[考研类试卷]2010年广东外语外贸大学英语专业(基础英语)真题试卷.doc

[考研类试卷]2010年广东外语外贸大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试

卷

一、选词填空

0 Read the following passage and choose a proper word from the WORD LIST to fill in each of the blanks in the passage. Each word can be used only once. Write the word you choose for each blank on your ANSWER SHEET in the following way. Example I. Cloze 1. paper 2. continuously 3. ... Now, do the Cloze.

Scientists have found that the personalities of teachers have a powerful effect on how they relate to children and adults and how they behave in the classroom. In general, personalities grow out of complex interaction of temperament and past experiences. Early experiences are very important in the【K1】______of the ways that people feel about themselves and others and their ways of responding to situations. The ability to【K2】

______in positive and healthy ways appears to be related to a person learning to trust others in their early years and to see the world as a【K3】______good and nurturing place. Adults who have had their basic needs met in childhood and【K4】______have developed trust in themselves and in the world are【K5】______to have the ability to support the growth and development of others. People who【K6】______this basic trust may not have had their needs met in【K7】______ways in their early lives, and this may lead to【K8】______problems and the need for a great deal of support and reassurance in adulthood. They may have a difficult time【K9】______nurturing and supportive

【K10】______others. Sensitivity to others and a positive sense of self are essential

【K11】______for becoming a person, especially a teacher who can support the development of children. Skills in【K12】______trust and developing relationships are 【K13】______as you come to know yourself【K14】______, accept yourself, and then learn more about children and how to work successfully with them. In order to become an 【K15】______person, who possesses awareness and empathy and who is willing to

relate to others in nurturing ways, it is necessary to know and accept yourself, to realistically appraise areas in which change may be needed, 【K16】______to see yourself in a lifelong process of growth and change. It is important to be open to new experiences, to【K17】______and deal with feelings, and to experience relationships in ever-increasing depth and【K18】______This self-knowledge is, to a great extent, dependent on developing the ability to observe【K19】______in the same honest and 【K20】______way that one learns to observe children. It also involves learning to accept criticism from others as valuable feedback that can provide a source of growth 【K21】______as something to defend【K22】______or to use to berate or belittle oneself. The capacity for self-knowledge and acceptance is the【K23】______for the quality of compassion that is so important in a teacher. We realize that no one of us is 【K24】______self-aware, mature, wise, compassionate, and insightful all of the time. All of us have tendencies to be defensive. It is important to develop the capacity for self-awareness and some【K25】______of the kind of behavior and relationships【K26】______which we aspire. It is【K27】______important to understand that【K28】

______everyone experiences strong and unpleasant emotions like anger and fear【K29】______, it is possible to learn to observe and choose how to respond to these feelings instead of acting【K30】______them in ways that many be destructive.

1 【K1】

2 【K2】

3 【K3】

4 【K4】

5 【K5】

6 【K6】

7 【K7】

8 【K8】

9 【K9】

10 【K10】

11 【K11】

12 【K12】

13 【K13】

14 【K14】

15 【K15】

16 【K16】

17 【K17】

18 【K18】

19 【K19】

20 【K20】

21 【K21】

22 【K22】

23 【K23】

24 【K24】

25 【K25】

26 【K26】

27 【K27】

28 【K28】

29 【K29】

30 【K30】

二、短文改错

30 As with nations, governance matters profoundly the【M1】______ success of individual commercial enterprises. An

examination of businesses that have sustained success

over long periods reveal boards that have governed the【M2】______ affairs of the business effectively. Likewise, with

businesses that have performed poor, it is rather【M3】______ commonplace to track the problems to boards that have

not been addressed the issues confronting their【M4】______ businesses effectively. The popular press shows

examples of the latter with regular, whereas the business【M5】______ press less frequently highlights boards with strong

performance.

The management of a corporation is usually

accomplished under leadership of a chief executive【M6】______ officer(CEO), who reports the board of directors. While【M7】______ boards play a variety of roles, effective organizations

acknowledge the board's role in selecting the CEO,

advising and consenting to the selection of businesses【M8】______ and strategies, overseeing results.【M9】______

An important distinct between publicly owned【M10】______ businesses and privately owned businesses is that

privately owned businesses tend to owner-managed.【M11】______ Because of the owners of private businesses are directly【M12】______ involved in their enterprises, they are better informed

about the affairs of the business and can reasonably

represent their own interests. They have not delegated

control on a representative board of directors. Thus the【M13】______ potential conflicts of interest that exist between investors

and who have been hired to run the business are not as【M14】______

relevant. Even, many of the governance principles that【M15】______ apply to publicly owned businesses are also applicable

to privately owned businesses.

31 【M1】

32 【M2】

33 【M3】

34 【M4】

35 【M5】

36 【M6】

37 【M7】

38 【M8】

39 【M9】

40 【M10】

41 【M11】

42 【M12】

43 【M13】

44 【M14】

45 【M15】

三、填空题

46 Fill in the following blanks with the correct words and the correct forms of the words given according to the meanings of the sentences. Write the answers on your ANSWER SHEET in the following way:

Example

46. prolong, refuse, delay, postpone, lengthen

I hope the of the______appointment will not cause you much inconvenience.

Write on your Answer Sheet:

III. Gap-filling

46. postponement 47.... 48....

Now, do the Gap-filling.

abase, abate, abduct, abhor

Such a savage punishment is____to a civilized society.

47 benediction, beneficiary, benevolent, blessing

A man is ____ if his fame does not outshine his truth.

48 communicate, commute, compare, compensate

Tired of wasting time ____, Mrs. Jones changes her job to be closer to her kids so that she can spend more time with them.

49 distinguish, distinction, distort, distract

The animal is quite____by the black stripes above its eyes.

50 eligible, elliptical, eloquent, elusive

This metaphor always ____ the students; they feel it quite incomprehensible.

51 fall, falsify, familiarize, fantasize

He has a____scheme that he could make a million dollars betting on horse races even though he is now penniless.

52 withdraw, wither, withhold, withstand

The party is calling for the phased____of troops from the island.

53 vaccinate, validate, vanish, vanquish

Researchers are trying to develop a____against the disease H1N1.

54 tumor, tumult, tuna, tunnel

The Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution that followed caused a ____ transformation in Europe.

55 snap, sneak, sneeze, snigger

We are honest people and we will do anything above board and will never act _____.

56 reveal, revere, reverie, reverse

Don't panic! The decline in this industry is completely____and it won't be as pathetic as now.

57 permeate, perpetrate, perpetuate, persevere

A contented mind is a ___ feast.

58 opponent, opposition, orderly, orthodox

This writer is courageous enough to challenge many of the established____.

59 monopoly, monotone, monster, monument

Leonardo da Vinci spent years on his____painting, which covered the whole roof of the church.

60 loss, louse, lubricant, lullaby

Credit is vital in trade. As a matter of fact, the availability of credit____the channels of trade.

四、阅读理解

60 The American Cancer Society, which has long been a staunch defender of most cancer screening, is now saying that the benefits of detecting many cancers, especially breast and prostate, have been overstated. It is quietly working on a message, to put on its Web site early next year, to emphasize that screening for breast and prostate cancers and certain other cancers can come with a real risk of over treating many small cancers while missing cancers that are deadly.

The cancer society's decision to reconsider its message about the risks as well as potential benefits of screening was spurred in part by an analysis published Wednesday in The Journal of the American Medical Association, Dr. Otis Brawley, chief medical officer of the cancer society, said.

In it, researchers report a 40 percent increase in breast cancer diagnoses and a near doubling of early stage cancers, but just a 10 percent decline in cancers that have spread beyond the breast to the lymph nodes or elsewhere in the body. With prostate cancer, the situation is similar, the researchers report.

If breast and prostate cancer screening really fulfilled their promise, the researchers note, cancers that once were found late, when they were often incurable, would now be found early, when they could be cured. A large increase in early cancers would be

balanced by a corresponding decline in late-stage cancers. That is what happened with screening for colon and cervical cancers. But not with breast and prostate cancers.

Still, the researchers and others say, they do not think all screening will—or should—go away.

Instead, they say that when people make a decision about being screened, they should understand what is known about the risks and benefits. For now, those risks are not emphasized in the cancer society's mammogram message which states that a mammogram is" one of the best things a woman can do to protect her health. "

The new analysis finds that prostate cancer screening and breast cancer screening are not so different. Both have a problem that runs counter to everything people have been told about cancer; They are finding cancers that do not need to be found because they would never spread and kill or even be noticed if left alone. That has led to a huge increase in cancer diagnoses because, without screening, those innocuous cancers would go undetected.

At the same time, both screening tests are not making much of a dent in the number of cancers that are deadly. That may be because many lethal breast cancers grow so fast they spring up between mammograms. And the deadly prostate ones have already spread at the time of cancer screening. The dilemma for breast and prostate screening is that it is not usually clear which tumors need aggressive treatment and which can be left alone.

" The issue here is, as we look at cancer medicine over the last 35 or 40 years, we have always worked to treat cancer or to find cancer early, " Dr. Brawley said. " And we never sat back and actually thought. Are we treating the cancers that need to be treated?"

61 The first two paragraphs of the passage show the American Cancer Society______. （A）in shift concerning cancer screening

（B）in strong opposition to cancer screening

（C）focusing on the benefits of cancer screening

（D）overtreating the risks that come with cancer screening

62 The author turns to the statistics and follow-up reasoning, the purpose of which is to tell the reader______.

（A）how much American cancer medicine has done to prevent breast and prostate cancer deaths

（B）how hard it is for American cancer medicine to do to prevent breast and prostate cancer deaths

（C）cancer screening has failed to reduce late-stage breast and prostate cancers as has been promised

（D）cancer screening has failed even to find early-stage breast and prostate cancers as has been promised

63 As suggested in Paragraphs 6 and 7, the difference between benign and deadly tumors lies in the fact that______.

（A）benign tumors have not been noticed

（B）deadly tumors have been left alone in the early stage

（C）deadly tumors, when screened, are already in the late stage

（D）benign tumors, when they are found, are already in the late stage

64 When hearing Dr. Brawley saying "The issue here is... And we never sat back and actually thought. Are we...?" , one may be left with an impression that American cancer medicine begins to______.

（A）see that 40 years is not enough to find and treat cancers early

（B）doubt if it is the right thing to do to find and treat all cancers

（C）protest doctors have not felt relaxed when fighting cancers

（D）realize doctors have been asked to offer fruitless labor

65 When finishing reading the passage, one may conclude that in the past decades American cancer medicine has been______.

（A）working so hard that the breast and prostate cancer rates have dropped to some extent after all

（B）using cancer screening to protect the health of people, especially of the victims to breast and prostate cancers

（C）trying to cure people of late-stage cancers, especially late-stage breast and prostate cancers, although their efforts don't pay much

（D）labeling and treating benign tumors as though they could be lethal when in fact they are not dangerous, but a change is in sight now

65 The Obama administration and the Federal Reserve launched a two-pronged campaign to crack down on pay practices across the financial system Thursday, marking an unprecedented foray into the private sector by the federal government on a matter that traditionally has been left to veiled board room discussions.

President Obama's pay czar, Kenneth Feinberg, announced drastic cuts in pay for 175 top executives at seven companies that received hundreds of billions of dollars worth of federal bailout money during the financial crisis. At a news conference at the Treasury Department, Feinberg said he hoped the new pay structures—which tie compensation at the firms to their long-term performance and reduces the cash salary some executives receive by 90 percent—would serve as a model for Wall Street and corporate America. Meanwhile, the Federal Reserve issued new guidelines that will restrict pay practices at all banks to prevent them from paying employees in ways that could endanger the firms' long-term financial health. Unlike Feinberg's plan, the Fed's guidance would cover all banks, even those that never received a bailout as well as U. S. subsidiaries of foreign companies. "Compensation practices at some banking organizations have led to misaligned incentives and excessive risk-talking, contributing to bank losses and financial instability, "Feb Chairman Ben S. Bernanke said. "The Federal Reserve is working to ensure that compensation packages appropriately tie rewards to long-term performance. "

The two moves represent Washington's most dramatic push to reform executive compensation on Wall Street. The issue has long been controversial, but blew up into a firestorm in March when it was revealed American International Group, the recipient of a $180 billion bailout package, was paying hundreds of millions of dollars in bonuses to a trading division that nearly brought the company and the financial system to its knees.

Unlike Feinberg's plan, however, the guidelines do not cap the amount of compensation that banks can give their employees, nor do they prohibit any particular pay practices. Rather, the effort requires that banks ensure that their pay practices do not encourage executives, traders, or other employees to take irresponsible risks, such as by offering huge bonuses for making bets without regard to the risks that such bets could lose money in the long term. "Incentive compensation practices in the financial industry

were one of many factors contributing to the financial crisis, " the proposed guidance said. "Banking organizations too often rewarded employees for increasing the firm's revenue

or short-term profit without adequate recognition of the risks the employees' activities posed to the firm. "

The Fed, at his stage, did not propose one-size-fits-all guidelines for compensation, such as requiring that some fixed percentage of bonus pay to senior executives be deferred or come in the form of stock, rather than cash. Rather, the guidelines call for pay packages that balance risks and rewards, that judge performance over longer time horizons and that de-emphasize short-term performance.

The pay issue has been particularly thorny for the Obama administration. Feinberg said he had to find a way to protect taxpayer interests and get the money paid back while not stripping the companies' ability to retain talented workers.

Feinberg said his review of pay at the firms showed the amount of guaranteed cash paid to the top 25 employees was too high, so he shifted significant amounts to stock that can only be sold in one-third installments beginning in 2011.

66 In the campaign to crack down on pay practices across the financial system, one thing both the Administration and the Fed did, among others, was that they______.

（A）announced cuts in executive pay

（B）restricted pay practices at all banks

（C）reduced the cash salary executives received

（D）required that the firms tie compensation to the long-term performance

67 The causes behind the two-pronged campaign were perhaps many, but the immediate one was that______.

（A）part of the bailout money went as bonuses to an AIG unit whose performance nearly brought the company to financial ruin

（B）incentive compensation practices in the financial industry became one of many factors contributing to the financial crisis

（C）some companies were found paying employees in ways that could endanger the firms' long-term financial health

（D）compensation practices at some banking organizations led to misaligned incentives and other things

68 The Obama administration and the Federal Reserve took their moves separately. The following were some of the moves taken except______.

（A）reducing the pay for 175 top executives at seven companies

（B）asking for pay packages that could balance risks and rewards

（C）suggesting the companies serve as a model for Wall Street and corporate America （D）setting no limit to the amount of compensation banks could give their employees 69 The moves the Obama administration took boiled down to

（A）cutting down on the pay for executives at companies receiving federal bailouts and turning a lot of their cash salary into stock

（B）discouraging executives, traders, or other employees from taking risks, such as by offering huge bonuses for making bets

（C）judging the business performance over longer time horizons and de-emphasizing short-term performance at the firms

（D）asking the seven companies to submit detailed plans for how they would plan to comply with the guidance

70 The Fed's effort was separate from the Obama administration to dramatically reduce compensation for top executives at the companies that had received government bailouts. Compared with the administration's actions, ______.

（A）it was a more hands-on thing

（B）it had a broader scope

（C）it was a more stringent policy

（D）it showed a truer scene

70 The nation's preeminent seniors group, the American Association of Retired Persons, has put the weight of its 40 million members behind health-care reform, saying many of the proposals will lower costs and increase the quality of care for older Americans. But not advertised in this lobbying campaign have been the group's substantial earnings from insurance royalties and the potential benefits that could come its way from many of the reform proposals.

The group and its subsidiaries collected more than $650 million in royalties and other fees last year from the sale of insurance policies credit cards and other products that carry the AARP name, accounting for the majority of its $1. 14 billion in revenue, according to federal tax records. It does not directly sell insurance policies but lends its name to plans in exchange for a tax-exempt cut of the premiums.

The organization also heavily markets the policies on its Web site, in mailings to its members and through ubiquitous advertising targeted at seniors.

GOP lawmakers point to AARP's thriving business in marketing branded Medigap policies, which provide supplemental coverage for standard Medicare plans available to the elderly. Democratic proposals to slash reimbursements for another program, called Medicare Advantage, are widely expected to drive up demand for private Medigap policies like the ones offered by AARP, according to health-care experts, legislative aides and documents.

" We are witnessing a disturbing trend of handouts to special interests like AARP, " said House Republican spokesman Matt Lloyd, referring to Democratic negotiations over health reform. " In return, AARP is lobbying for a government-run health-care bill that will pad their own executives' pockets at the expense of its own members and other vulnerable seniors. "

AARP officials strongly dispute such allegations, arguing that the group's heavy reliance on brand royalties allows it to offer members a wide range of benefits—from lobbying for seniors in Washington to discount travel packages and financial advice.

Dean A . Zerbe, a former Grassley senior counsel who is now national managing director at the corporate tax firm Alliant Group, argues that AARP's involvement in the sale of insurance plans"really hurts their credibility. " " Either you're a voice for the elderly or you're an insurance company; choose one, "Zerbe said.

Republicans renewed their attacks on AARP this year after the group emerged as a vigorous defender of many of the reforms under consideration by the Democrat-controlled Congress. Nancy LeaMond, an AARP executive vice president, appeared at a press conference Friday alongside House Speaker Nancy Pelosi(D-Calif.)to announce a new proposal for plugging gaps in coverage of Medicare prescription benefits.

71 AARP has made its money primarily through______.

（A）marketing its royalties on its Web site

（B）granting use of its name to insurance plans

（C）selling policies, credit cards and other products

（D）asking the ubiquitous advertisers to sell their policies

72 GOP lawmakers lash out at the organization's practices, showing the AARP's thriving business will have something to do with______.

（A）democrats meaning to have it sell private Medigap policies

（B）its marketing its branded Medigap policies alongside Medicare

（C）its supplanting standard Medicare with branded Medigap policies

（D）democrats proposing to cut the payments for Medicare Advantage

73 House Republican spokesman says" We are witnessing a disturbing trend of handouts to special interests like AARP" , in which "interests "may help describe AARP as______. （A）having certain rights for the handouts

（B）showing interest in various insurance plans

（C）enjoying interest that accrues by holding the handouts

（D）being a group of people working in the same business

74 Republicans renew their attacks on the organization this year because AARP______. （A）has turned into a division of the Democratic Party

（B）cheers the passing in Congress of a democrat-drafted bill

（C）lends its strong support to the reforms launched by democrats

（D）has one of its top executives appearing alongside Nancy Pelosi

75 When finishing reading the passage, one may draw the conclusion that the American Association of Retired Persons is an organization______.

（A）having monopoly on insurance business

（B）owned by retired persons and their executives

（C）working as a reform advocate and insurance salesman

（D）looked on as handling its business in lobbyist activities

75 When we say a person or an experience is " packaged" , we are complaining of a sense of excessive calculation and a lack of authenticity. Such a fear of unreality is at least a century old; it arose along with industrialization and rapid communication. Now that the world is more competitive, and we all believe we have less time to consider things, the craft of being instantaneously appealing has taken on more and more importance. We might say, cynically, that the person who appears "packaged"simply doesn't have good packaging.

Still, the sense of uneasiness about encountering packaged people in a packaged world is real, and it shouldn't be dismissed. Indeed, it is a theme of contemporary life, equally evident in politics, entertainment, and the supermarket. Moreover, public uneasiness about the phenomenon of packaging is compounded by confusion over a loss of iconic packages and personalities.

Producers of packaged products have probably never been as nervous as they became during the first half of the 1990s. Many of the world's most famous brands were involved in the merger mania of the 1980s, which produced debt-ridden companies that couldn't afford to wait for results either from their managers or their marketing strategies. At the same time, the feeling was that it was far too risky to produce something really new. The characteristic response was the line extension—"dry" beer, "lite"mayonnaise, "ultra" detergent. New packages have been appearing at a rapid pace, only to be changed whenever a manager gets nervous or a retailer loses patience.

The same skittishness is evident in the projection of public personalities as the clear, if synthetic, images of a few decades ago have lost their sharpness and broken into a spectrum of weaker, reflected apparitions. Marilyn Monroe, for example, had an image that was, Jayne Mansfield notwithstanding, unique and well defined. She was luscious as

a Hershey's bar, shapely as a Coke bottle. But in a world where Coke can be sugar free, caffeine free, and cherry flavored, just one image isn't enough for a superstar. Madonna is available as Marilyn or as a brunette, a Catholic schoolgirl, or a bondage devotee. Who knows what brand-extension will come next?

76 In Paragraph 1 is "the craft of being instantaneously appealing...importance" , by which the author means to tell the reader that people lay increasingly great emphasis on the art of______.

（A）making the packaging look so good as to pertain to a particular point of time （B）adding to the charm of the packaging in no time

（C）polishing the packaging quickly to hold much attraction

（D）showing the beauty of the packaging at the earliest opportunity

77 In Paragraph 2 is "Indeed, it is a theme of contemporary life, equally evident in politics, entertainment, and the supermarket. " The sentence tells the reader that______.

（A）writers become uneasy about the unreal and in their works covering life in politics, entertainment, and the supermarket that they turn their uneasiness into a theme running through them all

（B）musicians become uneasy about the unreal and in their works covering life in politics, entertainment, and the supermarket that they turn their uneasiness into a theme running through them all

（C）uneasiness looms so that people making a living, say, in politics, entertainment, and the supermarket can't but talk about it

（D）uneasiness looms so that people making a living, say, in politics, entertainment, and the supermarket talk about it all the time

78 According to Paragraph 3, producers of packaged products were nervous during the first half of the 1990s because of the merger mania and from it also resulted a list of the things in the following except______.

（A）there appeared companies that ran up huge debts

（B）there appeared more line extension products

（C）new packages appeared at a fast pace

（D）really new products turned out

79 In the middle of the last paragraph is " Jayne Mansfield notwithstanding" which shows that______.

（A）Monroe had an image surpassing that of Mansfield's

（B）Monroe couldn't compare favorably with Mansfield

（C）Mansfield had an unusual and clear-cut image

（D）Monroe had a unique and well defined image

80 In the ending part of last paragraph Madonna is described as" available as Marilyn, or as a brunette, a Catholic schoolgirl, or a bondage devotee "which one may think of as showing that such superstar as Madonna______.

（A）offers imagers representing different companies like Monroe did

（B）offers images representing different line extension products

（C）appears at the studio on time as a professional will

（D）works with full professionalism

80 Polio's growing virulence seems actually to have been a by-product of a new standard of middle-class cleanliness. In the unsanitized past, infants and small children had been exposed to polio very early on, during a stage of life when paralysis was rare and lifelong immunity easily induced. But pristine bassinets, pure food and drink, freshly mopped floors had all helped to keep the virus at bay until children were older, when it was far more likely to cripple or kill.

Franklin Roosevelt's five children escaped polio. Their father did not. On August 10, 1921 , FDR himself was stricken at Campobello.

A less resilient man would have admitted defeat, retreated inward. FDR, in characteristic fashion, sought a solution to polio; 1924, he established what became the Warm Springs Foundation in Warm Springs, Ga. There, he hired physicians and therapists, converted a creaky resort into a treatment center, even conducted exercises in the pool himself.

In 1928, when FDR agreed to return to active politics and run for Governor of New York, his foundation was in financial trouble.

A series of President's Birthday Balls, held on January 30 of each year, seemed to provide the answer. These were gala evenings staged throughout the country to which celebrants paid to come, " Dancing So Others May Walk. " It's hard to imagine now how popular Franklin Roosevelt once was in Depression-wracked America.

But the President's popularity inevitably waned, and so did foundation funds. By 1937 , the year of FDR's abortive purge of the Supreme Court, it was clear that the cause of polio must be separated from that of the increasingly controversial politician who had declared war upon it. In September, FDR announced the creation of an entirely independent National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis to " lead, direct, and unify the fight on every phase of his sickness. "It was to begin functioning in January 1938. A new nonpartisan board of trustees was created to insure that Republicans could send in contributions without appearing also to support "That Man"in the White House.

81 Paragraph 1 starts with "Polio's growing virulence seems...middle-class cleanliness. "Judging by reading the paragraph, one may conclude the best explanation to it is

that______.

（A）as middle-class families complied with a new standard of cleanliness, there came more severe attacks of polio as a result

（B）as middle-class families took no notice of cleanliness in the past, the by-product of a new standard of cleanliness didn't result

（C）as they upgraded their standard of sanitation, middle-class families damaged immunity to polio, bringing acute attacks of the sickness

（D）as acute attacks of polio resulted from following a new standard of cleanliness, middle class families should be held responsible

82 As related in Paragraph 3 several things happened following FDR falling victim to the attack of polio which were what appear in the following except______.

（A）a less resilient man did admit his defeat

（B）Roosevelt set up a treatment center for polio patients

（C）Roosevelt hired some rehabilitation specialists for polio patients

（D）Roosevelt had a treatment called hydrotherapy at the polio center

83 FDR was loved by people, as is shown by " ... by popular Franklin Roosevelt once was..." in Paragraph 5. Based on the knowledge of the world, one many decide one of the sentences in the following that best explains it is______.

（A）there was a series of birthday balls held on January 30 of each year

（B）it was rare to find citizens in a democracy celebrating the birthday of their president

（C）there were gala evenings staged throughout the country to which celebrants paid to come

（D）people danced so others might walk

84 According to the last paragraph the cause of polio was separated from the handling of Roosevelt, the reason behind which was most probably that______.

（A）the Supreme Court ordered that it be so

（B）the Foundation had fundraising difficulties

（C）Roosevelt was no longer able to support it financially

（D）more and more people disliked the politician's practices and ideas

85 The last paragraph ends with"... to insure that Republicans could send in contributions... in the White House" which shows that in raising funds for National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis there still got involved______.

（A）party feuds

（B）Roosevelt's active efforts

（C）the Republican's contributions

（D）the Supreme Court's intervention

85 Naturally men who were themselves learned praised learning, all the more because they found themselves the appreciated legatees of a classical inheritance to which their medieval predecessors had paid little attention. The enthusiasm for contact with the learned civility of the ancient world was expressed as early as the 1330s, when Petrarch exclaimed, "I am alive now, yet I would rather have been born in another time, " and wrote eloquent letters to the heroes he could only meet through their works. By including examples of these among his widely circulated correspondence, he encouraged others to see the part learning had played in antiquity, whether in the person of a Cicero, who was both philosopher and participatory man of affairs, or of a Livy who recorded public events as an inspiration to posterity.

In Floreance in the 1430s, Matteo Palmieri wrote in his Delia Vita Civile or on "civil" life "now indeed may every thoughtful spirit thank God that it has been permitted to him to be born in this new age. " But, while mentioning the revitalization of the arts as part of the recapture of classical attainments, he stressed above all the importance of "philosophy and wisdom" being at last "drunk from the pure fountainhead. " He was writing for a politically responsible class for whom learning was more important than diversion. And this was the emphasis that was taken up in the North from the early sixteenth century. When Celtis urged his fellow Germans to show the world that they were not cultural barbarians he spoke not of the arts but of learning. For Erasmus in 1517 all over the world, as if on a given signal, splendid talents are stirring and conspiring together to revive the best learning, but it was for their blindness to learning, not the arts, that he criticized the "Philistines". Steadily, learning, or at least a more than superficial education, came to be taken for granted by those for whom it was not a vocation. As for the prince himself, Botero in 1598 repeated the medieval quip: "an unlettered prince is a crowned ass. "