托福阅读句子简化题真题分析
托福阅读句子简化题真题分析
在学会确定句子简化题（简称“句简题”）的核心信息后，我们来做一道来自TPO 31的句简题。题目如下：
Graves drew two conclusions from these observations. First, at least some of the observed differences between the enzymes of the Atlantic and Pacific fish populations were not random but were the result of evolutionary adaptation. Second, it appears that closely related populations of fishes on both sides of the isthmus are starting to genetically diverge from each other. Because Graves’s study of geographically isolated populations of isthmus fishes offers a glimpse of the beginning of a process of gradual accumulation of mutations that are neutral or adaptive, divergences here might be evidence of allopatric speciation in process.
Q12 Which of the sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A.Graves’s study provides evidence that isthmus fishes are in the process of becoming geographically isolated.
B.Graves’s study of mutating isthmus fishes yields results that differ from results of other studies involving allopatric speciation.
C.Graves’s study of isolated populations of isthmus fishes provides some evidence that allopatric speciation might be beginning.
D.Graves’s study indicates that when isolated, populations of isthmus fishes register neutral or adaptive mutations.
1. 首先确定句子核心信息
Because Graves’s study of geographically isolated populations of isthmus fishes offers a glimpse of the beginning of a process of gradual accumulation of mutations that are neutral or adaptive, 【divergences here might be evidence of allopatric speciation in process.】
词汇：
A glimpse of 看见，瞥见
Mutation 突变，变种
Divergence 变化，变异
Allopatric speciation 异地物种形成
2. 理解大意
该句是由because引导的原因状语从句和方括号内的主句组成的嵌套句，从句的主谓宾已用绿色字体标出，大意为：因为G的研究让人们看到了突变的逐渐累积过程的开始，所以这里的变异可能是正在进行中的异地物种形成的证据。也即是说：G的研究为异地物种形成提供了证据。
3. 核对选项
A．Graves’s study provides evidence that isthmus fishes are in the process of becoming geographically isolated.
A选项主句信息缺失
B．G raves’s study of mutating isthmus fishes yields results that differ from results of other studies involving allopatric speciation.
B选项提到“不同”，而原句未提及
C．G raves’s study of isolated populations of isthmus fishes provides some evidence that allopatric speciation might be beginning.
C选项说到G关于鱼的研究为异地物种形成的开始提供了证据，与之前分析的大意一致
D．Graves’s study indicates that when isolated, populations of isthmus fishes register neutral or adaptive mutations.
D选项主句信息缺失
所以该题正确答案为C。
托福阅读句子简化题真题分析
托福阅读句子简化题真题分析 在学会确定句子简化题（简称“句简题”）的核心信息后，我们来做一道来做好人力资源，企业无忧 自TPO 31的句简题。题目如下： Graves drew two conclusions from these observations. First, at least some of the observed differences between the enzymes of the Atlantic and Pacific fish populations were not random but were the result of evolutionary adaptation. Second, it appears that closely related populations of fishes on both sides of the isthmus are starting to genetically diverge from each other. Because Graves’s study of geographically isolated populations of isthmus fishes offers a glimpse of the beginning of a process of gradual accumulation of mutations that are neutral or adaptive, divergences here might be evidence of allopatric speciation in process. Q12 Which of the sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. A.Graves’s study provides evidence that isthmus fishes are in the process of becoming geographically isolated. B.Graves’s study of mutating isthmus fishes yields results that differ from results of other studies involving allopatric speciation. C.Graves’s study of isolated populations of isthmus fishes provides some evidence that allopatric speciation might be beginning. D.Graves’s study indicates that when isolated, populations of isthmus fishes register neutral or adaptive mutations. 1. 首先确定句子核心信息 Because Graves’s study of geographically isolated populations of isthmus fishes offers a glimpse of the beginning of a process of gradual accumulation of mutations that are neutral or adaptive, 【divergences here might be evidence of allopatric speciation in process.】 词汇： A glimpse of 看见，瞥见 Mutation 突变，变种 Divergence 变化，变异 Allopatric speciation 异地物种形成 2. 理解大意 该句是由because引导的原因状语从句和方括号内的主句组成的嵌套句，从句的主谓宾已用绿色字体标出，大意为：因为G的研究让人们看到了突变的逐渐 1
托福阅读题型解析之这三类错题原本可以避免
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句子简化题的正确做法是利用逻辑解题。使用这种方式不容易出错，因为这种解题方法是从题型考察目的得来的。步骤是：首先看到句子之后的第一个反应是找句子内部的逻辑关系。常见的逻辑关系有两种转折或者因果。举例来说，若原句有转折的逻辑关系，第一步需要做的事情是排掉选项中逻辑关系不对的即不是表示转折的，若选项中还有两个以上逻辑关系都相符合，那么采用的原则是逻辑成分的对应。托福阅读*技巧：这是第一步有逻辑关系的时候采用的方法;如果原句中没有明显的逻辑关系需要采用第二步--提取原句中的主干信息，排掉选项中主干信息不符的选项。 托福阅读题型解析二词汇题 形成原因： 这是托福阅读考试当是出场率较高的一类题型，这种题型的易错原因主要是因为词汇量不足、忽略词汇语境的作用导致的。 分析及解决方法： 对于托福阅读考试当中出现频率较高的题型——词汇题，大部分原因是因为考生的词汇的不足，造成词汇不熟悉或者被选项词给难住了。考生需要知道的是，托福阅读考试词汇题一般考察的是英语六级以上的词汇水平，要想这类题型不出错，那么你的词汇基础就一定要打好。
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A.Surface tension is not strong enough to retain drops of water in rocks with large pores but it strong enough to hold on to thin films of water in rocks with small pores. B.Water in rocks is held in place by large pores and drains away from small size pores through surface tension. C.Small pores and large pores both interact with surface tension to determine whether a rock will hold water as heavy drops or as a thin film. D.If the force of surface tension is too weak to hold water in place as heavy drops, the water will continue to be held firmly in place as a thin film when large pores exist. 解题： 1看原句是否有逻辑关系，初步浏览了一下，看到了but这个表转折的连接词，这是一个有逻辑关系的句子。 2 看选项，找到表转折的连接词，只有A选项符合。 原句的大意是： 如果孔很大，那么里面的水就大如水滴，表面的张力不能将其托住，里面的水很快就会流尽;但是如果孔足够小，孔里的水
句子简化题 专项
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托福阅读精选45句长难句翻译
精选45句托福阅读长难句翻译及词汇注释 （涵盖部分句子简化题翻译） 1.The same thing happens to this day, though on a smaller scale, wherever a sediment（沉积物）-laden（装满的）river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing（沉积）the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope（斜面）. 虽然是较为小型的，但类似的事情也在当下发生，无论什么地方的、大量携带沉积物的河水或溪流从山谷中流至较为平坦的地带，都会随着流速的减慢会沉淀下它的携带物。 河流通常以扇形蔓延，使沉积物以一种平滑的扇形斜面的形式沉积。 2.In lowland country almost any spot on the ground may overlie（躺在某上） what was once the bed of a river that has since become buried by soil; if they ar e now below the water’s upper surface (the water table), the gravels （石子，砂砾）and sands of the former riverbed, and its sandbars（沙洲，堤坝）, will be saturated（浸湿）with groundwater. 在地势较低的城市里，地面上几乎所有曾是河床的地方都被土壤掩埋。如果曾是河床的地方现在处于河流（的上表面）之下，旧时河床的石砾、沙子和沙洲就会被地表水浸湿。 3.But note that porosity（孔隙度）is not the same as permeability（渗透率）, which measures the ease with which water can flow through a material; this depends on the sizes of the individual cavities（腔，洞）and the crevices （裂缝，缺口）linking them. 但是要注意的在测量水可以从一种材料间通过的轻松程度的时候，孔隙度并不等同于渗透率。这个要依材料中每个独立的洞和裂缝的大小而定。 4.If the pores（毛孔，气孔）are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain（使液体流走）away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films（薄膜）, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held. 如果气孔很大，其内部的水分会以滴的形式存在，水分会由于过重、不能被表面张力持住而流走。反之，如果气孔很小，其内部的水分会以薄膜的形式存在，水分太轻以至于不能克服固定它们的表面张力，因此水分就会被以膜的形式保留。 5.But the myths that have grown up around the rites（隆重的仪式或典礼）may continue as part of the group’s oral（口头的; 口述的）tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced（分离）from these rites.
新托福阅读句子简化解题方法探析
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Reflect; demonstrate; suggest 4）考虑到/依赖于（因→果） Reason; considering; in view of; thanks to; rely on; depend on; according to; resort to 例题： The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected， as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process. 10. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage？ Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. ○ Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people. ○ Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land. ○ The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort. ○ Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is redu ced in the vast areas affected. 解题步骤： 1.观察阴影部分句子，发现表隐性因果的短语result from 2.浏览选项，发现A和B选项含有因果关系 3.分析原句： 原句中“因”： ？大量受到影响的土地vast areas of land
托福阅读TPO27句子简化题分析——题1
Crafts in the Ancient Near East Paragraph 1 Some of the earliest human civilizations arose in southern Mesopotamia, in what is now southern Iraq, in the fourth millennium B.C.E. In the second half of that millennium, in the south around the city of Uruk, there was an enormous escalation in the area occupied by permanent settlements. A large part of that increase took place in Uruk itself, which became a real urban center surrounded by a set of secondary settlements. While population estimates are notoriously unreliable, scholars assume that Uruk inhabitants were able to support themselves from the agricultural production of the field surrounding the city, which could be reached with a daily commute. But Uruk’s dominant size in the entire region, far surpassing that of other settlements, indicates that it was a regional center and a true city. Indeed, it was the first city in human history. Q1 Which of the sentences below best express the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. A.Although scholars cannot accurately determine the size of the Uruk population, they know the citizens were not dependent on agriculture. B.Scholars do not have enough evidence to determine whether the agricultural areas just outside of Uruk were large enough to feed the city’s population C.Because city populations cannot feed themselves, scholars think the surrounding farms provided food for the people in Uruk D.Scholars believe that the inhabitants of Uruk were able to support themselves from produce grown in field surrounding the city. 确定句子核心信息 While population estimates are notoriously unreliable, scholars assume that Uruk inhabitants were able to support themselves from the agricultural production of the field surrounding the city, which could be reached with a daily commute. 分析：本句是由while引导的让步状语从句（注：while出现在句中引导对比对照关系的状语从句；如出现在句首则引导让步关系的状语从句，）+主句scholars assume that…the city组成一个虽然…但是…的大结构。主句句末有一个which引导的非限定性定语从句，该从句意图在于对前面意义完整的主句进行补充说明。所以该句最核心的意思就是句中标红的部分。
托福阅读难点题型解题思路实例分析
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as well as from thegreat difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process. A Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects largeareas of land and great numbers of people. B Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread overlarge areas of land. C The spread of deserts is considered a very seriousproblem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countriesare involved in the effort. D Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless thepopulation is reduced in the vast areas affected. 很多托福考生在做句子简化题时，习惯性地把待简化的句子翻译成中文，那样做其实不仅慢，而且很容易乱。 正确的做法是： 1.找出句子的主谓宾，也就是谁做了什么，然后关注句子的逻辑关系。例题的主语是：seriousness of desertification，逻辑关系词是表示原因的：result from，所以我们可以优先看有表示原因的选项，他们中若有正确答案，那么剩下的选项就无需过问了。
托福句子简化题难题汇总
OG Applied Arts and Fine Arts 因果 Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits. ○Functional applied-art objects cannot vary much from the basic patterns determined by the laws of physics. ○The function of applied-art objects is determined by basic patterns in the laws of physics. ○Since functional applied-art objects vary only within certain limits, arbitrary decisions cannot have determined their general form. ○The general form of applied-art objects is limited by some arbitrary decision that is not determined by the laws of physics. The Origins of Cetaceans 让步 of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways ○Even though Ambulocetus swam by moving its body up and down, it did not have a backbone. ○The backbone of Ambulocetus, which allowed it to swim, provides evidence of its missing fluke.
2020年12月12日托福阅读真题
2020年12月12日托福阅读真题 12月12日托福阅读第一篇 主要内容：讲learning standard test set，就是如何测试不同种类动物的intelligence。 不同物种的智商不一样。人们很想知道动物的智商和人类有什么 不同，遇事通过动物学习水平来检测。 前三段都是讲的这个test是怎么操作的。最先举的例子好像是猴子和什么，做的对比实验。第一次让它从三角形和长方形里选，选三 角形就给奖励，选正方形就不给;第二次从圆形和多边形里选，依旧是选圆形给奖励，选择多边形不给。后面持续变化通过大量实验来看这 种动物的improvements，就比如这种动物在实行第几十次测试时准确率增加了多少。一种猴子经过了三十次测试准确率就达到百分之九十了，然后这个测试的结果表明智商高的动物大脑也大。于是大家都觉 得能够参考。 后面三段都在反驳这个方法不可取。又举了一个澳大利亚的mouse like的动物的例子，同样做类似上面的实验，第一次区分ab第二次区分黑白。这种动物大脑很小但是测试结果很高，是因为他们生活在wide open areas，很容易被捕食者发现，他们要避免天地还要抓很敏捷的昆虫做实物，所以这方面水平很强。然后这里有个句子简化题， 大意是说动物的process different，不能说明学习水平，也不能用之前的实验来测试。然后还说了海豚虽然做这个实验成绩很低，但是如 果把visual的图形换成auditory的声音就会很好，所欲这个实验不 可取是因为首先实验produce中很小的difference都会造成result 的很大不同，而且这些difference都是不可避免的。其次，对某些动物不适用。 12月12日托福阅读第二篇 主要内容：中世纪欧洲政府的变革。
托福阅读句子简化题应对技巧3个实例精讲
托福阅读句子简化题应对技巧3个实 例精讲 常有同学觉得托福阅读中的句子简化题难做，几个选项看着都差不多实在区分不出其中的差别。今天给大家带来了托福阅读句子简化题应对技巧3个实例精讲,希望能够帮助到大家在托福考试中拿高分，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 【题型思路】托福阅读句子简化题应对技巧3个实例精讲托福阅读句子简化题解题思路实例分析 例1 [结果]These plants are termed opportunists because [原因]they rely on their seeds’ falling into settings where competing plants have been removed by natural processes, such as along an eroding riverbank, on landslips, or where a tree falls and creates a gap in the forest canopy. A. Because [原因]their seeds grow in places where competing plants are no longer present, [结果]dandelions are classified as opportunists.
B. [结果]Dandelions are called opportunists because [原 因]they contribute to the natural processes of erosion and the creation of gaps in the forest canopy. C. The term opportunists apply to plants whose seeds fall in places where they can compete with the seeds of other plants. D. The term opportunists apply to plants whose falling seeds are removed by natural processes. 你发现原句中有个because，就知道这句话是在解释，必定有因有果。我们先去找因和果。结果是这些植物被称为机会主义者，原因是它们依赖种子掉进一个环境，后面说这个环境里竞争性的植物已经被移除了，即没有竞争性的环境。对句子稍做整理后变成，因为它们依赖自己的种子掉进一个没有竞争性的环境，所以这些植物被称为机会主义者。 有同学会问，后面的such as要怎么处理。一般我们有个原则，在句子当中如果是补充的信息，那很重要;如果是重复的信息，应该是不重要的。所以看such as只要明白一点，它到底给前面的什么内容举例。看例子的内容，会发现说的都是地方，说明是给setting举例，那么就可以把它放在一边。 于是，我们明白作者原句的意图是在解释有因果的关系，那么四个选项中正确的答案必定在逻辑关系和讲话的意图上和原
【TPO小站】托福阅读分类题型练习
托福阅读分类题型练习
TOEFL阅读讲义 1. 句子简化题 The Great Red Spot One distinctive feature of the planet Jupiter is the Great Red Spot, a massive oval of swirling reddish-brown clouds. Were Earth to be juxtaposed with the Great Red Spot, our planet would be dwarfed in comparison, with a diameter less than half that of the Great Red Spot. The Spot’s clouds, most likely tinted red as a result of the phosphorus that they contain, circulate in a counterclockwise direction. The outer winds require six Earth days to complete the circumference of the Great Red Spot, a length of time indicative of vastness of the Great Red Spot. 1. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. A. The density of the Great Red spot is much higher than that the Earth. B. If the diameter of the Great Red Spot were doubled, it would equal that of the Earth. C. By placing the Earth next to the Great Red Spot, one could see the Earth has a much smaller diameter. D. Because the Earth is close to the Great Red Spot, Earth is influenced by its huge size. 答案：C 2.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. A. The Earth’s outer winds move a distance equal to the circumference of the Great Red Spot. B. The outer winds of the Great Red Spot move more quickly than do those on Earth. C. The Winds moving across the Great Red Spot finally change direction every six Earth days. D. The fact that the winds take so long to move around the Great Red Spot proves how big it is. 答案：D
托福阅读解答简化题的几个方法技巧
托福阅读解答简化题的几个方法技巧 摘要：托福阅读由于篇幅较长的文章和各种题型的存在一直为难着大家，其实托福阅读题型还是比较固定的，如果能掌握一些做提的新托福阅读技巧那么对于分数的提高还是很有帮助的，下面就来看看。 点击下载托福阅读模拟题 托福阅读解答简化题的几个方法技巧 托福阅读由于篇幅较长的文章和各种题型的存在一直为难着大家，其实托福阅读题型还是比较固定的，如果能掌握一些做提的新托福阅读技巧那么对于分数的提高还是很有帮助的，下面就来看看。 托福阅读题型中中句子简化题考查的对象是长难句，主要考查考生对句子逻辑关系的把握及句子基本信息的理解。句子简化题出题方式： Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. 下面通过具体例子来说明句子简化题做题步骤及新托福阅读技巧。 例1 Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death of injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art. 1. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. Upper Paleolithic people, like many contemporary peoples, believed that if they drew a human image in their cave art, it would cause death or injury. Many contemporary people believe that the drawing of a human image can cause death or injury, so they, like Upper Paleolithic people, rarely depicted human figures in their cave art. If Upper Paleolithic people, like many contemporary peoples, believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, this belief might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art.