中医英语常用语

中医英语常用语
中医英语常用语

中医英语常用语

(一)中医方剂名称的翻译方法

从目前的翻译实践来看,方剂名称均可以音译。如“麻黄汤”可译为Mahuang Decoction,“桂枝汤”可译为Guizhi Decoction。也有的将剂型也予以音译。但也有不少人采用直译或意译的方式翻译方剂名称。但在具体翻译时有的采用英语翻译方剂名称中的中药名(如将“桂枝汤”译为Cinnamon Twig Decoction),有的则采用拉丁语翻译(如将“桂枝汤”译为Ramulus Cinnamoni Decoction)。有关中药名称的翻译问题,请参见第二十课的有关内容。

就直译和意译而言,方剂名称的翻译可以有如下一些方式:

1.以方中君药命名的方剂译式为:主药名+剂型名,如“麻黄汤”可译为Herba Ephedrae Decoction或Ephedra Decoction。

2.以主治病证命名的方剂译式为:病证名+剂型名,如“疝气汤”可译为Hernia Decoction。

3.以动物命名的方剂译式为:动物名+剂型名,如“白虎汤”可译为White Tiger Decoction,“青龙汤”可译为Blue Dragon Decoction。

4.以借喻法命名的方剂译式为:借喻物+剂型名,如“碧玉散”可译为Jasper Powder,“玉女煎”可译为Jade Maiden Decoction。

5.以功效命名的方剂译式为:功效+剂型名,如“温脾汤”可译为Spleen-Warming Decoction或Decoction for Warming the Spleen。

6.以服药时间命名的方剂译式为:时间+剂型名,如“鸡鸣散”可译为Rooster-Crowing Powder,“鸡苏散”可译为Rooster-Waking Powder。

7.以主药加功效命名的方剂译式为:主药+剂型名+for+功效,如“朱砂安神丸”

可译为Cinnabaris (或Cinnabar)Decoction for Tranquilizing the Mind,“黄连解毒汤”可译为Rhizoma Coptidis (或Coptis)Decoctioin for Relieving Toxin。

8.以颜色命名的方剂译式为:颜色+剂型名,如“桃花汤”可译为Peach Blossom Decoction,“紫雪丹”可译为Purple-Snow Bolus。

9.以加减方式命名的方剂译式为:君药+剂型名+plus(加)或minus(减)+加上或减去的药物名称,如“桂枝加(减)芍药汤”可译为Ramulus Cinnamoni (或Cinnamon Twig)Decoction Plus Radix Paeoniae(或Peony)。

10.以方中所含诸药数加功效命名的方剂译式为:所含诸药数+剂型名+for+功效,如“五味消毒饮”可译为Five-Ingredient Decoction for Eliminating Toxin。

(三)中医方剂常见剂型及其翻译

中医方剂剂型比较多,现就其主要种类与译法分述如下:

1.汤剂:Decoction

2.散剂:Powder

3.丸剂:可译为Bolus(大丸药)、Pellet(小丸药)或Pill

(1)蜜丸:Honeyed Bolus

(2)水丸:Water Pellet

(3)糊丸:Paste Pill

(4)浓缩丸:Condensed Pellet

4.膏剂:Paste, Ointment, Plaster, Salve

(1)流浸膏:Liquid Extract

(2)浸膏:Extract

(3)煎膏:Decocted Paste

(4)软膏:Ointment, Paste

(5)硬膏:Plaster

5.丹剂:与丸剂同,只因多用精练药品或贵重药品制成,所以称丹不称丸。

6.酒剂:Vinum

7.茶剂:Medicinal Tea

8.药露:Syrup

9.锭剂:Lozenge, Pastille, Troche

10.糖浆剂:Syrup

11.片剂:T ablet

12.冲服剂:Granule

13.针剂:Injection

14.栓剂:Suppository

15.胶囊剂:Capsule

(二)中药药性的翻译

1.Among these materials, flowers, herbs and trees are the ones most frequently used, that is why Chinese materia medica is called Chinese medicinal herbs.

在这些药物中,大多数是、草和树木,所以中药又称为中草药。

2.The Chinese medicinal herbs are characterized by four properties (cold, heat, warm and cool) and five tastes (sour, bitter, sweet, acrid or pungent-spicy and salty).

中草药具有寒、热、温、凉四种不同的药性(即四气)和酸、苦、甘、辛、咸五种不

同的味道(即五味)。

3.Herbs such as prepared aconite root (Fuzi), which relieve cold syndromes, are characterized as warm or hot.

象附子这样能解除寒证的草药性属温热。

4.When the taste is not obvious, it is known as bland or tasteless.

味道不明显的草药为淡味或无味。

5.Also, some herbs are characterized as astringent.

还有一些药物具有收涩的作用。

6.Herbs that have a dispersing function are pungent-spicy.

辛味之药具有宣散作用。

7.Herbs may be cold, slightly cold and very cold; bitter, slightly bitter and very bitter; etc.

药物或者为寒、微寒和大寒;或者为苦、微苦和苦甚。

8.The functional tendencies of herbs are marked by ascending, descending, floating and sinking.

药物的作用趋势为升降沉浮。

9.Herbs that ascend and float move upward and outward; they promote sweating, raise yang, cause vomiting and open the orifices.

具有升浮作用的药物有发汗、升阳、涌吐和开窍的功效。

10.Herbs that descend and sink move downward and inward, conduct qi downward, promote urination and defecation, subdue yang and calm the mind.

具有降沉作用的药物有行气、通便、潜阳和安神的功效

11.In addition, processing and preparation may change the taste and property of the herb and influence its functional tendencies.

另外,炮制有可能改变药物的性味和影响药物的作用趋向。

12.A herb may selectively act upon a particular part of the body to relieve pathogenic change in specific meridians and organs.

一个药物可以有选择性地作用于人体的某一特定部位以消除某一经络或器官的病变。

13.The meridians that a herb enters depend on the corresponding symptoms relieved.

一个药物归于何经取决于它所祛除之症状。

14.In the Chinese Materia Medica, the words “toxic, nontoxic, very toxic or slightly toxic” often appear.

在《中华本草》一书中,“有毒、无毒、有大毒或有小毒”等词经常出现。

15.No overdose of toxic herbs should be given as this may lead to side effects.

使用有毒的药物时不要多量,以免带来副作用。

(三)中医治则的翻译方法

1.Diaphoresis, also known as exterior-relieving method, is a therapeutic method used to open the muscular interstices and relieve exterior syndrome with the herbs for relieving the exterior and inducing sweating.

汗法,也叫解表法,是运用解表发汗的方药,开泄肌腠,解除表证的一种治疗方法。

2.It also can be used to treat edema serious above the waist, early stage of carbuncle and ulcer as well as inhibited eruption of measles with the same

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