(英语)高一英语阅读理解题20套(带答案)

（英语）高一英语阅读理解题20套(带答案)

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

Plan your dream vacation to one of these excellent destinations.

St. Lucia

Abundant rainforests and splendid mountains are all reasons to visit this Caribbean island. St. Lucia offers the perfect mix of relaxation and adventure. To take in the breathtaking scenery, plan to hike the Piton Mountains or dive in the waters of Anse Chastanet.

Banff. Alberta

This Canadian destination will bring out the explorer in anyone who visits. From hiking and whitewater rafting to skiing and snowboarding, Banff offers travelers an abundance of year-round outdoor activities. The Lake Louise Ski Resort is one of the largest in North America and the striking photo opportunities of the Canadian Rockies from Moraine Lake can't be underestimated (低估).

Machu Picchu

According to travelers, a visit to this Peruvian UNESCO World Heritage (遗产) site is a once-in-a-lifetime adventure. Located in the Andes Mountains, it is the most familiar icon (象征物) of Inca civilization. Spend a few days accustoming yourself to the altitude in the neighboring city of Cusco, where you can experience a mix of Incan and Spanish cultures.

Great Barrier Reef

It's easy to see why the Great Barrier Reef is one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World –it stretches nearly 1,500 miles along the eastern coastline of Australia and features about 3,000 reefs, 900 islands and more than 1,500 species of fish. Travelers can see these amazing natural structures from the air or underwater. However, large amounts of coral bleaching (褪色) caused by rising ocean temperatures put this place's continued existence at risk, so plan your visit soon to see this awesome sight up close.

（1）What can you enjoy both in St. Lucia and Banff?

A. Hiking.

B. Skiing.

C. Diving.

D. Snowboarding.

（2）Where may a historian choose to go?

A. St. Lucia.

B. Banff. Alberta.

C. Machu Picchu.

D. Great Barrier Reef （3）What do we know about the Great Barrier Reef?

A. It's on the western coast of Australia.

B. It's famous for coral reefs rather than fish.

C. People must take a plane to enjoy its beauty.

D. It may disappear if temperature keeps on rising.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四处假期极好的去处及各自特色。

（1）考查细节理解。根据St. Lucia部分中的“plan to hike the Piton Mountains or dive in the waters of Anse Chastanet.”和Banff. Alberta部分中的“From hiking and whitewater rafting to

skiing and snowboarding, Banff offers travelers an abundance of year-round outdoor activities.”可知在St. Lucia和 Banff人们都可以徒步旅行，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Machu Picchu部分中的“a visit to this Peruvian UNESCO World Heritage (遗产) site is a once-in-a-lifetime adventure.和Spend a few days accustoming yourself to the altitude in the neighboring city of Cusco, where you can experience a mix of Incan and Spanish cultures.”可知历史学家们可以在这里参观联合国教科文组织世界遗产遗址，体验印加文化和西班牙文化的融合。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据Great Barrier Reef部分中的“large amounts of coral bleaching (褪色) caused by rising ocean temperatures put this place's continued existence at risk, so plan your visit soon to see this awesome sight up close.”可知海洋温度升高造成大量珊瑚褪色，对大堡礁的存在造成了威胁。由此可推断如果温度继续升高，大堡礁可能会消失。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

The University of Sheffield

Back to its origin

The University of Sheffield is a research university in the city of Sheffield in South Yorkshire, England. It is one of the original “red brick” universities, which are a group of top and famous old universities. The University of Sheffield was originally formed by the combination of three colleges. The Sheffield School of Medicine was founded in 1828, followed in 1879 by the opening of Firth College by Mark Firth, a steel manufacturer (制造商), to teach arts and science subjects. Firth College then helped to provide money for the opening of the Sheffield Technical School in 1884 to teach applied science. In 1897 the three institutions were joined together to form the University College of Sheffield, which in turn became the University of Sheffield by Royal Charter (特许) in 1905. This university is famous for its good education and boasts a number of Nobel Prize winners among its former students.

More information

System: The University has five departments: Arts and Humanities; Engineering; Pure Science; Social Sciences; Medicine, Dentistry and Health. Sheffield also has many research programs in fields including aerospace, environmental science, psychology, and biology.

City show: Sheffield is a lively city in the north of England. Sheffield is known as the greenest city in Europe because of its 2 million trees. As a result, there are many parks and woods throughout the city and beyond. Sheffield is the greenest city in England with 150 woodlands and 50 public parks within the city. Once, in Sheffield, the folk hero—Robin Hood lived in Sherwood Forest with 150 of his loyal friends. And Charlotte Bronte, the English writer noted for her novel Jane Eyre was born in Sheffield.

（1）Sheffield is in the of England.

A. east

B. west

C. south

D. north

（2）Which statement about the University of Sheffield is not TRUE?

A. It has a good fame for many great graduates.

B. It has a long history of more than 180

years.

C. It is one member of “red brick” universities.

D. It owns different departments and research programs.

（3）What can we infer from the text?

A. Sheffield has very beautiful scenery.

B. Charlotte Bronte is an English writer.

C. Sheffield is the biggest city of England.

D. Robin Hood is a character in Jane Eyre.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了谢菲尔德大学的发展历史和学院设置，同时也介绍了谢菲尔德这座城市。

（1）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Sheffield is a lively city in the north of England”可知，该城市位于英格兰的北部。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“In 1897 the three institutions were joined together to form the University College of Sheffield ,which in turn became the University of Sheffield by Royal Charter in1905”可知，1905年这所大学才正式批准，故其历史不到180年。故B项错误，选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ Sheffield is known as the greenest city in Europe because of its 2 million trees. As a result, there ...within the city.”其中关键信息“ the gr eenest city in Europe”;“the greenest city in England”可以推断出是Sheffield有优美的风景。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining global popularity. According to a government white paper, TCM has been introduced in 183 countries and regions around the world. Westerners' understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupuncture, cupping and massage(针灸，拔罐和按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on U. S. swimmer Michael Phelps，back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016.

As a matter of fact, Chinese herbs play a more important role in getting rid of diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. It is therefore disheartening to know that while 103 World Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine. TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs. Herbs are made into pills, powder and soup, and the kind of herbs used, their quality and quantity, and the processing of the ingredients (原材料) jointly determine the effectiveness of the prescription. Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition

and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved in recent decades, with an increasing number of factories producing patented TCM drugs.

Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription drugs is the lack of creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicines according to prescriptions handed down from the past. Chinese chemist Tu Youyou's winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria (疟疾) treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China's TCM industry. However, the current state of affairs cannot be changed within a short time.

（1）Why does the author mention the example of Michael Phelps?

A. Because he was injured in his swimming.

B. Because cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment.

C. Because westerners know a little about TCM.

D. Because westerners attach great importance to TCM.

（2）Why don't some member countries of WHO recognize Chinese herbal medicine? A. Because Chinese herbs can get rid of diseases. B. Because they only approve the practice of acupuncture.

C. Because Western medicine is more effective.

D. Because medicine made out of Chinese herbs develops slowly.

（3）Compared with Western medicine, what is the weak point of TCM in Paragraph 4? A. The methods of planting herbs. B. The effectiveness of prescription.

C. Lacking in standardization.

D. Its stable functions.

（4）The lack of creativity in TCM refers to the fact that ________.

A. medicine-making companies lack creativity

B. prescriptions are got from the past

C. Western companies are more experienced

D. medicine-making companies lack driving force

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，街扫了传统中药的好处。和西医相比，它不必动手术，费用少，且没有术后感染的风险等，但生产缺乏标准化、疗效不稳定和缺乏创造力等问题也严重阻碍中医药的发展。

(1)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Westerners' under standing of TCM, however, may be limited to acupuncture, cupping and massage(针灸，拔罐和按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on U. S. swimmer Michael Phelps，back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016.”可知，作者提到Michael Phelps的例子是说明西方人对TCM有一点了解，但这种了解只限于针灸，拔罐和按摩。故选C。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the

slow development of Chinese herbs.”可知，有些WHO的成员国不承认中国的草药是因为中药发展缓慢，远远落后于西药。故选D。

(3)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable.”可知，与西医相比，在第四段中指出中医的弱点是缺乏标准化。故选C。

(4)考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription drugs is the lack of creativity.”可知，中药缺乏创造力指的是中药是根据过去流传下来的处方做成的。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇医学类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Home Laundry Automatic Dryer Product

Full Two Year Warranty（保修）

Limited Five Year Warranty on Cabinet（机箱）

Warranty Provides for：

FIRST TWO YEARS Amana will repair or replace any faulty part free of charge.

THIRD THRU FIFTH YEARS Amana will provide a free replacement part for any cabinet which proves faulty due to rust（生锈）.

Warranty Limitations：

Warranty begins at date of original purchase.

Applies only to product used within the United States or in Canada if product is approved by Canadian Standards Association when shipped from factory.

Products used on a commercial or rental basis not covered by this warranty.

Service must be performed by an Amana servicer.

Adjustments covered during first year only.

Warranty Does Not Cover It If：

Product has damage due to product change，connection to an improper electrical supply> shipping and handling, accident, fire, floods, lightning or other conditions beyond the control of Amana.

Product is improperly installed（安装）or applied.

Owner's Responsibilities：

Provide sales receipt.

Normal care and repair.

Having the product reasonably accessible for service.

Pay for service calls related to product installation or usage instructions.

Pay for extra service costs, over normal service charges, if servicer is requested to perform service outside servicer^ normal business hours.

In no event shall Amana be responsible for consequential damages（间接损坏）.

This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may have others which vary from state to state For example, some states do not allow the exclusion（排除）or limitation of consequential damages, so this exclusion may not apply to you.

（1）According to Warranty Limitations, a product can be under warranty if .

A. used in the U.S.A

B. rented for home use

C. repaired by the user himself

D. shipped from a Canadian factory

（2）According to Owner's Responsibilities, an owner has to pay for .

A. the product installation

B. a servicer's overtime work

C. the loss of the sales receipt

D. a mechanic's transportation

（3）Which of the following is true according to the warranty?

A. Consequential damages are excluded across America.

B. A product damaged in a natural disaster is covered by the warranty.

C. A faulty cabinet due to rust can be replaced free in the second year.

D. Free repair is available for a product used improperly in the first year.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文这是一张保修单，属于说明文，对家用自动干洗机的保修时限、保修服务范围、购买者所负的责任、不属于保修服务内容以及对结果性损失不负任何责任诸方面进行了详尽说明。

(1)考查细节理解。根据“Warranty Limitations：? Applies only to product used within the United States”可知，根据保修限制，如果在美国使用，产品可以在保修期内。故选A。(2)考查细节理解。根据“Owner's Responsibilities：? Pay for extra service costs, ov er normal service charges”可知，根据业主的责任，业主必须为服务人员的加班工作支付费用。故选B。

(3)考查细节理解。根据“FIRST TWO YEARS Amana will repair or replace any faulty part free of charge.”可知，一个有缺陷的橱柜在第二年就可以被替换掉。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Durian(榴莲) is probably the smelliest fruit in the world, letting out an unusual unpleasant smell which would make anyone bring up. However, nobody was aware of what gave this fruit its unique smell, so a team of researchers from Singapore decided to take a look at its genome (基因组) and find out,

Durian is well-known throughout Southeast Asia as the king of fruits, mostly because of its awful appearance and smell. However, the origin of this unpleasant smell was unknown, so researchers decided to map the genome of the fruit, and find the gene that controlled it. A group of genes, volatile sulfur compounds (含硫化合物), became very active in the fruit, and they were

found responsible for resulting in the unpleasant smell.

The fruit confuses everyone with a sulfuric smell, like rotten onions and ingredients. The smell lasts long, mostly because the fruit contains more volatile sulfur compounds. Other species usually benefit from two gene copies at most, but durian has four, leading to the striking smell.

However, this smell might be an advantage for durian in the wild. Although we find it unpleasant, many animals might be attracted by it. If they eat the fruit, then they can easily spread its seeds everywhere, thus contributing to the distribution of the species.

The mapping of the durian genome also showed some other information on the species. First of all, the fruit has an impressive number of genes, namely 46,000. Also, with the help of these genes, they saw how it evolved, and discovered it was related to the cacao tree. All the other discoveries have been published in the journal Nature Genetics.

Despite the striking smell, many people actually enjoy eating the fruit. However, not all durian species are edible, and some of them may even cause damage to our health, Even so, the fruit is often imported, significantly contributing to the economy.

（1）What give durian its unique smell?

A. Onions nearby.

B. Two gene copies.

C. Rotten ingredients in it.

D. Volatile sulfur compounds.

（2）What does the underlined word “evolved” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?

A. Developed.

B. Escaped.

C. Predicted.

D. Tolerated.

（3）What can we infer from the text?

A. No birds enjoy eating durian.

B. Durian can be planted all over the world.

C. Some of durian species can not be eaten.

D. Durian has no relationship with the cacao tree.

（4）What's the best title for the text?

A. What's Durian?

B. The Influence of the Smell

C. The Distribution of Durian

D. The Mystery of the Unpleasant Smell of Durian 【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，新加坡的研究者找出导致水果有难闻气味的原因就是水果中含有的挥发性硫化合物非常活跃，这种气味对于野外生存榴莲来说有利于吸引动物来吃这种水果，同时传播种子。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“so researchers decided to map the genome of the fruit, and find the gene that controlled it. A group of genes, volatile sulfur compounds (含硫化合物), became very active in the fruit, and they were found responsible for resulting in the unpleasant smell.”可知，研究人员找到一组基因——挥发性硫化合物（South-Type），在水果中非常活跃，发现是它们导致了这种难闻的气味。故选D。

(2)考查词义猜测。根据倒数第二段内容可知，研究者画出了榴莲的基因图。通过基因图，发现了这种水果的基因庞大，有46000条基因。在这些基因的帮助下，他们了解了榴莲的基因如何演变的，并发现榴莲与可可树有关。A项develop“使进化”，与划线词evolved 是

同义词。故选A。

(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“not all durian species are edible, and some of them may even cause dam6.age to our health,”可知，并不是所有的榴莲都是能吃的，有些榴莲是不可以吃的。由此可推断出选C。

(4)考查主旨大意。文章说榴莲可能是世界上最臭的水果，但没有人知道原因。新加坡的研究者决定来查明原因。最后通过绘制的榴莲基因图发现了它难闻气味的原因。由此可知，本文最好的题目应该是“榴莲难闻之谜”最为适合，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Summer is approaching and the following books can accompany you during the hot season.

◆And Then Comes Summer by Tom Brenner

The smell of fresh-cut grass. The coldness of ice cream on your tongue. The sound of crickets(蟋蟀) at night, This romantic feast for senses is as much a celebration of the season as it is a summer bucket list! Attractive illustrations(插图)and descriptive text warm your heart and inspired play like never before.

Available from Amazon. $11.28

◆Three Little Words by Amy Novesky

Dery's “Just keep swimming!” message of per severance is perfect for any one who has ever felt like they were drowning. Follow Dory an unforgettable adventure as she finds her way in this beautiful watercolor adventure of friendship and survival.

Available from Amazon. $12 06

◆There Might be Lobsters by Carolyn Crimi

Meet Suki. She's a small dog with a big fear of the beach. When a rescue is in order, Suki saves that the day, proving that there's nothing to fear but fear itself. Quite possibly the perfect picture book for anxious kids fearful to try new experiences, this timeless treasure opens the door to calming dialogues and messages of bravery and victory.

Available from Amazon. $11.84

◆Jabari Jumps by Gaia Cornwall

You know that feeling when you're as excited as you are scared to make a leap? That's how Jabari feels about his first jump off the diving board. He knows how to swim. He knows jumping off sure looks fun. But does he have what it takes to take a try? With some gentle encouragement from his loving father, Jabari jumps.

Available from Amazon. $11.26

（1）What can you enjoy in the book And Then Comes Summer?

A. Swimming skills.

B. Fun of summer.

C. Art exhibition.

D. A lovely dog.（2）What do There Might be Lobsters and Jabari Jumps have in common?

A. They have the same prices.

B. Their characters do the same sports.

C. They can be bought in different places.

D. Their characters succeed in ridding fear.

（3）Which book describes the experience of learning to swim?

A. And Then Comes Summer

B. There Might be Lobsters

C. Three Little Words

D. Jabari Jumps

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几本可以在炎热的季节陪伴你的书。

(1)考查细节理解。根据And Then Comes Summer部分中的“The smell of fresh-cut grass. The coldness of ice cream on your tongue. The sound of crickets(蟋蟀) at night, This romantic feast for senses is as much a celebration of the season as it is a summer bucket list!”这些对夏天事物和乐趣的描写可知从这本书中我们可以享受到夏天的乐趣，故选B。

(2)考查细节理解。根据There Might be Lobsters 部分中的“She's a small dog with a big fear of the beach. When a rescue is in order, Suki saves that the day, proving that there's nothing to fear but fear itself.和Jabari Jumps by Gaia Cornwall中You know that feeling when you're as excited as you are scared to make a leap? With some gentle encouragement from his loving father, Jabari jumps.”可知这两本书都讲述了主人公成功克服恐惧的故事，故选D。

(3)考查细节理解。根据Three Little Words部分中的“Dery's ‘Just keep swimming!’ message of perseverance is perfect for anyone who has ever felt like they were drowning. Follow Dory an unforgettable adventure”等信息可知本书描述了Dery学游泳的经历，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

If you're showering every day, you're probably over doing it. In fact, showering too often can actually hurt your body in the long run.

As Time's public health column explains, daily showers are common due to social norms more than any proper health need. We connect being freshly showered with being attractive and pleasing, so we tend to showering often to feel better.

But what's the ideal shower frequency? In terms of your health — not how you look or smell —probably once or twice a week, assistant professor of dermatology at George Washington University, Dr. C. Brandon Mitchell says. “Your body is naturally a well-oiled machine,” he says. “A daily show er isn't necessary.”

Of course, your situation may vary. If you have a job like car maintenance or construction, you'll obviously have a visible layer of dirt you'll need to wash off every single day. Similarly, if you work out every day, you may not have any health risks by washing every day, but you'll still be smelly. If

you feel like you need to take daily showers for aesthetic（审美的）reasons, at least make most of them light showers. “I tell patients who shower daily not to soap their whole bodies,” M itchell says. Hit your pits, butt and groin, which are the areas that produce strong smells. The rest of your body doesn't need much soaping, he says.

Too much time spent under the hot water can dry out your skin, cause cracks（裂纹）that can lead to infections or germs getting into your skin, and take away the natural oils on your skin that help keep it healthy. So, even if you're aiming to be your most presentable, be sure to keep it moderate to avoid hurting your skin in the long run.

（1）According to the passage, why do most people shower daily?

A. To meet health need.

B. To wash off dirt.

C. To add to attraction.

D. To get relaxation.

（2）Which of the following people might be advised to shower once or twice a week? A. Office staff B. Car maintainer C. Building workers D. Gym-goers

（3）The underlined phrase “light showers” in Para. 4 refers to the showers in which ________.

A. bright lights are equipped

B. a little soaping is involved

C. gentle skin touches are allowed

D. less hot water is used

（4）What is the best title for the text?

A. Showering Daily Becomes a Custom

B. Daily Shower Does No Good to You

C. Protect Your Skin When Showering

D. You Probably Needn't Shower Daily

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，从长远来看，每天淋浴对身体健康有害。如果不是每天身上都会沾污垢或是每天都出很多汗的工作，普通人一周洗一两次澡足够了。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“We connect being freshly showered with being attractive and pleasing, so we tend to showering often to feel better.”可知多数人每天淋浴是为了增加吸引力，故选C。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“If you have a job like car maintenance or construction, you'll obviously have a visible layer of dirt you'll need to wash off every single day. Similarly, if you work out every day, you may not have any health risks by washing every day, but you'll still be smelly.”可知每天身上都会沾污垢或是每天都出很多汗的工作，才需要每天洗澡，故选A。

(3)考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“‘I tell patients who shower daily not to soap their whole bodies,’ Mitchell says. Hit your pits, butt and groin, which are the areas that produce strong smells. The rest of your body doesn't need much soaping, he says.可知‘light showers’”指的是只在一些部位涂肥皂，而全身不需要太多肥皂，故选B。

(4)考查主旨大意。本文主要讲了从长远来看，每天淋浴对身体健康有害。如果不是每天身上都会沾污垢或是每天都出很多汗的工作，普通人一周洗一两次澡足够了。所以选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一

篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

One of my first memories as a child in the 1950s was a discussion I had with my brother in our tiny bedroom in the family house in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.

We had heard in school about a planet called Pluto. It was the farthest, coldest, and darkest thing a child could imagine. We guessed how long it would take to die if we stood on the surface of such a frozen place wearing only the clothes we had on. We tried to figure out how much colder Pluto was than Antarctica, or than the coldest day we had ever experienced in Pennsylvania.

Pluto, which f amously was downgraded from a “major planet” to a “dwarf planet”（矮星） in 2006, captured our imagination because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system.

Pluto's underdog discovery story is part of what makes it so attractive. Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas farm boy who built telescopes out of spare auto parts, old farm equipment and self-ground lenses. As an assistant at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, Tombaugh's task was to search millions of stars for a moving point of light, a planet that the observatory's founder thought existed beyond the orbit of Neptune. On February 18，1930，Tombaugh found it. Pluto was the first planet discovered by an American, and represented a moment of light in the midst of the Great Depression's dark encroachment (入侵).

Pluto is much more than something that is not a planet. It's a reminder that there are many worlds out there beyond our own and that the sky isn't the limit at all. We don't know what kinds of fantastic variations on a theme nature is capable of making until we get there to look.

（1）Why did Pluto become famous in 2006 according to the passage?

A. Because it lost its major planet status.

B. Because it disappeared in the sky.

C. Because it was discovered by an American.

D. Because it was proved to be the coldest planet in the universe.

（2）What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. An American Scientist: Clyde Tombaugh

B. Pluto was First Discovered by a Boy

C. Pluto's Strange Romance

D. The Days I Spent with My Brother in Pennsylvania

（3）What can we learn from the fourth paragraph?

A. Clyde Tombaugh discovered the darkness in the Great Depression.

B. Pluto was the only planet that was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh.

C. Clyde Tombaugh's job was to build telescopes for Lowell Observatory.

D. Clyde Tombaugh's telescopes used for searching stars were very simple.

（4）What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph most probably mean?

A. Pluto is no less than a planet in the solar system.

B. Pluto is much more than a planet in the solar system.

C. Pluto is more important than any other planet in the sky.

D. Pluto is not a planet in the solar system, but it is more than a planet.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】文章讲述了小时候作者对冥王星的认识，以及冥王星被发现和被从太阳系去除的经过，更表现了冥王星的神秘和魅力，这使作者认识到宇宙是无穷的，也是不断变化的，需要我们不停去探索。

( 1 )推理判断题。根据第三段Pluto, which famously was downgraded from a “major planet” to a “dwarf planet”（矮星）in 2006, captured our imagination because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system可知，在2006年冥王星被从太阳系大行星中被去除，失去了其大行星地位，故选A。

( 2 )主旨大意题。文章主要讲述的是冥王星的被发现和被从太阳系去除的经过，更表现了它的神秘和魅力。C项“冥王星的奇怪浪漫史”概括全文，故选C。

( 3 )推理判断题。根据第四段Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas farm boy who built telescopes out of spare auto parts, old farm equipment and self-ground lenses.和On February 18，1930，Tombaugh found it. Pluto was the first planet discovered by an American, and represented a moment of light in the midst of the Great Depression's dark encroachment (入侵).可知，是Clyde Tombaugh用他简陋的仪器发现了冥王星，成了第一个发现行星的美国人，并且给黑暗的大萧条时期带来了一线光明。故选D。

( 4 )猜测句意题。此句指冥王星的发现并不仅仅是一颗行星，它还让我们知道了宇宙无限大，天空根本不是极限，它们是不断变化的需要我们去探索。故选D。

【点评】考查科普类短文阅读。

9．Directions: Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

A tiny clue found in ancient deposits has unlocked big secrets about Greenland's past and future climate. Just beyond the northwest edge of the vast Greenland Ice Sheet, researchers have discovered lake mud that have survived the last ice age. The mud, and remains of common flies in it, record two interglacial periods(间冰期)in northwest Greenland.

Although researchers have long known these two periods—the early Holocene and Last Interglacial—experienced warming in the Arctic, the mix of fly species shows that Greenland was even warmer than previously thought. "As far as we know, it has never been found in Greenland. We think this is the first time anyone has reported it in ancient deposits or modern lakes there," Axford said. "We were really surprised to see how far north it migrated (迁徙)."

This new information could help researchers better measure Greenland's sensitivity to warming, by testing and improving models of climate and ice sheet behaviour. Those models could then improve predictions of how Greenland's ice sheet might respond to man-made global warming. After all, Greenland covers 80 per cent of the Arctic country and holds enough ice to equal 20 feet of global sea level. "Northwest Greenland might feel really remote, but what happens to that ice sheet is going to matter to everyone in every coastal city around the world," said Yarrow Axford, an associate professor in the team. "One of the big uncertainties in climate science is how fast the Earth changes when it gets warmer. Geology gives us an opportunity to see what happened when the Earth was warmer than today," said Axford.

People might be surprised to see how today's Greenland looked during the last two interglacial periods. During the Last Interglacial, global sea levels increased by 15 to 30 feet, largely due to thinning of Greenland and Antarctica's ice sheets. However, now researchers believe northern Greenland's ice sheet experienced stronger warming than previously thought, which could mean that Greenland is more responsible for that sea-level rise.

Finding lake deposits older than about 10,000 years, however, has been historically very difficult in Greenland. To measure these ancient temperatures, researchers look to ice cores (冰核) and lake deposits. Since ice and lake deposits form by a gradual buildup on annual layers of snow or mud, these cores contain history of the past. By looking through the layers, researchers can obtain climate clues from centuries ago.

（1）Why are the remains of flies mentioned in the first two paragraphs?

A.They serve as evidence that there is still life in the Northwest Greenland.

B.They were one of the many ancient lives that were left in the Greenland mud.

C.They are indicators that Greenland was much warmer than previously thought.

D.They help the researchers realize that there was once a warm period in the Arctic.

（2）The new information about Greenland is important because______________.

A.researchers have no idea how to measure Greenland's warming speed

B.it can help researchers better predict Greenland's response to warming

C.people should be more sensitive to the changes in the ice in Greenland

D.it is uncertain how fast the Earth changes with man-made global warming

（3）Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A.It is easier for today's scientists to find ancient lake deposits.

B.People are surprised at the landscape feature of Greenland today.

C.Researchers measure the changing temperatures by directly examining mud.

D.Greenland holds enough ice that might one day threaten life in coastal cities.

（4）Which do you think is the best title of the passage?

A.Greenland Used to Be Much Greener

B.Earth Once Experienced Warm Periods

C.Coastal Cities Warned of Coming Disasters

D.Northwest Greenland, A Perfect Destination

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在古代沉积物中发现的一条微小线索揭开了格陵兰岛过去和未来气候的大秘密。就在广阔的格陵兰冰原的西北边缘，研究人员发现了在最后一个冰河时代幸存下来的湖泥。现在研究人员认为，格陵兰北部的冰盖经历了比之前认为的更强烈的变暖。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“The mud, and remains of co mmon flies in it, record two interglacial periods（间冰期）in northwest Greenland.”在格陵兰岛西北部，泥浆和常见苍蝇的残骸记录了两次间冰期；以及第二段中的“Although researchers have long known these two periods—the early Holocene and Last Interglacial—experienced warming in the Arctic, the mix of fly species shows that Greenland was even warmer than previously thought. ”尽管研究人员很早就知道这两个时期——全新世早期和最后一次间冰期——在北极经历了变暖，但混合的蝇类表明格陵兰岛甚至比之前认为的还要热。可知，在前两段中提到苍蝇的残骸是为了证明格陵兰岛的温度比之前认为的要高得多。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“This new information could help researchers better measure Greenland's sensitivity to warming, by testing and improving models of climate and ice sheet behaviour. ”可知，这些新信息可以帮助研究人员更好地测量格陵兰岛对气候变暖的敏感性。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“After all, Greenland covers 80 per cent of the Arctic country and holds enough ice to equal 20 feet of global sea level. ‘Northwest Greenland might feel really remote, but what happens to that ice sheet is going to matter to everyone in every coastal city around the world,’” 可知，格陵兰岛覆盖了这个北极国家的80%，拥有相当于全球海平面20英尺的冰。“格陵兰西北部可能真的感觉很遥远，但冰盖的变化将关系到世界上每个沿海城市的每个人。”故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。本文通过最新的发现——最后一个冰河时代幸存下来的湖泥及湖泥中的苍蝇残骸及其相关研究说明格陵兰岛之前可能更暖和。因此，本文的最佳标题应为“格陵兰岛曾经更加绿色”。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

Dogs love to get out and stretch their legs, which not only helps to keep them in shape, but enables them to keep the extra pounds off. Pet hiking has been popular recently, getting dogs off the sidewalk.

Three years ago, Denver resident Brittany Redding was stressed out, working 60 hours a week while studying in graduate school full-time. The only thing that helped was taking her four dogs hiking. "That's when it hit me that I should do that as a job." she says. After graduating in June 2016, she founded Take a Hike. Her company, like a number of others around the country, takes dogs to explore beyond the neighborhood.

Before taking on the tracks, Brittany meets with each dog and his or her owner to get a sense of the pet's character. Then she schedules a meet-and-greet with other dogs that will join the hike to be sure to match their personalities. Each hiking is about two hours long and includes transportation to and from the track for around $70 per outing. "Hiking allows dogs lo meet new friends and explore new tracks, smells, and wildlife," she explains.

Michael Mizenko thinks sending his pet, Ajax, on weekly hikes with Take a Hike has made Ajax a happier dog. Over the past two years, hiking has taught Ajax how to stay off pavement, be more social and remain calm in the car. "It has made him a flexible easygoing guy." Michael says.

（1）Why has pet hiking been popular in these days?

A.Dogs strongly desire their owners to go hiking.

B.Animal health specialists recommend people to do it.

C.It is beneficial for pets' shape and health.

D.The owner's house is not big enough for dogs.

（2）What is the second paragraph mainly talking about?

A.Why Brittany founded Take a Hike.

B.How hard the study life of Brittany was.

C.Take a Hike is very popular in the neighborhood.

D.Dog hiking has brought great enjoyment to Brittany.

（3）What does Brittany want to make sure before taking her customers' dogs to go hiking?

A.The distance of the track.

B.The character of each dog.

C.The environment of the track.

D.The emotions of both dogs and their owners.

（4）How often does Michael Mizenko send his pet to hike with Take a Hike?

A.Every day.

B.Once a week.

C.Twice a week.

D.Every other week.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，宠物徒步旅行变得很流行，这对宠物的身形和健康有好处。丹佛居民Brittany Redding创立了Take a Hike公司，专门负责带着宠物狗去徒步旅行。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Dogs love to get out and stretch their legs, which not

only helps to keep them in shape, but enables them to keep the extra pounds off. Pet hiking has been popular recently, getting dogs of f the sidewalk.”狗喜欢到外面伸展腿部，这不仅有助于保持体形，还可以减少多余的体重。因此带宠物徒步旅行变得很流行的原因在于它对宠物的身形和健康有好处。故选C。

（2）考查段落大意。根据第二段“Three years ago, Denver resident Brittany Redding was stressed out, working 60 hours a week while studying in graduate school full-time. The only thing that helped was taking her four dogs hiking. ‘That's when it hit me that I should do that as a job.’ she ways. After graduating in June 2016, she founded Take a Hike. Her company, like a number of others around the country, takes dogs to explore beyond the neighborhood.”可知，三年前丹佛居民Brittany Redding在全日制研究生院学习的同时每周还要工作60个小时，这使她感到压力重重。只有一件事能够让她感到放松：带她的四只狗徒步旅行。就在那时她想到她应该把带狗徒步旅行当作自己的工作。于是2016年6月毕业后，她创立了Take a Hike公司。因此第二段主要谈论的是Brittany Redding创立Take a Hike公司的原因。故选A。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Before taking on the tracks, Brittany meets with each dog and his or her owner to get a sense of the pet's character.”可知，在开始徒步旅行之前，Brittany与每只狗及其主人见面以了解宠物的性格。即Brittany要在带上顾客的狗去远足之前了解每只狗的性格。故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Michael Mizenko thinks sending his pet, Ajax, on weekly hikes with Tak e a Hike has made Ajax a happier dog.”可知，Michael Mizenko认为，每周一次的徒步旅行使他的宠物Ajax变得更快乐。因此Michael Mizenko每周将宠物送到Take a Hike公司参加一次徒步旅行。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。