreement or Contract)，以及各种相关单据与表格（Bills and Forms）。
“特定的语篇题材要求特定的语篇结构”
七原则：
●完整原则
●具体原则
●清楚原则
●简洁原则
●礼貌原则
●体谅原则
●正确原则
商务文本的功能与翻译
商务文本属信息文本，是以传递信息为主要目的，由注意信息传递效果的实用问题，以“信息”和“呼唤”功能突出。
鉴于不同的商务体裁有不同的交际目的和功能，翻译策略也不应一概而论。商务翻译要求译员首先要精通两种语言文化，不但要有语言学，翻译理论和翻译策略和技术等知识，还要熟知商务文本格式和术语，行文用字要符合和商业尺牍和规范。
德国功能翻译理论简介
译者具有高度的责任心和严肃认真，一丝不苟的工作作风-------语篇层面必须译文的规范性，整体性以及礼貌功能等反面的对等-------语法层面必须作到译文简洁，严肃和庄重-------词汇层面必须作到对原文用词准确理解并在译文中精确传译。(从大到小)
●准确性是商务英语翻译的第一要求，它包括对商务术语、一次多义现象和数
字概念等的准确解读和翻译，这就要求我们在翻译时必须深刻理解原文术语的含义，并把它们规范地再到译文中。
●Example: Multinational bank’s services include issuing letter of credit,
buying and selling foreign exchange, issuing banker’s acceptances, accepting eurocurrency deposits, making eurocurrency loans, and assisting in the markting of eurobonds.
●错译：跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证，买卖外汇，开立银行承兑，
接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行噢周货币债卷。
●在翻译时尽力避免罗嗦、迂腐‘尽可能使用汉语中的委婉词语，文言句式或
介词结构等，这样翻译出来的文章就显得既简洁晓畅，又庄重老练。
●就语篇层面而言，译者必须了解商务领域的行业规范和背景知识，熟悉商务
运作的成套术语和各类商务语篇的表达模式与结构，要确保译文的专业性，整体性、礼貌性，并努力使译文的语气与原文一致，传达相同的功能。
●商务语篇翻译的关键是实现英汉两种语言同一语篇类型在功能上的对等，译
文必须再现原文所传递的信息内容，语气，文体特征和专业特点，确保源语语篇与译语语篇实现相同的交际目的。
●此外，商务语篇的问题特征决定了他的文本形式相对固定，大多有约定俗成
的“通用文体规范”，因此翻译时应大限度“求同”，因而翻译策略的主流“规划”多于“异化”
商务翻译：功能+忠诚
商务翻译（小结）：
商务文本的功能是文本发送者根据不不同的交际目的，采取不同交际策略、选择不同的文本形式决定的，如商务信函、商务合同、会议纪要、产品广告等有它们各自得交际目的和功能以及不同的文本形式，但其交际目的决定了它们的信息型、呼唤型文本功能。商务翻译属应用翻译的范畴，其目的是实现译文在译语文化环境中所期望达到的一种~~
SL: A confirmed irrevocable letter of credit shall be established within 15 days after the conclusion of the contract and /such letter of credit shall be maintained at least 15 days after the month of shipment for the negotiation of the relative draft./If the Buyers fail to provide such letter of credit in the Sellers’ favor as prescribed above, the Sellers shall have the option of reselling the contracted goods for the account of the Buyers or delaying any shipment and/or canceling any orders at any time on the Buyers’ account and risk.
TL:保兑的不可撤销信用证须在合约签订之后十五天内开支，而且，该信用证须在货物付运月份之后至少十五天内有效
SL: These projects, by adopting achievements in advanced science and technology, are capable of greatly increasing the output of products, improving their quality and performance, effectively reducing the cost of production, economizing on energy and materials and increasing the export of products for foreign exchanges.
TL: 这些项目采用先进科技成果，能大幅度提高产品产量，质量和性能，有效的降低生产成本，节约能源和材料，促进出口创汇。
SL: They shall take such reasonable measures as may be available to them to ensure that local government and non-governmental standardizing bodies within their territories, as well as regional standardizing bodies标准化机构of which they or one or more bodies within their territories are members, accept and comply with this Code of Good Practice.
TL:他们应采取其所能采取的合理措施，保证其领土内的地方政府和非政府标准化机构，以及他们参加的或其领土内一个或多个机构参加的区域标准化组织接受并遵守该《良好行为规范》。
SL: Regardless of their seniority, all employees who hope to be promoted will continue their education either by enrolling in the special course to be offered by the ABC Company, scheduled to be given on the next eight Saturdays beginning on January 24, or by taking approved correspondence course selected from a list available in the staff Development Office.
TL:无论什么资历的职员，如果想得到提拔，就要继续培训，他们可以报名参加ABC公司提供的特殊课程，执意课程安排在1月24日开始的八个星期六里，他们也可以参加员工的~~~~~
SL: 合同期满后，如引进技术所涉及的专利尚未期满，应当按照有关规定办理。TL:If, on the expiry of a contract, the term for a patent relating to the imported technology has yet to expiry, the case shall be handle in accordance with the relevant provisions.
SL: Multinational bank's services include issuing letter of credit, buying and selling foreign exchange, issuing banker's acceptances, accepting eurocurrency deposits, making eurocurrency loans, and assisting in the marketing of eurobonds.
TL:
SL:
14 Decmeber,2006
Shandong Foreign Trade Company
41 Heping Road, jinan硬纸箱受损，愿代为索赔
Shandong, China 中国，山东
济南和平路41号
山东对外贸易公司
Dear Sirs, 敬，启者
Thank you for your letter dated December 7, regarding to your order
B82-549. 感谢你12月7日关于第B82-549号定单的来信
We regret to know that the cartons were broken. As you know, we always pack our shipments with great care. We have made investigation on this matter. We can ascertain that the breakage took place during transit.得知硬纸箱破裂，非常遗憾，如您所知，本公司对货物包装一向非常严格。经调查，可以确定，纸箱破裂是在运输中发生的。
Therefore, the claim should be lodged against the shipping company, who should be held responsible. We thank you for your letter, and if you wish, we would be happy to do it for you.因此，贵公司应向船运公司提出索赔，他们应对此负责，我们非常感谢您的来信。您若愿意，我们也可代你向其索赔 We are looking forward to your early reply. 敬候赐复，
Yours sincerely,
Attorney Brothers Ltd. 安东尼兄弟有限公司
John Attorney经理，约翰.安东尼谨上
Manager 2006年12月14日
By Irrevocable Letter of Credit available by Sellers documentary bill at sight to be valid for negotiation in China until 15 days after date of shipment, the Letter of Credit must reach the Sellers 30 days before the contracted month of shipment.
TL:
SL: 客商从开发区企业分得的利润汇出境外时，免征所得税。
TL:
新编剑桥商务英语(中级)课文翻译[精品文档]
新编剑桥商务英语（中级）课文翻译 BEC课文翻译 1、We wanna hold your hand 我们愿与你携手创业 带着浓厚的经营意识，加上一些进取精神，再来瞧瞧，哈!你拥有了一家连锁店!如果想自己开店、大展身手却又苦于缺乏经验，同时又不想在这个充满风险的昙花一现的独立法人世界中立足，那么开家连锁店不失为一个明智之举。然而你必须明白自己将从事何种性质的经营，这是至关重要的。特许经营就是由一方(授予特许经营者)授权允许另一方(加盟特许经营者)使用其商标或商号，并使用其一揽子经营理念。 那么特许经营背后所隐藏的主要理念是否结合了自己独立开店和为公司打工这两种理念?英国特许经营协会会长丹·阿齐尔回答说：“绝非如此，这是一种可笑的过于简单的看法。其实这还是由你来经营自己的公司，但是避免了一些风险，同时增加了别人的支持。”他指出，相比大多数遭受失败的独立经营者，只有0.9％的特许经营店以失败告终。 尽管如此，成为特许经销商不可能使那些极具冒险精神的人感到满足。它不适合那些不想循规蹈矩的人。达美乐比萨特许经销店的销售经理威廉姆·尤班克这样说道：“如果你充满开创冒险的精神，这种形式不适合于你。它是一种原则规约，一个必须遵守规则的俱乐部。虽说有一定的独立性——我们的特许经销商可以自己制定价格表，但我们对菜单的内容要求非常严格。这是在帮助下经营公司。” 阿丝特丽德·帕狄尔刚刚成为达美乐比萨店的特许经营者，她告别了律师生涯，和她的丈夫合开一家特许经营店。“与其把所有的时间和精力倾注到为别人卖命的工作中，不如投入于自己的公司中。”帕狄尔三十一岁时放弃了薪水可观、受人尊敬的律师职业，转而经营这家比萨店，并获得回报。公司收益颇丰，业务出现了增长。 当然如果你下定决心，白手起家地单干，你随时可以从总店分离出去，另立门户，发展特许经营店。 阿齐尔说，想要设立特许经营店的新公司数目与日俱增。“加入这个队伍的人数多得令人难以置信，他们年龄越来越小，投资越来越少，他们获得回报后进行更大的风险投资。”如果能够募集到起步经费，开设自己的特许经营店，就为冒险家一展身手提供了理想机会 2、Not sold on sales “你好!我在销售部工作。”这话来自一个不善于开场白的人。不是吗?至少听起来不像战斗机飞行员或是无国界医师组织的理事那么神气。不幸的是，在销售部门工作总是摆脱不了乏味的形象，并与无商不奸的概念紧紧相联。这些也是毕业生求职问题之所在。另一方面，营销——一种不那么直接的销售方式，作为职业选择更受青睐，而且在晚餐会上听起来也更体面。原因何在?东芝电器公司的人力资源部经理苏珊·史蒂文斯认为：营销工作“显得很风光”，并且毕业生们“期待从事创造性的活动，参加公关活动，经常旅行，享受免费的娱乐”。然而
商务合同翻译
商务合同的严谨：英译需注意问题 [ 2006-3-22 11:36:00 | By: dushun1982 ] 前言 英译商务合同貌似简单，实则不然。商务合同是一种特殊的应用文体，重在记实，用词行文的一大特点就是准确与严谨。 本文拟运用翻译教学中所积累的英译商务合同的实例，从三个方面论述如何从大处着眼、小处着手、力求准确严谨英译商务合同。 一、酌情使用公文语惯用副词 商务合同属于法律性公文，所以英译时，有些词语要用公文语词语、特别是酌情使用英语惯用的一套公文语副词，就会起到使译文结构严谨、逻辑严密、言简意赅的作用。但是从一些合同的英文译本中发现，这种公文语副同常被普通词语所代替，从而影响到译文的质量。 实际上，这种公文语惯用副同为数并不多，而已构词简单易记。常用的这类副词是由 here、there、w here 等副词分别加上 after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with 等副词，构成一体化形式的公文语副词。例如： 从此以后、今后：hereafter； 此后、以后：thereafter； 在其上：thereonthereupon； 在其下：thereunder； 对于这个：hereto； 对于那个：whereto； 在上文：hereinabovehereinbefore； 在下文：hereinafterhereinbelow； 在上文中、在上一部分中：thereinbefore； 在下文中、在下一部分中：thereinafter． 现用两个实例，说明在英译合同中如何酌情使用上述副词。 例 1：本合同自买方和建造方签署之日生效。 This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the B uilder. 例 2：下述签署人同意在中国制造新产品，其品牌以此为合适。 The undersigned hereby agrees that the new products whereto this trade name is more appropri ate are made in China. 二、谨慎选用极易混淆的词语 英译商务合同时，常常由于选同不当而寻致词不达意或者意思模棱两可，有时甚至表达的是完全不同的含义。因此了解与掌握极易混淆的词语的区别是极为重要的，是提高英译质量的关键因素之一，现把常用且易混淆的七对词语，用典型实例论述如下。 2.1 shipping advice 与 shipping instructions shipping advice 是“装运通知”，是由出口商（卖主）发给进口商（买主）的。然而 shipping
商务翻译实践文本1.doc
“No innovation can replace direct discussions” From Fortune, July 26, 2004 That’s what Samsung CEO Jong-Yong Yun, whose company prizes technology, says about understanding local markets. Going global has always been a tricky business. For many people, the emergence of a global economy has meant unprecedented wealth and unparalleled access to goods and services. A cosmetics brand born in Tennessee can become wildly popular in Shanghai. For those in business, however, globalization has brought unrelenting change and fierce competition. To find out how the best companies manage in a world that’s getting smaller and more complicated, we asked two CEOs of Fortune Global 500 companies how they’ve stayed on the top of the game. Whether based in Europe, the US, or Asia, they’ve successfully managed global businesses in everything from refrigerators to fragrances. Here’s what they had to say. Lindsay Owen-Jones L’Oreal CEO since 1988 ON WHAT MAKES A GLOBAL BRAND: Ultimately it is a question of imagination and intuition in equal parts. It is intuition (when one asks) what do these brands have that just might seduce the world? But also in terms of imagination, what could they become to seduce the world? It took imagination to think that a nice, homey, very basic, user-friendly, popular, and cheap but really not sophisticated make-up line called Maybelline made in Memphis could become the hottest thing for young women in Shanghai. That is why this business is always looking for candidates who not only have basic business disciplines but also an ability to dream. We call them, in French, poets et paysans. ON RESEARCHING MARKETS: We try to do a major market visit every month. Since the beginning of the year we’ve been to the US, Japan, R ussia, Germany, and Brazil. Typically, the first day we will spend just visiting stores. That is an opportunity not just to look at the stores but to look at what women are wearing and what they’ve got in their shopping carts. You look at them buying all kinds of other things, not just our products. I usually like to have a quick look at the clothes department if it is a department store. Or perhaps cereal or instant coffee if I’m in a supermarket. ON BEAUTY: Understanding what women want anywhere, including your home country, is a major challenge, especially in something as personal as beauty. People do not talk honestly of their aspirations. You knock on the door and say, “Do you have a secret aspiration to be a chic French woman?”-they would laugh you out of the door. The key words I would use are observation, cultural understanding, empathy, and intuition. These are probably more important than the traditional scientific marketing-research approaches. I think we are helped by our European heritage. Cultural diversity is an everyday factor of differences. Our success in the US has been heightened by our understanding and awareness of ethnic differences. Every new country you are successful in gives you an added dimension of understanding how the world is different. ON SETTING AN EXAMPLE: When you have spent a day tramping from morning to evening, and from store to store, eating sandwiches in a minibus as you go from one place to another, you are sending an unwritten message to teams everywhere in the world that the CEO is doing the same thing he expects them to do- which is for all of us to avoid (living) in some sort of ivory tower and to listen to our customers.
商务文本翻译尺度的探讨
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商务信函汉英翻译.doc
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六大类英文商务书信范文
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商务文本翻译的方法和技巧
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