否定句的形式和用法总结

否定句的形式和用法总结

中学英语中表达否定含义的句子形式多样，用法灵活。准确地掌握与否定相关的语句形式和用法有助于提高英语阅读理解的准确性。本文就中学英语中否定句的常见形式和用法总结如下。

一常见否定句由否定副词not,seldom,necer,hardly,rarely,scarcely等与谓语动词连用。I’m afraid that I can not attend your party this weekend.

I can hardly understand what he said just now.

注意：这些否定副词用语句首时，主句要使用倒装语序。例如

Seldom does he go to work late.

Never in my life have I heard such nonsense!

二否定祁使句：由Don’t 或Never+动词原形所构成。

Do not cut down the tree that gives you shade.

Never judge people by their appearance.

三全部否定：由否定主语（否定代词或no+名词）+肯定谓语所构成。例如；

Nothing in the world is difficult if you put your heart into it.

None of us can speak French.。

No man is born wise.

注意；常用neither/nor+助动词/情态动词+主语来表达某人也不。

Jim didn’t know her secret,neither/nor did Jack.

If you don’t accept his invitation ,neither shall I

四否定转移；常见的否定转移有两种情况。

1含有原因状语从句的主从复合句，形式上虽然否定主句的谓语，然而意义上则额是否定该原因状语，译为“并不因为……而……”例如

Galileo was not ready to accept it just because Aristotle said so.

The mountain is not valuable because it is high.

2当think,beloeve,suppose,expect,imagine等动词引导否定意义的宾语从句时，通常把从句中的not提前，把主句变成否定句，从句用肯定形式，例如

We don’t believe that the news is true.

I don’t think that he is honet

注意：1把这些使用否定转移的句子变为反意疑问句时，疑问部分应与宾语从句主谓部分构成反意疑问句。例如

I don’t think that he is honest,is he?

2not常用在I think，I believe mI expect,I suppose,I guess I’m afraid等之后，代替否定的宾语从句。例如

——Do you think it will be a fine day tomorrow?

——I’m afraid not.

——Do you believe that Rocket will win the game?

——I believe not(=I don’t believe so.)

五否定疑问句：常用来表示反问，惊讶，建议，赞叹等语气。例如

Don’t you know these traffic rules?

Aren’t you supposed to be working?

注意；在回答否定疑问句时，要根据具体事实作答。例如：

—Didn’t you see the film The Titanic yesterday?

—_____.I would like to have seen it.

AYes,I did BNo,I didn’t

CYes,Ididn’t DNo,I did

同时，这种应答方法也适合对反意疑问句和否定祈使句的回答。例如

—You haven’t been to Beijing,have you?

—_____.And I visited the Sunmmer Palace.

AYse,I have Byes,I haven’t

CNo,I have DNo,I haven’t

六非谓语动词的否定式；通常把not放在非谓语动词to do,doing过去分词的前面。

I advised him not to smoke but he wouldn’t listen.

Not having received a replyy,she wrote him another letter.you

七双重否定句；由两个否定词搭配构成，表示一个较强的肯定语气。例如：

Without air or water,man can not live on the earth.

Don’t try to operate this machine unless you know the rules for safety. It’s never too late to learn. 。（“nothing if not”表示“极其”

八、部分否定：通常由not与表示整体意义的词，如everyone, everything, all, each, always, entirely等连用来表达。例如：

Not all the animals hibernate in winter. (或者All the animals don’t hibernate in winter.) Everything on the Internet is not reliable.

I’m not always at home on Sundays.

九、含蓄否定：英语中有些句子虽然并不使用否定词，但也能表达否定意思。例如：

That is more than I can do .

He is too young to carry so heavy a case.

I t is three years since he was a teacher .（在“It is +时间段+since~~`~”结构中，当从句中谓语是延续性动词时句子表示否定意义。）

You could have done the job better if you had put more time into it.（工作做得并不好。用肯定形式的虚拟语气可以表示实际的否定意义。）

十、否定形式肯定意义：英语中有些句子在形式上是否定的但却在表达肯定的意义，对其理解切不可望文生义。例如：

Isn’t this film moving ?（否定疑问句常表示肯定意义。）

English is not too difficult to learn .（双重否定句表示肯定意义）

He is too ready to help others.（“too”修饰ready, glad, anxious, eager等表示人的情感的形容词时相当于“very”.）

You cannot be too careful to do your homework.. (或者You can never be careful enough to do your homework.)

There is nothing but sands left after the forest was destroyed. (“nothing ”相当于“but only”) Jack didn’t understand why his mother was angry with him until she told him everything. (“not ……until”表示“直到……才”)

Hardly had I got to the station when it began to rain. (“hardly……when”表示“刚……就”，可以换成“no sooner……than”)

----Mr. Li is a good teacher .

----I can’t agree more.（否定词与比较级连用，强调所修饰的词的肯定意义。）

Why don’t you come and join us in the game? （或者Why not come and join us in the game?)（“Why don’t you ~~~”或“Why not ~~~?”表示邀请、建议等肯定意义。）

十一、“否定”的特殊表示法

1．It was all (that) one could do not to + 动词原形（=One could hardly refrain from doing sth .）(竭力不……) 例如：

It was all I could do not to laugh at the joke.

It was all I could do not to tell the whole story. 。

2．比较级+than to +动词原形（不至于……）例如：

I am wiser than to believe that .

3.more than ~~~can =cannot ~~~ 例如：

The beauty of the place is more than I can describe .

4.No ~~~but~~~(没有……不是……) 例如：

There is no rule but has exceptions. (=There is no rule that has not exceptions).

Nobody but has his faults. (=There is nobody who has not his faults.)

5.never~~but~~;never/not~~without~~ (每……必……) （=When~~always~~）例如：

I never see you but I think of my brother.

It never rains but it pours.

6．no one \none but~~ (除……之外，谁也不……) 例如；

No one but a fool would do such a thing.

7.cannot but ~~\ cannot help~~ (不能不……；禁不住……) 例如：

I cannot but laugh \ help laughing at such a funny story .

8．not ~~until\till~~(不到……的时候不……；直到……的时候才……) 例如：

Not until people lose their health do they know the blessing of it.

We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.

9. not ~~ long before ~~ (不久就……) 例如

It will not be long before we can meet again.

其他表示否定的方法还有：far from (远远不；完全不)；a far\ long cry from (完全不同于)；anything but (决不)；few and far between(很少)；instead of (而不是)；free from (没有……的；不受……的影响的)等。