福娃是北京2008年第29届奥运会吉祥物,其色彩与灵感来源
福娃是北京2008年第29届奥运会吉祥物，其色彩与灵感来源于奥林匹克五环、来源于中国辽阔的山川大地、江河湖海和人们喜爱的动物形象。福娃向世界各地的朋友们传递友谊、和平、积极进取的精神和人与自然和谐相处的美好愿望。福娃是五个可爱的亲密小伙伴，他们的造型融入了鱼、大熊猫、藏羚羊、燕子以及奥林匹克圣火的形象。
Fuwa, mascotas de los Juegos Olímpicos de Beijing 2008. Sus colores y la inspiración del dise?o vienen de los cinco anillos olímpicos, se provienen de las monta?as, los ríos y las imágenes de los animales que la gente le gusta más. Fuwa no sólo difunden en todo el mundo la amistad, la paz y el espíritu del emprendedor sino también personifican el deseo de la armonía entre el ser humano y la naturaleza. Ellos son cinco amigos íntimos, contienen las imagines de pez, panda, antílope tibetano, golondrina y fuego sagrado olímpico.
第三版大学英语 1 一课一练 Unit 1
北京联合大学大学英语课程（上外教版）一课一练试卷（I级Unit One）Part I Writing (30 minutes) 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a paragraph of your plan to develop your listening comprehension and speaking ability at college. You should write at least 120 words. Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. How to Improve Your Study Habits Perhaps you are an average student with average intelligence. You do well enough in school, but you probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessary the case, however. You can receive better grades if you want to. Yes, even students of average intelligence can be top students without additional work. Here’s how: 1. Plan your time carefully. Make a list of your weekly tasks. Then make a schedule or chart of your time. Fill in committed time such as eating, sleeping, meetings, classes, etc. Then decide on good, regular times for studying. Be sure to set aside enough time to complete your normal reading and work assignments. Of course, studying shouldn’t occupy all of the free time on the schedule. It’s important to set aside time for relaxation, hobbies, and entertainment as well. This weekly schedule may not solve all of your problems, but it will make you more aware of how you spend your time. Furthermore, it will enable you to plan your activities so that you have adequate time for both work and play. 2. Find a good place to study. Choose one place for your study area. It may be a desk or a chair at home or in the school library, but it should be comfortable, and it should not have distractions. When you begin to work, you should be able to concentrate on the subject. 3. Skim before you read.This means looking over a passage quickly before you begin to read it more carefully. As you preview the material, you get some idea of the content and how it is organized. Later when you begin to read you will recognize less important material and you may skip some of these portions. Skimming helps double your reading speed and improves your comprehension as well. 4. Make good use of your time in class. Listening to what the teacher says in class means less work later. Sit where you can see and hear well. Take notes to help you remember what the teacher says. 5. Study regularly. Go over your notes as soon as you can after class. Review important points mentioned in class as well as points you remain confused about. Read about these points in your textbook. If you know what the teacher will discuss the next day, skim and read that material too. This will help you understand the next class. If you review your notes and textbooks regularly, the material will become more meaningful and you will remember it longer. Regular review leads to improved performance on tests. 6. Develop a good attitude about tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. The world won’t end if you don’t pass a test, so don’t worry excessively about a single test. Tests provide grades, but they also let you know what you need to spend more time studying, and they help make your new knowledge permanent. There are other techniques that might help you with your studying. Only a few have been mentioned here. You will probably discover many others after you have tried these. Talk with your classmates about their study techniques. Share with them some of the techniques you have found to be helpful. Improving your study habits will improve your grades.
2008年北京奥运会标志设计理念
2008年北京奥运会标志 “舞动的北京”。 这就是第二十九届奥林匹克运动会会徽。 “舞动的北京”是一座奥林匹克的里程碑。 它是用中华民族精神镌刻、古老文明意蕴书写、华夏子孙品格铸就出的一首奥林匹克史诗中的经典华章。 它简洁而深刻，展示着一个城市的演进与发展。 它凝重而浪漫，体现着一个民族的思想与情怀。 在通往“北京2008”的路程上，人们将通过它相约北京、相聚中国、相识这里的人们。 “舞动的北京”是一方中国之印。
这方“中国印”镌刻着一个有着十三亿人口和五十六个民族的国家对于奥林匹克运动的誓言；见证着一个拥有古老文明和现代风范的民族对于奥林匹克精神的崇尚；呈现着一个面向未来的都市对奥林匹克理想的宿求。 它是诚信的象征，它是自信的展示，它是第二十九届奥林匹克运动会主办城市北京向全世界、全人类做出的庄严而又神圣的承诺。“精诚所至，金石为开”，这枚以先贤明言创意、以金石印章为形象的会徽，是中国人民对于奥林匹克的敬重与真诚。当我们郑重地印下这方“中国印”，就意味着2008年的中国北京将为全世界展现一幅“和平、友谊、进步”的壮美图画，将为全人类奏响“更高、更快、更强”的激情乐章。 “舞动的北京”是这个城市的面容。 它是一种形象，展现着中华汉字所呈现出的东方思想和民族气韵；它是一种表情，传递着华夏文明所独具的人文特质和优雅品格。 借中国书法之灵感，将北京的“京”字演化为舞动的人体，在挥毫间体现“新奥运”的理念。手书“北京2008”借汉字形态之神韵，将中国人对奥林匹克的千万种表达浓缩于简洁的笔划中。当人们品味镌刻于汉字中博大精深的内涵与韵味时，一个“新北京”诞生了。 “舞动的北京”是中国人崇尚的色彩。 在这个标志中，红色被演绎得格外强烈，激情被张扬得格外奔放。
创作与灵感
大创作来源于小的发现，小的发现有来源生活中的点点滴滴。如果做一个生活中的有心人，那么，你的发现会很多，获得的知识会无边无际 人在文学、艺术、科学、技术等活动中突然产生的富有创造性的思路，在文学艺术方面瞬间产生的新奇独特的念头。 以一定的文艺修养为背景，在长期的艺术实践中，已经积累了丰富的艺术素材，需要发挥的形式与手法是多种多样的，当人遇到某种特定的刺激和启发时，就很可能出现灵感。 为达到创作和演出的最佳效果，文艺界常常组织创作演职人员深入实地体验生活，因为这种方式不但能够直接体会到人物的真实生活情景，也最容易激发创作灵感，使作品尽善尽美。 创作灵感是非常宝贵的思维活动，需要善于捕捉，及时利用，否则它转瞬即逝，错过时机无法挽回。 创作灵感是一种普遍现象，从事并喜爱文学艺术的人或多或少都有过这种经历，词作家乔羽先生当年写《思念》歌词的时候，就是因为一只蝴蝶飞进室内盘旋而引发灵感，写出了脍炙人口的歌词，同样的例子数不胜数，说明创作灵感是一种随机的心理活动，常常是求之不得却又不请自来。似有玄机奥妙而又扑朔迷离。 单靠创作欲是无法成就一篇文章的，至少不是一篇好文章。创作时，总有江郎才尽的时候。此类现象也有另一个学名——瓶颈。 平时随时记录下偶发的灵感，那么在关键时刻或多或少可以捡些有用的放进那些缺东少西的文章里。所以说，一篇好文章也不过是一
盘佐料搭配得较好的色拉罢了。而一个作者之所以成功，在于他调配菜色的技术是否精湛。 那么，灵感又是什么？灵感是脑海中精光一闪，妙词佳句如山洪暴发般澎湃而出，一发不可收拾。灵感来时，双眼失去聚焦，因为大脑忙于思考而没空儿下达聚焦的指令；毛发根根倒立，灵感可以是一眨眼，一抬头，一哆嗦，甚至一个瞌睡。总之那一瞬间，你不是你，你是灵感的奴隶。 灵感也很微妙。看到什么，不代表一定会联想到什么。你可能坐在写字台前，面前摆着读了一半的书，手里捧着香浓的咖啡，眼睛盯着窗外绚丽的彩虹，心里想着厨房水槽里尚未清洗的碗碟。 你也可能走在喧闹的大街上，提着沉重的公文包，抹着脸上黏腻的汗水，闻着呛人的汽油味儿，脑海里突然冒出这么一句——无可奈何花落去，似曾相识雁归来……。 创作来自于生活中积累的灵感。
北京联合大学大学英语课程一课一练试卷(第二册Unit Six)(出题人：计晗)
北京联合大学大学英语课程一课一练试卷（第二册Unit Six）（出题人：计晗） Part I Writing (30 minutes) 注意：此部分试题清在答题卡1上作答。 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of studying abroad. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow: 1.现在越来越多的中国家长把孩子送到国外留学 2.出现这种现象的原因 3.这种现象可能带来的影响 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Stephen Hawking's medical condition Professor Stephen Hawking suffers from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the most common form of motor neurone （神经的）disease. What causes it? ALS, which accounts for more than 90% of all cases of motor neurone disease, causes nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord called motor neurones to degenerate and eventually die. These cells play an essential role in passing messages to the muscles. Without them the brain cannot control movement properly, and the muscles cease to work well. Around one in 10 cases of ALS are thought to be due to genetics, but the trigger for the other 90% of cases remains a mystery. It is estimated that 3,500 people in the UK have ALS. What are the symptoms? As more and more motor neurones are lost, the muscles - particularly in the limbs - begin to waste. Early symptoms include tripping up when walking, or dropping things. Twitching and "cramping" of the muscles is also common, especially in the hands and feet. In the more advanced stages, people often have difficulty speaking, swallowing or breathing and experience paralysis. Death is usually caused by a failure of the respiratory muscles. What is the prognosis? Poor. The average life expectancy for somebody with ALS is just two to five years from the time symptoms first appear. Half of patients die within 14 months of their diagnosis. Mel Barry, of the Motor Neurone Disease Association, said: "ALS is quite a complicated and mysterious disease, and often by the time a diagnosis is made people have had symptoms for up to a year." However, not all people with ALS have the same symptoms, and the rate of progression of the disease can vary greatly Professor Hawking first developed the disease when he was just 21 years old, and has lived with it for more than 40 years. The fact that he has lived for long with the condition has been described as remarkable. It is estimated that only about 5% of people with ALS survive for more than 10 years. Ms Barry said: "The fact that Professor Hawking has survived for so long is very, very unusual." Is there any treatment? Only one drug - Rilutek - is licensed as a treatment for ALS. The drug works by blocking release of a key chemical called glutamate by the central nervous system, but its effect is limited, extending survival by three to six months. Trials are currently taking place using another drug, lithium, which has produced promising results in mice, but work is still at an early stage. Most other treatment is simply palliative, attempting to minimize the effect of the disease. This can include ventilation systems to help with breathing, feeding tubes if swallowing is a problem and muscle relaxants for muscle cramping. How was Professor Hawking diagnosed? On his website, Professor Hawking says that he tries to live as normal a life as possible, and not to think about his condition. He said his diagnosis came as a great shock. He had been physically uncoordinated as a child, but had taken up rowing when he went to Oxford. "In my third year at Oxford, however, I noticed that I seemed to be getting more clumsy, and I fell over once or twice for no apparent reason. "But it was not until I was at Cambridge, in the following year, that my father noticed and took me to the family doctor. "He referred me to a specialist and shortly after my 21st birthday I went into hospital for tests." What course has his condition taken? Professor Hawking was able to feed himself and get in and out of bed until 1974. Until that point he and his wife were able to manage without outside help, but then had to rely on live-in help from one of his research students. In 1980, he changed to a system of community and private nurses, who came in for an hour or two in the morning and evening. This lasted until he caught pneumonia in 1985, and had to have a tracheotomy operation. After this, he needed 24-hour nursing care. Before the operation, his speech had been getting more slurred, so that only a few people who knew him well could understand him. However, he could communicate. He wrote scientific papers by dictating to a secretary, and gave seminars through an interpreter. The tracheotomy operation removed his ability to speak altogether, and he had to rely on a small portable computer and a speech synthesizer fitted to his wheel chair. (750 words) 注意：此部分试题清在答题卡1上作答。 1.Motor neurones refer to _________. A. nerve cells in human body B. cancer cells in the brain and spinal cord C. nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord D. immune cells in the body
关于奥运的作文：迎接2008年北京奥运会
关于奥运的作文：迎接2008年北京奥运会 摘要：2008年北京奥运会一定会多么美好，科技也会更加发达，成为“科 技奥运”。不论是在世界任何一个角落，每个人拥有的设备都可以随时随地收 到信息或查询奥运的情况，大家甚至可以和奥运会的运动健将交流，这样不是 很好吗？真期盼有这一天的到来啊。奥运一顶会使全中国，人民变得美好起来！…… 2004年雅典奥运会已经画上了“圆满”的句号.2008年奥运五环旗将会在 北京升起.现在让我们一起为迎接北京奥运会倒计时. 让我们先回顾2004年雅典奥运会.圣火再次在奥运起源点燃，奥林匹克又 回到家乡了。在运动会上没一为运动员都表现得很出色，他们那种为国争光， 拼博的精神深深得令我折服。最令我难忘的是奥运会女子自由体操全能比赛中，霍尔金娜的一套完美无瑕的体操实在令我不由地佩服，大家都赞不绝口。遗憾 的是，还有一些国家为了取得金牌而不择手段。他们让运动员服用兴奋剂等一 些事例。他们这样品德如此恶劣的人又有什么资格来参加这神圣的比赛呢？看 到这里，我感到十分不满，打心底鄙视他们． 因此我希望北京奥运会上不再发生这样的事情.2008年将会更具有公正性、公平性、公开性和客观性。为了办好这次奥运会，我国的领导人员不知花费了 多少精力和财力。运动员更是努力得苦练着，为了祖国取得更多的金牌，他们 真的付出了许多许多啊！难道我不被这种精神身身折服吗？ 2008年北京奥运会一定会多么美好，科技也会更加发达，成为“科技奥运”。不论是在世界任何一个角落，每个人拥有的设备都可以随时随地收到信 息或查询奥运的情况，大家甚至可以和奥运会的运动健将交流，这样不是很好吗？真期盼有这一天的到来啊。奥运一顶会使全中国，人民变得美好起来！ 2008年是个吉祥的.历届奥运会吉祥物都以富有火力的独特形象受到人们 喜爱.吉祥物是传播和体现奥运会理念的重要形象裁体，为世界所关注.现有不 少人参与设计2008年奥运会的吉祥物.有威猛的老虎，有纯结的水晶，有富有 中国文化的中过结等.我十分期待赶快能看到聪明伟大的中国人设计的奥运吉祥物. 说到迎接2008年奥运会，还有中国大众汽车集团在北京举办了名为“大众一心，鼎力北京奥运＂的活动，这次活动非常有意义．出席活动的有中国体育 代表团六朝元老王义夫、张怡宁、王楠等，这不是很隆重吗？为了迎接北京奥 运会当然要隆重啊！２００８年北京奥运会是非常受人注目！ 我是个热爱体育的小女孩．我特别崇拜刘翔．因为他为中国争到了有史来 短跑跨拦的第一面金牌，这是一件使全世界轰动的事，很多国家都对我们中国 刮目相看．也是中国值得喜庆的事啊！我一定会以刘翔为榜样，像他那样勤奋 得苦练，付出汗水和代价，这样才会获得成功！我为中国有这样的运动员而感 到骄傲！虽然我不能在运动场与运动员一起奋斗，但我希望自己能做一位奥运
2008奥运会吉祥物
2008奥运会吉祥物 这一刻‘我为中国欢呼;为2008奥运欢呼；这一刻：全中国人民的心一齐欢跃起来；这一刻"是2008奥运吉祥物的揭幕式！ 每一个人的目光聚焦在这：每个人为它们欢呼！！它们?是08奥运会的吉祥物，它们‘是福娃'五个可爱的小精灵‘五个团结的小伙伴，五个奥林匹克环? 这五个吉祥物“是北京奥运会主办协会精挑细选的" 他们的造型融入了鱼”大熊猫’藏羚羊;燕子以及奥林匹克圣火的形象; 福娃贝贝”贝贝传递的祝福是繁荣，在中国传统文化艺术中“'鱼,和'水、的图案是繁荣与收获的象征’人们用”鲤鱼跳龙门。寓意事业有成和梦想的实现、：鱼“还有吉庆有余，年年有余的蕴涵" 贝贝的头部纹饰使用了中国新石器时代的鱼纹图案;贝贝温柔纯洁。是水上运动的高手’和奥林匹克五环中的蓝环相互辉映? 福娃晶晶"晶晶是一只憨态可掬的大熊猫?无论走到哪里都会带给人们欢乐?作为中国国宝?大熊猫深得世界人民的喜爱“ 晶晶来自广袤的森林'象征着人与自然的和谐共存/他的头部纹饰源自宋瓷上的莲花瓣造型"晶晶憨厚乐观”充满力量’代表奥林匹克五环中黑色的一环， 福娃欢欢，欢欢是福娃中的大哥哥?他是一个火娃娃，象征奥林匹克圣火;欢欢是运动激情的化身、他将激情散播世界”传递更快‘更高”更强的奥林匹克精神’欢欢所到之处“洋溢着北京2008对世界的热情、 欢欢的头部纹饰源自敦煌壁画中火焰的纹样：他性格外向奔放'熟稔各项球类运动：代表奥林匹克五环中红色的一环、 福娃迎迎?迎迎是一只机敏灵活：驰骋如飞的藏羚羊。他来自中国辽阔的西部大地,将健康的美好祝福传向世界‘迎迎是青藏高原特有的保护动物藏羚羊，是绿色奥运的展现、迎迎的头部纹饰融入了青藏高原和新疆等西部地区的装饰风格?他身手敏捷'是田径好手/代表奥林匹克五环中黄色的一环/ 福娃妮妮"妮妮来自天空，是一只展翅飞翔的燕子”其造型创意来自北京传统的沙燕风筝、?燕/还代表燕京（古代北京的称谓）'妮妮把春天和喜悦带给人们"飞过之处播撒"祝您好运‘的美好祝福/ 天真无邪‘欢快矫捷的妮妮将在体操比赛中闪亮登场;她代表奥林匹克五环中绿色的一环? 北京奥运会吉祥物的每个娃娃都代表着一个美好的祝愿”繁荣、欢乐：激情”健康与好运。娃娃们带着北京的盛情/将祝福带往世界各个角落"每个娃娃都有一个琅琅上口的名字:’贝贝。'/晶晶。“：欢欢"”“迎迎、和“妮妮"?在中国"叠音名字是对孩子表达喜爱的一种传统方式‘当把五个娃娃的名字连在一起”你会读出北京对世界的盛情邀请"北京欢迎你,'欢庆2008奥运盛典、 是的“OneWorldOneDream--同一个世界同一个梦想！！ 预祝2008年奥运会圆满成功！！
2008年北京奥运会感人事迹
北京奥运会的感人事迹优秀范文1 北京奥运会的开幕式令世界震撼，无与伦比的开幕式令世人难忘而接下来的奥运年比赛充满着感动。 (1)挑战自我 奥运会的宗旨是更快，更高，更强。挑战自我，超越自我是每个运动员的梦想，四年一届的奥运会是他们展现自己的舞台，更是他们超越自我的机会。美国游泳名将菲尔普斯5次参赛，打破5项世界纪录。中国举重名将刘春红打破自己保持的世界纪录。他们挑战自我，挑战极限。 (2)追求和平 根据古代奥林匹克的精神，奥运会期间杜绝任何战争的出现，但可惜的是在本届奥运会中，格鲁吉亚与俄罗斯就南奥塞梯问题交火，人们在关注奥运的同时对战争也关注起来。然而这并不影响运动员的参赛，在25米气手枪的领奖台上，当铜银牌获得者俄罗斯选手与格鲁吉亚选手拥抱在一起，共同呼吁不要战争时，人们看到奥林匹克追求和平的真谛。 (3)重在参与 每个项目只有一枚金牌三枚奖牌，参与其中的运动员少则数十人，多则数百人，不可能人人都会获得奖牌，总有人与之相错无缘奖牌。得到奖牌固然高兴，无缘奖牌也不必自责，只要尽力，只要陈站在奥运的舞台上就足以令人自豪。中国男篮第一场与实力强大的美国梦之队对阵，虽然以31分的巨大分差败北，但男篮所表现出的努力拼搏的精神令人感动，虽败尤荣。即使他们拿不到好的名次，我们一样可以接受，毕竟他们打出了自己的气势，自己的精神，充分展示了自己，这样已经足够，又是失败一样可以令人感动。 奥运盛事，世人瞩目。在观看奥运赛事的过程中，处处充满着感动，每一块金牌的价值，不是简单的金玉可以衡量的，那是一种荣誉，一种象征。奥运的大舞台是运动健儿比拼的舞台，更是我们收获感动的源泉。在奥运中收获感动，在感动中感悟奥运，一路观看着，一路感动着。 北京奥运会的感人事迹优秀范文2 奥运会已经结束了,但那一个个精彩,惊心动魄的画面留给我的记忆是深刻的.奥运健儿们勇于拼搏不折不挠的精神更是震撼了我.
第三版《大学英语 》1 一课一练 Unit 5 - 答案和听力材料
大学英语课程（外教社版）一课一练试卷（精读-一级）Unit 5 答案 Part I Writing (30 minutes) How to be a successful writer Some people believe that a writer is born but not taught. A writer should have certain gift or talent since his or her childhood. People can not be taught in school or college to be a good writer. However, other people have the opinion that being a writer doesn’t require much talent or gift. What is required is to put your heart on it and work hard toward it. You should write with honesty and emotion, in a whole-hearted way about what you truly believe instead of making up story to cheat the readers. As far as writing is concerned, I believe that writing right does require a little talent and certain knowledge of writing. Besides, diligence and devotion are dispensable part of being a good writer. Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) 1-7 CDAABCD 8. main attraction 9. wandering 10. expensive Part III Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) 11-15 CABBC 16-21BAB CBC 22. matter 23.check 24.brown 25.traffic Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) 26-35 DCBAE, FGHOL 36-45 CBBCD DACAD Part V Cloze (15 minutes) 46-55. C A D B C, D A B C D 56-65. A B C A D, B C D A C Part VI Translation (5 minutes) 66. To his great disappointment 67. a tiring day 68. The excited children 69. To her surprise 70. embarrassing moment
浅谈舞蹈创作灵感的来源
浅谈舞蹈创作灵感的来源 作为重要的肢体语言表现形式，舞蹈的创作需要灵感。所以，如何获得灵感是每一名舞蹈创作者需要面对的问题，同时也是困扰无数舞蹈编创者的问题。而明确舞蹈灵感的来源，才能够及时抓住创作灵感，从而使舞蹈作品具有一定的创作深度。在此基础上，进一步完成灵感的加工，才能够创作出能够引起观赏者共鸣的舞蹈作品。 一、舞蹈灵感来源于积累 从本质上来讲，灵感是发生在脑做工的过程中的。而大脑的思考需要大量的信息材料，所以灵感的获取也需要以大量信息为基础。因此，灵感可以说是金字塔的塔顶，而组成金字塔的每一块石头则是人的知识和信息。在生活中，每一个舞蹈艺术家都需要一年、两年甚至多年的时间才能完成一个作品的创作，而这些时间主要都用于进行大量知识信息的积累。在创作舞蹈之前，舞蹈家们都需要准备充足的舞蹈素材，而这些素材则相当于是输入大脑的客观信息。除了做好素材的准备，舞蹈的创作还要扎实的舞蹈技术技能。而这里的技能不单单指动作技能，同时也包含思维技能。所谓的思维技能，其实就是大脑带有专业性语言符号的思维方式，以确保舞蹈创作的专业性。由于灵感本身就是大脑思维的一部分，所以其与技能技术有着密切的联系。此外，舞蹈灵感的来源也并非是漫无边际的想象，其需要舞蹈创作者围绕着专业的编舞范围进行选择。所以，舞蹈灵感将与知识信息量成正比，只有积累大量的知识信息，才能帮助舞蹈艺术家获得更多的灵感。 二、舞蹈灵感来源于激励 从以往的经验可以得知，舞蹈灵感往往来源于一瞬间。之所以会是这种感觉，就是因为艺术家在这一刻得到了激励。如果将灵感比作是流水，激励就是阻挡流水前进的阀门的开关。通过激励，才能使灵感的阀门被打开，从而使舞蹈的创作灵感源源不断。在舞蹈创作的过程中，创作者也会因为激发而进入临场状态。此时，创作者的大脑将始终保持兴奋，从而为创作者提供灵感。所以在进行舞蹈创作时，创作者需要找到激励阀，才能够产生强烈的创作欲望。而想要使自己能够得到不断激励，创作者可以采取多种灵感激发方式。首先，舞蹈创作可以模仿为基石，而实现模仿-创新-再模仿-再创新的反复循环，就能够使灵感得到激发。其次，很多舞蹈创作者都习惯采取仿生激发方式，即通过模仿动植物的本能、色彩和功能寻求灵感。比如陈惠芬的《藏羚羊》等作品，都是采取该种方法获得的灵感。再者，舞蹈艺术家也常常采取否定式激发方式，即遵循正确-错误-正确的科学发展规律寻求灵感。所以，很多舞蹈编创者在经历比赛失败后，往往能从中获得灵感，并且完成作品的成功创作。 三、舞蹈灵感来源于酝酿 实际上，舞蹈创作灵感是深藏于艺术家脑海中的，只有经过长时间酝酿才能被创作者察觉。多数情况下，创作者会先后获得多个灵感，所以灵感会因为较难
论艺术创作中的灵感
论艺术创作中的灵感 灵感源于生活，这句话，已被千千万万人传诵，灵感不仅仅来源于生活，它还渗透到各个方面。首先从生活开始。 画家必须深入生活，随时留心观察自然景色、周围环境、各阶层人物、各民族风情、各种建筑、社会现象、特别是人情世故、风俗习惯、历史渊源等。将这些观察、感受、分析、研究的信息储存在脑海中，形成许多艺术显现，成为日后创作的积淀。伴随着创作思路，逐渐从已有的积累中迅速地搜索出有关信息，并将其范围逐渐缩小，向创作思维靠拢、逼近、诱出若干思想火花，当突然爆发出一个偶然的奇想时，点燃了整个思路而突然贯通，形成灵感。这就是灵感产生的过程，生活中看到的景物，有的当时没有引起我的注意，有的是一时没悟出合适的表现形式。在冥思苦想进行创作的构思时，这些潜藏在脑海深处的东西，在翻阅速写的偶然启示下，会突然爆发出来。如果创作时没有真实甘受，就应该放下画笔去感受生活，等充实后再回到画架前。生活是艺术的源泉，也是灵感的源泉，一切灵感都是生活经验的产物。所以说生活的积累是产生灵感的基础源泉。 灵感源于文化底蕴：艺术各门类是相通的、交叉的、互动的，文学、诗歌、绘画、音乐、雕塑、舞蹈、建筑都有相互融通和渗透的界面。文学的美和境界有助于提高绘画的品味。诗歌与绘画更是关系密切。唐代大诗人、画家王维的作品既是诗中有画，画中有诗。音乐中的标题音乐如贝多芬的田园交响乐既是音画，以音乐语言表现田园风光。雕塑的表现手法也与绘画有许多相通之处。舞蹈也是一种造型艺术，生动绚丽的舞姿是绘画的丰富素材。叶浅予的画表现舞姿最为传神。建筑艺术中的对称、高耸、曲线、直线的协调、凝重、流畅等要素对绘画都有借鉴价值。作为一个画家，要对文学、诗歌、音乐、舞蹈、建筑等学科都要涉猎，加深研究以拓宽自身的文化底蕴。 灵感源于勤奋：灵感只是创造性活动中认识的飞跃和升华，他只是提供了解决问题，取得成功的契机，起到催化的作用，并不能代替整个创作过程，还需要付出创造性的劳动，画家的成长必须经过艰苦的学艺过程。齐白石画鱼虾经常每日观察鱼虾的动态。刘海粟曾遍游国内名山大川，在自然环境下作画，年逾九十仍上黄山。通过长期观察、临摹、体验、耳濡目染，自然而然地掌握画法的奥秘，达到浑然天成，出手不凡。无论走到哪里我都喜欢手拿一个速写本，记录自己喜欢的人与物，在创作时也多了很多素材和灵感。俄国大画家列宾写到：“灵感是对艰苦劳动的奖赏”。柴可夫斯基也说过：“灵感是这样的一个客人，他不爱拜访懒惰者”。所以没有勤奋就难以产生创作灵感。 灵感源于独立思考：画家的作品所表现的是自己独特的思路、见识、表达和感受，是具有个性的产物。因此，不能止于摹仿名家、名作。要从大家的作品中吸取营养，经过消化吸收，依自身的人生观和艺术感触来进行创作，独立思考才能触发灵感。深藏的苦难岁月刻记跃然画上，是源于画家对生活的深切感受和想象的迸发，突出其个性；是源于心灵的再创作；是思想、理念、观察和情感结合后的升华；是超越自然物表层向提炼出来的更高层次的情感倾诉。 灵感源于个性：“个性，从广义讲是一个人区别于他人的稳定的、独特的、整体的特性。”它包括一个人的性格、气质和能力等。画家的个性不同，他们对生活的兴趣、关注点也不同，对生活的感受、心理体验也不同，所表达的思想、情感也不一样，灵感的形成和产生也有很大差异。绘画创作灵感的激发和降临，因人而异，因个性不同而有别。一些画家在创作实践中，形成了一些独具个性的、
第三版《大学英语》1一课一练unit4
北京联合大学大学英语课程（上外教版）一课一练试卷（Unit Four,Book One）（注：尽量采用练习册里面的题目和知识点） Part I Writing (30 minutes) 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。 Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Internet. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below: 1、互联网使用的现状; 2、大学生是否应该使用互联网，人们的看法不同; 3、我的看法。 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 A New Toy I was eight years old when our neighbors across the hall got a television. It was very small and very expensive, but that didn’t matter. IT WAS WONDERFUL. Everyone in the building came up to the fifth floor to see this latest wonder of the modern world. Some people, the lucky ones, stayed for a while and got to watch a whole grogram. That was in 1948. Soon a lot of people got new televisions, but not us. My parents didn’t like television. They didn’t think it was good for children. Being a good docile son, I didn’t argue with them. But I did secretly watch television –at my friends’ homes. By 1955 televisions weren’t so expensive and they were much larger. My parents still thought television wasn’t good for us, but my sisters insisted. They said we were the only people in the neighborhood who didn’t have one. All their friends talked about certain programs and actors,