人教版高中英语必修三宾语从句和表语从句
宾语从句和表语从句
编稿：审稿：梁晓
概念引入
She doesn’t know (that) her father is seriously ill. 她不知道她父亲病得很严重。
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
你可以告诉我怎么去火车站吗？
The problem is when they can get there. 问题是他们什么时候能到那儿。
The problem is whether we can replace her. 问题是我们能否替换她。
语法讲解
一、宾语从句的定义
置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid ,sure ,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。
二、宾语从句中引导词的用法
在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：
连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if
代词：who, whose, what ,which
副词：when ,where, how, why 等。
（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）
可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：
say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
注意事项：当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。
例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.
【高清课堂：宾语从句和表语从句—367116名词性从句（二）宾语从句】
由that引起的从句,在believe, think, suppose后常不加that。
在think, believe, suppose, expect, guess等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时尽管谓语是否定意思，也只将前面的think等词否定。
I don’t think you can beat me.
He doesn’t expect we need worry.
有时在宾语和谓语之间可以插入一个间接宾语或状语。
She reminded me that I had a meeting to attend.
They explained to us that they didn’t mean to make us angry.
有时在这种带有复合宾语的句子中, that引起的从句常常移到后面, 前面用一个it作为形式宾语。
I thought it very impossible that she would come.
They took it for granted that the singer was coming.
在以下情况中that不能省略
1.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。
例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
2.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。
例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
3.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。
例句：I can’t tell him that his mother died.
注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。
例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.
（二）由whether ,if 引导的宾语从句
由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。
例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.
只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句
1.在带to的不定式前
例句：We decided whether to walk there.
2.在介词的后面
例句：I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.
3.在动词后面的宾语从句时
例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week
4.直接与or not连用时
例句：I can’t say whether or not the y can come on time.
只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
1.if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”
例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
2.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时
例句：He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.
3.引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好像）时
例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.
（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。
英语中的连接代词有：who ,whom ,whose ,which ,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。
例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?
英语中的连接副词有：when ,where ,why ,how，在句中担任状语的成分。
例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
三、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例句如下：
1.I don’t know what they are looking for.
2.Could you tell me when the train will leave?
3.Can you imagine what kind of man he is?
四、宾语从句的时态
1.主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
2.主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
3.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一
般现在时态。
例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
五、宾语从句的特点
1.宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。
2.宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。
3.连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。
whether 和if 都可引导宾语从句，但whether后可紧跟or not；whether从句可
作介词的宾语。如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it.
一、表语从句的定义：
表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。
二、表语从句的构成：
关联词+简单句
三、引导表语从句的关联词的种类：
1. 可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，seem，sound，appear等。
China is no longer what she used to be.
今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。
The question remains whether they will be able to help us.
问题还是他们能否帮我们。
At that time，it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word.
当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
2. 从属连词whether，as，as if / though引导的表语从句。
He looked just as he had looked ten years before.
他看起来还与十年前一样。
It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.
听起来好像有人在敲门。
3. because，why引导的表语从句。
That's because he didn't understand me.
那是因为他没有理解我。（That's because…强调原因）
That's why he got angry with me.
那正是他对我生气的原因。（That's why…强调结果）
what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时
要用that引导，不宜用because.
T he reason why I was sad was that he didn't understand me.
我难过的原因是他没有理解我。
4. 连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever
连接副词where，when，how，why
The problem is who we can get to replace her.
问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。
he question is how he did it.
问题是他是如何做此事的。
That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.
那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。
5. 从属连词that
The trouble is that I have lost his address.
麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。
6. 使用虚拟语气的表语从句
在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形” 表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice，suggestion，order，proposal，plan，idea等。
My suggestion is that we （should）start early tomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
四、应注意的问题：
1. 连系动词be，appear，seem，look等之后可以跟表语从句。
It was because he didn't pass the exam.
那是因为他没有通过考试。
It seems（that）he was late for the train.
看来他没搭上火车。
It appears that she was wrong.
看来她错了。
It seems to me that we should answer for this.
在我看来，我们似乎应该对此事负责。
It appears to her that he wants to teach us all he has.
在她看来，他似乎要把他所会的都教给我们。
2. 引导表语从句的引导词有以下几类。
1）wh-疑问词
My question is who left.
我想问的是谁离开了。
What I wonder is when he left.
我想知道他是何时离开的。
That's what he wants.
那是他想要的。
This is where they once lived.
这就是他们曾经住过的地方。
That is why he didn't come here. 这就是他为何没到这儿来的原因。
2）whether
My question is whether he left（or not）。我的问题是他是否离开了。
注：if不能引导表语从句。
3）that
The fact is that he left. 事实是他离开了。
注：引导表语从句的连词that间或可以省略。
The truth is（that）I didn't go there. 事实是我没去那儿。
4）because，as，as if，as though
It's just because he doesn't know her. 这是仅仅因为他不认识她。
Things are not always as they seem to be. 事物并不总是如其表象。He looks as if he's tired. 他好像累了。
高中英语人教版必修三单词表
高中英语人教版必修三单词表． 必修3 Unit 1 1、发生 2、美；美人 收获；收割3、庆祝；祝贺4、狩猎者；猎人、5(使)饿死；饿得要死、6起源；由来；起因7、8、宗教上的;信奉宗教的;虔诚的 9、季节的；季节性的 10、祖先；祖宗 11、（日本）盂兰盆节 坟墓；墓地12、熏香；熏香的烟13、14、纪念；追念 15、墨西哥（拉丁美洲国家） 16、节日；盛宴 17、头脑；头骨 18、骨；骨头 19、万圣节前夕；诸圣日前夕
信任；信心；信仰20、 21、盛装；打扮；装饰 欺骗；诈骗;窍门诡计;恶作剧22、23、搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑 诗人、2425、哥伦布日 26、到来；到达；到达者 27、克利斯朵夫·哥伦布 28、获得；得到 29、独立；自主 30、独立的；自主的 搜集；集合；聚集31、 32、农业；农艺；农学 农业的；农艺的、33授予；判定奖；奖品34、 35、产品；（尤指）农产品 雄禽；公鸡36、37、赞美；钦佩；羡慕 38、充满活力的;精力充沛的;积极的 39、期望；期待；盼望 狂欢节；（四旬斋前的）饮宴狂欢；嘉年华（会）40、 41、月的；月亮的；阴历的耶稣)复活节42、(43、游行；阅兵；检阅、日夜；昼夜；整天4445、衣服 2 必修3 基督徒；信徒、46基督教的；信基督教的 47、耶稣 48、樱桃；樱桃树 49、花开花 50、好像 51、玩得开心 52、习惯；风俗 53、遍及全世界的；世界性的 玫瑰花蕾54、55、愚人；白痴；受骗者 干傻事；开玩笑傻的 必要性；需要56、57、许可；允许 预言；预报；预告58、59、样子；方式；时尚 60、特立尼达岛 61、卡拉（女名） 62、哈利（男名） 63、（汽车等）停放 64、停车场 65、圣瓦伦廷节；人节 66、出现；到场 67、守信用；履行诺言 68、屏息；屏气 69、道歉；辩白 70、淹没；溺死；淹死
人教版必修三Unit3语法讲专题练习：宾语从句和表语从句(最新整理)
Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空 1．The trouble is that I can’t find my way. 2．We are discussing what we shall do to help the poor. 3．It depends on whether you can do the work well. 4．I wonder how you are getting on with your studies. 5．He got caught in the heavy traffic.That was why he was late. 6．Energy is what makes things work. 7．We didn’t set out; it was because we wanted to wait until our mother came back. 8．We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation. Ⅱ.单项填空 1．—Can you join us in the party this evening? —Well, that depends on ________ I can finish my report before then. A．whether B．if C．that D．when 解析：选A。句意：“你今天晚上能参加我们的聚会吗？”“嗯，那得看到时候我的报 告能不能完成。”连词whether表示“是否”，引导宾语从句。if表示“是否”，不引导介词的宾语从句；that没有意义；when“当……时”。 2．I don’t think ________ possible ________ one can master a foreign language without much memory work. A．it; whether B．it; that C．which; whether D．this; that 解析：选B。it在句中作形式宾语；possible作宾补；真正的宾语是that引导的宾语从句。 3．He said________he had eaten nothing for a long time and________he was very hungry. A．that; 不填B．不填；that C．不填；不填D．what; what 解析：选B。考查宾语从句中that的省略问题。said后接了两个that引导的宾语从句，其中第一个从句中的that可省略，后面的that不可省略。 4．The reason for his coming to China was ________ he wanted to study Chinese medicine. A．that B．what
高一英语人教版必修三unit1课文内容
Unit 1 Festivals around the world FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. Today’s festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events. Festivals of the dead Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They also light lamps and play music because they think that will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours’ homes to ask for sweets. If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them. Festivals to Honour People Festivals can also be held to honour famous people. The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Y uan. In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World. India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain. Harvest Festivals Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals when people admire the moon and in China enjoy moon-cakes. Spring Festivals The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together. Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of al kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival for Christians around the world. It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life. Japan’s Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow. People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.
(完整版)人教版高中英语必修三单词表
人教版高中英语必修三单词表Unit 1 take place 发生 beauty /'bju:ti/ n.美；美人 harvest /'hɑ:vist/ n. & vt. & vi.收获；收割 celebration /seli'brei?n/ n.庆祝；祝贺 hunter /'h?nt?/ n.狩猎者；猎人 starve /stɑ:v/ vi. & vt.（使）饿死；饿得要死 origin /'?rid?in/ n.起源；由来；起因 religious /ri'lid??s/ adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的 △seasonal /'si:z?nl/ adj.季节的；季节性的 ancestor /'?nsest?/ n.祖先；祖宗 △Obon /?'b?n/ n. (日本)盂兰盆节 △grave /ɡreiv/ n.坟墓；墓地 △incense /'insens/ n.熏香；熏香的烟 in memory of 纪念；追念 Mexico /'meksik?u/ n. 墨西哥(拉丁美洲国家) feast /fi:st/ n.节日；盛宴 △skull /sk?l/ n.头脑；头骨 bone /b?un/ n.骨；骨头 △Halloween /h?l?u'i:n/ n.万圣节前夕；诸圣日前夕 belief /bi'li:f/ n.信任；信心；信仰 dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰 trick /trik/ n.诡计；恶作剧；窍门vt.欺骗；诈骗 play a trick on 搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑 poet /'p?uit/ n.诗人 △Columbus Day哥伦布日 arrival /?'raivl/ n.到来；到达；到达者 △Christopher Columbus /'krist?f?k?'1?mb?s/ 克利斯托弗·哥伦布(意大利航海家) gain /ɡein/ vt.获得；得到 independence /indi'pend?ns/n.独立；自主 independent /indi'pend?nt/ adj.独立的；自主的 gather /'ɡ?e?/ vt. & vi. & n.搜集；集合；聚集 agriculture /'?ɡrik?lt??/n.农业；农艺；农学 agricultural /?ɡri'k?lt??r?l/ adj.农业的；农艺的 award /?'w?:d/ n.奖；奖品vt.授予；判定 △produce /'pr?dju:s/ n.产品；（尤指）农产品 rooster /'ru:st?/ n.雄禽；公鸡 admire /?d'mai?/ vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕 energetic /en?'d?etik/ adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；积极的 look forward to 期望；期待；盼望 △carnival /'ka:nivl/n. 狂欢节；(四句斋前的) 饮宴狂欢；嘉年华(会) △lunar /'lu:n?/ adj.月的；月亮的；阴历的 Easter /'i:st?/n. (耶稣)复活节 △parade /p?'reid/ n.游行；阅兵；检阅 day and night 日夜；昼夜；整天
高中英语人教版必修三单词表
Unit 1 1、发生 2、美；美人 3、收获；收割 4、庆祝；祝贺 5、狩猎者；猎人 6、(使)饿死；饿得要死 7、起源；由来；起因 8、宗教上的;信奉宗教的;虔诚的 9、季节的；季节性的 10、祖先；祖宗 11、（日本）盂兰盆节 12、坟墓；墓地 13、熏香；熏香的烟 14、纪念；追念 15、墨西哥（拉丁美洲国家） 16、节日；盛宴 17、头脑；头骨 18、骨；骨头 19、万圣节前夕；诸圣日前夕 20、信任；信心；信仰 21、盛装；打扮；装饰 22、诡计;恶作剧;窍门欺骗；诈骗 23、搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑 24、诗人 25、哥伦布日 26、到来；到达；到达者 27、克利斯朵夫·哥伦布 28、获得；得到 29、独立；自主 30、独立的；自主的 31、搜集；集合；聚集 32、农业；农艺；农学 33、农业的；农艺的 34、奖；奖品授予；判定 35、产品；（尤指）农产品 36、雄禽；公鸡 37、赞美；钦佩；羡慕 38、充满活力的;精力充沛的;积极的 39、期望；期待；盼望 40、狂欢节；（四旬斋前的）饮宴狂欢；嘉年华（会） 41、月的；月亮的；阴历的 42、 (耶稣)复活节 43、游行；阅兵；检阅 44、日夜；昼夜；整天 45、衣服
46、基督徒；信徒 基督教的；信基督教的 47、耶稣 48、樱桃；樱桃树 49、花开花 50、好像 51、玩得开心 52、习惯；风俗 53、遍及全世界的；世界性的 54、玫瑰花蕾 55、愚人；白痴；受骗者 干傻事；开玩笑傻的 56、必要性；需要 57、许可；允许 58、预言；预报；预告 59、样子；方式；时尚 60、特立尼达岛 61、卡拉（女名） 62、哈利（男名） 63、（汽车等）停放 64、停车场 65、圣瓦伦廷节；人节 66、出现；到场 67、守信用；履行诺言 68、屏息；屏气 69、道歉；辩白 70、淹没；溺死；淹死 71、悲哀，悲伤 72、明显的；显而易见的 73、擦；揩；擦去 74、（使）迂回 75、牧群；兽群 76、银河 77、喜鹊 78、哭泣;流泪哭；哭泣 79、广播员；告知者；报幕员 80、出发；动身；使爆炸 81、提醒；使想起 82、使……想起…… 83、原谅；恕 Unit 2 84、日常饮食节食 85、意大利式细面条 86、坚果；果仁 87、肌肉；（食用）瘦肉 88、给予保护的；保护的
宾语从句总结归纳精华
宾语从句总结归纳精华Prepared on 21 November 2021
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1.Iwanttoknow if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithus. 2.Askhim whether(if)hecancome. 3.Iwonder whetheritisgoingtorainornot. 4.Couldyoutellme whether(if)MrLiliveshere. 注：只能用whether不能用if的情况如下: 1.在介词后面： I’mthinking of whether weshouldgofishing. Weareworried about whether itwillraintomorrow. 2.在动词不定式前： Theyaskedme whether togoskating. 3.当与ornot连用，或提出两种选择时: Idon’tknow whether he’sfree ornot. Maryasked whether Iwasdoingmyhomework ornot. Tellme whether you’dliketogoshopping or tidytheroom. 4.宾语从句提前时： Whether thisistrueornot,Ican’tsay. （3）由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾从 代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。 1.Heasked whocouldanswerthequestion. 2.Doyouknow whomtheyarewaitingfor 3.Heasked whosebikewasthebestintheclass.
新人教版高中英语必修三完整课文译文
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原的。美国的哥伦布日是纪念克里斯托弗.哥伦布发现“新大陆”的日子。印度 在10月2日有个全国性节日，纪念莫汉达斯.甘地，他是帮助印度脱离英国 而独立的领袖。 庆丰收的节日 收获与感恩节是十分喜庆的节日。越冬的粮食收集起来了，农活结束了，人们都心怀感激。在欧洲国家，人们通常用花果来装饰教堂和市政厅，在一 起聚餐。有些人还可能因为他们的农产品（参加各种评选）而获奖，比如最 大的西瓜或最帅的公鸡。中国和日本都有中秋节，这时人们会赏月。在中国，人们还品尝月饼。 春天的节日 最富生气而又最重要的节日，就是告别冬天、迎来春天的日子。中国人 过春节要吃饺子、鱼和肉，还要给孩子们送红纸包着的压岁钱。（他们）舞 龙灯、狂欢，全家人聚在一起欢庆阴历年。在一些西方国家有激动人心的狂 欢节，通常在二月，复活节前的四十天。狂欢节期间，人们穿着各种艳丽的 节日盛装，伴随着鼓噪的音乐，在街头游行，昼夜跳舞。复活节是全世界基 督徒的一个重要的宗教和公众节日。它庆祝耶稣复活，也欢庆春天和新生命 的到来。再晚些时候，日本就迎来了樱花节，（节日里）整个国度到处是盛 开的樱花。看上去就像覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。 人们喜欢聚在一起吃、喝、玩耍。节日让我们享受生活，让我们为自己的习俗而自豪，还可以暂时忘掉工作中的烦恼。 Using Language 一段伤心的爱情故事 李方的心都碎了。这天是情人节，胡瑾说她下班后会在咖啡馆和他见面
宾语从句专项讲解
宾语从句 在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 掌握宾语从句的三要素：引导词；从句语序；从句时态。 一、引导词。 1、当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或 非正式文体中常省略。如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 小练习： 1. I hear (that) _______________________. （一小时后他会回来） 2. He said (that) ______________________. （他非常想念我们） 3. The teacher told us (that) ________________________. （地球围着太阳转） 2、由一般疑问句充当宾语从句，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。 I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 但在下列情况下只能用whether： ①与or not连用时，往往用whether。如： Let me know whether he will come or not．让我知道他是否能来。 ②在介词之后用whether。如： I'm interested in whether he likes English．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。 We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time． ③与不定式连时，用whether。如： He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。 I don't know whether to go．我不知去否。 He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。 小练习： 1. I want to know __________________________________.（他是否跟我 们一起去公园） 2. Ask him _____________________. （他是否能来） 3. I don’t know ___________________________.（是否要下雨） 4. It depends on __________it is going to rain. 5. I don’t know _________it is a bird or not. 6. Lily asked ________to take some food 3、如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。 Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don’t know why the train is late. 小练习： 1. He asked _______________________________.(谁能回答这个问题） 2. Do you know _____________________________ ? （哪一个比较小） 3. Can you tell me _______________________________ ?（他在哪儿） 4. Could you tell me _______________________ ?（我该怎么去车站） 填入合适的连词 (1) He knew _________he should work hard. (2) She asked _________I was a teacher. (3) I wonder _________my mum is doing now.） (4) My mother asked ______helped me yesterday. 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I think he left yesterday morning. 2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一 般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如： He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. He said,“Mary is playing with the cat.”→ He said Mary was playing with the cat. He said, “he will go back to China soon.”→ He said he would go back to China soon 3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时，不受 主句时态的限制。例如： Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. The teacher said, “the moon moves around the sun.” → The teacher said that the moon moves around the sun. He said, “light travels much faster than sound.” →He said light travels much faster than sound. 小练习：用所给词的适当形式填空 (1) He says that he _________ (read) now . (2) Can you tell me if they _________ (finish) the work already ?. (3) Dou you know where John ________(go) yesterday? (4) My sister told me she _________ (be) free tomorrow. (5) I wanted to know if you __________(like) the movie. (6)The teacher told us the earth _________(go) around the sun. (7) Could you tell me if there __________(be) a hospital near here? 注意： 1、if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它 们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分 别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从 句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当……时候”，当主句时态是一般将 来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句 的题干中进行综合考查。如： —Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天 什么时候回来吗？ —Sorry，I don't know．When he comes back，I'll tell you．对不起， 不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。 —I don't know if he will come．我不知道他是否会来。 —He will come if it doesn't rain．如果不下雨，他会来的。 2、主句的谓语动词是 think, believe, imagine, suppose,等,从句的否定词 一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致. I think he isn’t a student. ×I don’t think he is a student. √ I don’t think he is a student. Is he? 其他的与主句一致。如： He said that the Greens has gone to Beijing. ______________? 3、当主句谓语动词是hope，decide，wish，choose，agree，promise 等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式. We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him. Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming _______ ________ ________ ________ very soon. 4、.动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化。 It seemed that she went to Beijing. →she seemed to go to Beijing. 5、由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构 I don’t know what I should do. →I don’t know what to do. I can’t decided which pair of shoes I should buy. →I can’t decided _____________________________buy 除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如： I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →I foun d it difficult to learn English well. Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow. Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. → Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground. They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy 小练习： (1) I think he is a good teacher,_____________. （反意疑问句） I _________ think he ________good teacher.(将上句变否定句） (2）I don’t know if he ________ ( come ) tomorrow if he_______( come), I will have a party for him (3) Do you know when Mary ____________(arrive)？ When she _____ (arrive), please tell me (4) Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? Can you tell me ____ _____ _____ _____the railway station? 间接引语人称的变化 （一主二宾三不变）即从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与 主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三 人称，不用变化。如： “May I use your knife？”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife. “Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number. 间接引语时间状语的变化 now→then today→that day this week→that week yesterday→the day before last week→the week before two days ago→two days before tomorrow→the next/following day next year→the next year here→there come→go 1. Do you know _______ during the coming summer holiday? A.what will Tom do B.what did Tom do C.what Tom will do D.what Tom did 2. I want to know_________. A.what is his name B.what’s his name C.that his name is D.what his name is 3. Do you know _______ I could pass the exam? A. that B. whether C. what D. which 4. Could you tell me ______ she is waiting for? A. that B. whose C. who D. which
宾语从句用法小结
宾语从句用法小结 一、宾语从句由关联词引出。 我们根据引导宾语从句的连词不同， 可把宾语从句分为三类： 以从属连词that引导的宾语从句。(陈述句) I hear (that) you have passed the examination. 以从属连词if 和whether引导的宾语从句(一般疑问句) I don‘t know if you can come tomorrow. 以连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句(特殊疑问句) Please tell me how you can get here. 二、宾语从句三要素：一连词, 二语序, 三时态。 1) 从句为陈述句时用that连接(常省略), 从句语序不变; 主句为一般现在时,从句可为任何时态。 主句为过去时态, 从句用相应的过去时态 I think (that) she is a clever girl. We all know (that) they reached Shanghai yesterday. Do you know (that) there is going to be a football match tonight? I saw (that) they were swimming in the river. 1There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know. Jack didn’t know that there would be a meeting in five days. 2. These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said that these flowers were from Guangdong 3. Tony can come to the school . I think. I think that Tony can come to the school 4. They returned to Shanghai. I am afraid. I am afraid that they returned to Shanghai 2) 从句为特殊疑问句时连接词用特殊疑问词引导, 从句改为陈述句语序; 主句为一般现在时,从句可为任何时态。 主句为过去时态, 从句用相应的过去时态 Do you know who she is? Please tell me how long I can keep this book. Nobody knows when he came back. He asked the policeman which is the way to the school. 1What size shoes does Mary wear? She wanted to know . She wanted to know what size shoes Mary wore. 2. When will the train leave? I want to know . I want to know when the train will leave 3. Who is the new girl in the class? He asked her . He asked her who was the new girl in the class.. 4. What do the words mean? The boy asked the teacher . The boy asked the teacher what the words meant. . 从句为一般疑问句时，连接词用whether 或if,