大学综合英语第二单元答案

基础英语第二单元答案

Unit 2 The Fun They Had

Page 26

I.A

II.1. T; 2. F; 3. T; 4. F; 5. T.

III.1. A real book is a very old book in which stories are printed on yellow and crinkly pages.

2. They must be using telebooks, as is mentioned in the text.

3. She hates school because she has been doing worse and worse in her

tests of geography.

4. She was disappointed because she had been hoping they would take the

teacher away altogether.

5. It gave Margie an arithmetic lesson on the addition of proper fractions.

6. The schools in Margie’s day give classes by computer, assigning

homework by computer software programs while students in the old days

went to school to attend their lessons given by human teachers,

experiencing interaction, friendliness and team spirit instead of taking

lessons alone at home as Tommy and Margie do.

IV.1. Her mother asked the County Inspector to come over.

2. The mechanical teacher worked out the mark very quickly.

3. Tommy looked at Margie with an air which suggested he knew far better

about school than others.,

4. A teacher has to make necessary changes about what to teach and how

to teach so as to meet the different needs of different pupils.

I. Vocabulary Analysis

1. Phrase practice

1. be through with = have sth. finished完成

-have finished reading

2. look over one’s shoulder = by looking from behind one's shoulder透过某人肩上看

-by looking from behind his shoulder

3. be good for = is capable of providing

4. sent for = sent a message asking for the assistance of

5. take … apart =dissemble拆开；粗暴对待

-disassembled the mechanical teacher.

4. be prepared to = like/ want to想要做

-didn’t like / want to

II.

1. in no time;

2. crinkly;

3. scornful;

4. neighborhood;

5. awfully;

6. adjusting;

7. tuck;

8. nonchalantly;

9. punched;

10. fit.

III. Word comparison

1.

entitle:to give a title to a book

tag:if you tag something, you attach something to it or mark it so that it can be identified later

head:if a page is headed with a particular name, title, image, etc. it has it on the top label:to use a word or phrase to describe someone or something, but often unfairly or incorrectly

2.

scornful:if you are scornful of someone or something, you show contempt for them proud:feeling pleased about something that you have done or something that you own, or about someone or something you are involved with or in

sorrowful:very sad

afraid:if you are afraid of someone or afraid to do something, you are frightened because you think that something very unpleasant is going to happen to you

3.

technical: a technical language is the one that is difficult for most people to understand because it is connected with one particular subject or used in one particular job

mechanical:describing machines or their parts

.The plane appeared to have crashed because of a mechanical problem. sentimental:relating to or involving feelings such as pity or love, especially for things in the past

logical:seeming reasonable and sensible

4.

code:a set of rules which are accepted as general principles, or a set of written rules which state how people in a particular organization or country should behave

discipline:the practice of making people obey rules or standards of behavior, and punishing them when they do not

key:the part of a plan, action, etc, that will make it possible for it to succeed

principle:a basic idea or rule that explains or controls how something happens or works

5.

number:to give a number to something that is part of an ordered set or list

calculate:to judge the number or amount of something by using the information that you already have, and adding, multiplying, subtracting or dividing numbers figure:to calculate an amount

estimate:If you estimate a quantity or value, you make an approximate judgment or calculation of it.

6.

score:the number of points, goals, etc. achieved in a game or competition

point:one of the marks or numbers that shows your score in a game or sport

mark:a point that is given for a correct answer or for doing something well in an exam or competition

number:one of a series of symbols used in counting, which is used to mark a particular example of something

7.

superior: used to describe someone who believes that they are better than other people and acts in such a way

lofty:if you say that someone behaves in a lofty way, you are criticizing them for behaving in a proud and rather unpleasant way, as if they think they are very important

stupid:if you say that someone or something is stupid, you mean that they show a lack of good judgment or intelligence and they are not sensible at all

advanced:modern and well developed

8.

smart:intelligent or sensible

wise:a wise person is able to use their experience and knowledge in order to make sensible decisions and judgments

intelligent:being able to learn and understand things easily

modern:made or done using the most recent designs or methods

IV.

1. a. funny; b. interesting; c. interesting; d. funny.

2. a. silent; b. silent; c. still; d. still.

3. a. dispute; b. arguing; c. disputing; d. arguing.

4. a. usual; b. usual; c. Regular; d. regular.

V. Synonym / Antonym

Give synonyms or antonyms of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.

1. Today Tommy found a real book.

Synonyms: actual, genuine, true

2. They turned the pages, which were yellow and crinkly, and it was awfully funny to read words that stood still instead of moving the way they were supposed to—on a screen, you know.

Antonyms: moving, movable, mobile, restless,

3. They turned the pages, which were yellow and crinkly, and it was awfully funny to read words that stood still instead of moving the way they were supposed to—on a screen, you know.

Synonyms: rough, coarse, uneven

4. Margie always hated school, but now she hated it more than ever.

Antonyms: like, love, enjoy

5. Margie was scornful.

Synonyms: disdainful, contemptuous

6. Tommy looked at her with very superior eyes.

Antonyms: inferior, subordinate, secondary

7. “Maybe,” he said nonchalantly.

Synonyms: indifferently, coldly, coolly, casually, offhandedly

8. Little girls learned better if they learned at regular hours.

Antonyms: irregular, uncertain, random

4. Word derivation

Fill in the blank(s) in each sentence with an appropriate form of the given word in brackets.

1. It’s quite pointless to ask him again. He’ll never agree. (point)

point (n.)点，要点，尖端，细节，目标

pointless (adj.)不尖的，钝的，不得要领的

pointy (adj.)非常尖的，有明显尖状突出部分的

2. No, this is not the original; it’s a good reproduction, though. (produce)

produce（v.）生产，提出，引起，生产

product (n.)产品，成果

production (n.)生产，产品，产量，作品，成果

productivity (n.)生产率，生产能力

productive (adj.)能生产的，有生产价值的，多产的

reproduce (v.)复制，再生，生殖

reproduction (n.)复制品，复制，繁殖，生殖

3. We’d better go by train. The car is too unreliable for such a long journey. (rely) rely(v.)依赖，依靠

reliable (adj.)可靠地，可信的

reliability (n.)可靠性

unreliable (adj.)不可靠的

unreliability (n.)不可靠性，不安全性

4. Thanks to your generosity we have now collected the money we need. (generous) generous（adj.）慷慨的，宽宏大量的，丰盛的，味浓的

generousness (n.)慷慨，宽大，丰富，肥沃

generosity (n.)慷慨，大方

5. Jenny has sent me a very apologetic letter explaining why she didn’t do what she had promised. (apology)

apology (n.)道歉；勉强的替代物

apologize (v.)道歉，谢罪

apologetical (adj.)辩解的

apologetic (adj.)道歉的，认错的，赔罪的

6. You must realize that such disobedience cannot be tolerated. (obey)

obey (v.)服从，听从，顺从

obedient (adj.)服从的，顺从的

obedience (n.)服从，顺从

disobedient (adj.)不服从的，不顺从的

disobedience (n.)不服从，违抗

7. I have never worked for such a considerate employer; I think all the other employees have the same opinion (employ)

employ（v.）雇佣，使用

employee (n.)雇员

employment (n.)职业，雇佣，使用

employer (n.)雇主

employless (adj.)失业的，无业的

unemployment (n.)失业率，失业人数

unemploy (v.)解雇，使失业

8. Without your encouragement he would never have been able to do it. (courage)

courage (n.)勇敢，胆量

courageous (adj.)勇敢的

discourage (v.)使气馁，阻碍

discouraged (adj.)泄气的，沮丧的

encouragement (n.)鼓劲

discouragement (n.)挫折

II. Grammar Exercises

1. Generic reference and specific reference of a/an, the

We usually use “the” when we talk about things that are unique: the sun, the sky, etc, and about things that are context specific and are known by both the speaker and the listener. If we want to describe a particular instance of these we can use “a/an”.

. I could see the plane (context specific, both the speaker and the listener know about the plane that is mentioned) high up in the sky (unique).

When I woke up there was a bright blue sky (an instance).

2. "Go to school" or "go to the school"

A/an, the and zero articles can all be used in set collocations or fixed collocations and idioms. Caution that collocations with different choices of articles can mean differently.

. A man is standing in the front of the house. (The man is in the house.)

A tree is standing in front of the house. (The tree is outside the house.)

I go to school every day. (=I go to the school to study every day.)

I went to the school today. (=Today I went to some place and that place was a school.)

I.

1. the; the

2. a;

3. a; /;

4. a;

5. the;

6. /; the;

7. The; the /;

8. the; the;

9. a; a; a;

10. a; a; a. II.

1./; /; /;

2./;

3.the; /;

4.the; /;

5./; /;

6.The;

7.the;

8.the; the;

9.the; /;

10./.

III.

1. Light;

2. a noise;

3. very good weather;

4. bad luck;

5. president;

6. The vegetables;

7. war; 8. All the books; 9. coffee; 10. poetry.

IV.

1./;

2. the;

3. /;

4. the;

5. the;

6. /;

7. /;

8. the.

V.

1. A Briton falls to his death on the Matterhorn.

2. An Olympic silver medalist dies in a crash.

3. Callaghan recalls the British Ambassador from Chile.

4. The army ends the chaos in the capital.

5. A college student wins the first prize.

III. Translation exercises

I.

1.玛吉的爷爷曾经说过，小时候他的爷爷告诉他，过去故事都是印刷在纸上的。2．他们翻阅那些旧得泛黄、皱巴巴的书页。阅读那些一动不动的单词真是好玩极了，那些词并没有像我们平时看到的那样在屏幕上滚动。

3．这个机器老师一直在接二连三地让她做地理测验，但她越做越糟糕。结果她的母亲伤心地摇摇头，请来了县视察员。

4．玛吉希望他无法将机器重新组装起来，但他还是成功了。过了个把小时，机器又好了，硕大的黑色机器，其丑无比，有个大大的屏幕，所有的课程和问题全都显示在上面。

II．

1..一个由外交部长率领的政府代表团昨天抵达南非，开始对该国进行为期3天的友好访问。（Head）

Yesterday a government delegation headed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs

arrived in South Africa and began a three-day friendly visit to the country.

2.看看这些讽刺社会弊端的漫画实在好笑。(awfully funny)

It is awfully funny to look at these caricatures which satirize social ills.

3.计算机是最有用的教学工具之一，所有的功课以及所有的问题和答案都可在

屏幕上显示出来。(show on a screen)

4.张利的母亲前天突然病倒，他赶紧派人请来医生。(send for)

Zhang Li’s mother fell ill the day before yesterday; he sent for a doctor

immediately.

5. He failed in the college entrance examination last year, but he did not feel disappointed. Instead, he continued to study hard, passed the examination successfully and became a student in a famous university this year.

6. There are many English words that this middle school student cannot pronounce correctly.

7.在这个信息爆炸的时代，我们必须不断努力更新知识，才能适应工作的需要。（become adjusted to）

In this era of information explosion, we have to make constant efforts to renew our knowledge. Only thus can we become adjusted to the requirement of our work.

8.那男孩把衬衫塞到裤腰里，将皮包夹在腋下，看上去俨然一副老板样。(tuck)

With his shirt tucked into the top of his trousers and a leather bag under his arm, the boy looked just like a boss.

9. Although she is only eight years old, the little girl is already very good at calculating fractions. No wonder her parents feel proud of her.

10. All the neighborhood have heard of the news, but you haven’t. Don’t you think it is strange

VI. Writing Practice

Run-on Sentences and Comma Splices

1．Run-on Sentences

A run-on sentence is a sentence that actually has two or more sentences combined into one without a punctuation mark or a sentence connector. Run-on Sentences can rarely be understood on first reading, and they are never acceptable in standard written English.

Example:

Run-on: The cat jumped from step to step it gracefully landed with each jump.

Correct: The cat jumped from step to step; it gracefully landed with each jump.

Generally, run-on sentences can be corrected in the following ways:

Run-on: Our foreign policy is not well defined it confuses many countries.

Correct:

A. Add a coordinating conjunction.

Our foreign policy is not well defined and it confuses many countries.

B. Add a subordinating conjunction.

Since our foreign policy is not well defined, it confuses many countries.

C. Add a full stop and capitalize the beginning of the latter sentence.

Our foreign policy is not well defined. It confuses many countries.

D. Add a semicolon.

Our foreign policy is not well defined; it confuses many countries.

2．Comma Splices

A comma splice is one of the common errors that inexperienced writers make—separating independent clauses by only a comma and a conjunctive adverb or a transitional phrase. Conjunctive adverbs include such words as furthermore, however, and moreover; transitional phrases are expressions such as in fact and for example.

Example:

Comma splice: Learning a new language is like learning to swim, it takes a lot of practice.

Correct: Learning a new language is like learning to swim and it takes a lot of practice.

Like the run-on sentences, a comma splice can be corrected in the following ways：

Run-on: The examination was finally over, Becky felt free to enjoy herself once more.

Correct:

A. Keep the comma and add a coordinating conjunction.

The examination was finally over, and Becky felt free to enjoy herself once

more.

B. Keep the comma and add a subordinating conjunction.

Since the examination was finally over, Becky felt free to enjoy herself once more.

C. Replace the comma with a full stop and capitalize the beginning of the latter

sentence.

The examination was finally over. Becky felt free to enjoy herself once more.

D. Replace the comma with a semicolon.

The examination was finally over; Becky felt free to enjoy herself once more.

Correct the following run-on sentences or comma splices in the ways suggested above.

1. It is reported that graduate students’ salaries are not as high as expected, some cannot earn as much as university students.

It is reported that graduate students’ salarie s are not as high as expected and some cannot earn as much as university students. [Add a coordinating conjunction.]and

2. It is easy to do a good deed once, it is difficult to do good deeds all one’s life. Although/Though/While it is easy to do a good deed once, it is difficult to do good deeds all one’s life. [Add a subordinating conjunction.]

3. Einstein is famous for E=mc2; Edison is famous for the invention of the light bulb. Einstein is famous for E=mc2; Edison is famous for the invention of the light bulb. [Add a semicolon.]

4. All over the country, people sell products over the Internet, these people are making impressive profits.

All over the country, people sell products over the Internet. These people are making impressive profits. [Replace the comma with a full stop and capitalize the beginning of the latter sentence.]

5. Americans shake hands when they meet each other while the Japanese bow.

6. Mother’s Day is always on a Sunday Thanksgiving is always on a Thursday.

M other’s Day is always on a Sunday. Thanksgiving is always on a Thursday. [Replace the comma with a full stop and capitalize the beginning of the latter sentence.]

7. My bicycle broke down, so I need to buy a new one.

8. Formal courses at the graduate level are now being taken by many elderly citizens. Some schools even offer them special programs.

9. While time often erases bad memories, one of my best friends never forgets anything; she even remembers things that happened over five years ago.

10. I don’t k now whether I should take a part-time job. I am too confused to decide.