级博士生英语考试试卷讲解学习

2004级博士生英语考

试试卷

English Test for Doctoral Candidates

(Jan. 16, 2005)

Part I Listening Comprehension (20%)

Section A

Directions:In this section, you will hear 5 short conversations. After each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and question will be read only once. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Then mark your answer on your Answer Sheet A.

1. A. To be back Tuesday morning.

B. To come and see him Wednesday.

C. To call him on Thursday.

D. To make an appointment for Thursday.

2. A. Every day.

B. Every day except Thursday.

C. Monday, Wednesday and Friday.

D. Monday, Tuesday and Friday.

3. A. On a train.

B. On a boat.

C. On a plane.

D. On a bus.

4. A. It was sold out.

B. It was too expensive.

C. She didn’t like it.

D. It was uninteresting.

5. A. Go for a long walk with her friend.

B. Rest and take care of herself.

C. Stay at home and do her exercises.

D. Catch up with her reading.

Section B

Directions:In this section, you will hear 2 short passages. The passage will be read only once. At the end of the passage, you will hear 5 questions about what was said. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to each question.

Passage 1

6. A. Almost half their money.

B. Almost all their money.

C. Almost one-third of their money.

D. Most of their money.

7. A. Right after the food is ready.

B. Right after the father makes the cross over the bread with a knife.

C. Right after the mother distributes each member a piece of brad.

D. Right after the father gives everyone a piece of bread.

8. A. The famous French food.

B. The French family meal.

C. The French family reunion.

D. The French gable manners.

Passage 2

9. A. Means for winter traveling.

B. Methods of fishing.

C. How to hunt large animals.

D. Political ways.

10. A. Iron tools.

B. Building canoes.

C. Blazing trails.

D. Planting crops.

Section C Spot Dictation

Directions:In this part, you are going to hear a longer passage. The passage is printed below with some words and expressions missing. As you listen, fill in each of the blanks with the words and expressions you have heard.

Our sleep time over the past century has been reduced by almost 20 percent.

Generally, adults need to sleep one hour for every two hours awake, which means that most need about eight hours of sleep a night. Of course, some people need more and some less. Children and teenagers need an average of about ten hours.

The brain keeps an exact (11) ______________ of how much sleep it is owed.

My colleagues and I coined the term sleep debt because accumulated lost sleep is like a monetary debt: it must be paid back. If you get an hour less than a full night’s sleep, you carry an hour of sleep debt into the next day—and your (12) ______________ to fall asleep during the daytime becomes stronger.

During the five-day workweek, if you get six hours of sleep each night instead of the eight you needed, you would build up a sleep debt of ten hours (five days times two hours). Because sleep debt accumulates in an additive (13) ______________, by day five your brain would tend toward sleep as strongly as if you’d stayed up all night. From this perspective, sleeping until noon on Saturday is not getting enough to pay back the ten lost hours as well as meet your nightly (14) ______________ of eight; you would have to sleep until about 5 p.m. to balance the sleep ledger.

But for most people it is difficult to sleep that long because of the alerting mechanism of our (15) ______________ clock.

Section D Summary

Directions:Listen to the passage and write a summary in no less than 50 words. Part II Reading Comprehension (20%)

Directions:In this section, there are 4 short passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C and D, and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet A.

Passage 1

However important we may consider school life to be, there is no denying the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously hinder and thwart curricular objectives.

Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents apprised (告知) of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading readiness program, manuscript writing and development mathematics.

Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The informal tea and the many interviews carried on during the year, as well as new ways of reporting pupils’ progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home.

To illustrate, suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic process night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent sublimate his natural paternal interest into productive channels. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget, buying the food, using a yardstick or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis.

If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics, and at the same time, enjoying the work.

Too often, however, teachers’ conferences with par ents are devoted to petty accounts of children’s misdemeanors, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestion for penalties and rewards at home.

16. The central idea conveyed in the above passage is that _______.

A. home training is more important than school training because a child spends

so many hours with his parents

B. teachers can and should help parents to understand and further the objective

of the school

C. there are many ways in which the mathematics program can be implemented

at home

D. parents have a responsibility to help students in doing homework

17. The author directly discussed the fact that _______.

A. parents drill their children too much in arithmetic

B. principals have explained the new art programs to parents

C. a father can have his son help him construct articles at home

D. a parent’s misguided efforts can be properly directed

18. It can reasonably be inferred that the author _______.

A. is satisfied with present relationships between home and school

B. feels that schools are woefully lacking in guidance personnel

C. believes that the traditional program in mathematics is slightly better than

developmental program

D. feels that the parent-teacher interviews can be made much more constructive

than they are at present

19. The author implies that _______.

A. participation in interesting activities relating to a subject improves one’s

achievements in that area

B. school principals do more than their share in interpreting the curriculum to

the parents

C. only a small part of the school day should be set apart for drilling in

arithmetic

D. teachers should occasionally make home visit to parents

20. We may infer that the writer of the article does not favor _______.

A. a father’s helping his son with the latter’s studies

B. written communications to the parent from the teacher

C. having the parent observe lessons which the children are being taught

D. principal-parent conferences rather than teacher-parent conferences Passage 2

E-business requires instantaneous decision-making and KM (knowledge management) has a tremendous role to play in achieving this as well as quality feedback. Real-time business without proper knowledge and feedback information quickly turns into real-time unsupervised and valueless chaos. Lack of adequate knowledge flow and coherent real-time views of a situation inevitably lead to disastrous consequences. The infamous Barings Bank operated a real-time futures business without real-time checks and balances, and did not ensure adequate quality of knowledge flows from the trading floor to controllers and managers. It was too-much-too-fast coupled with too-little-quality-feedback and insufficient understanding. There was too little real-time knowledge at hand and it turned out a spectacular disaster.

The missing link was KM. No serious e-business effort should be undertaken without considering, planning and implementing a strong KM infrastructure. Real-time knowledge must flow from those who have it to those who must be able to make the right move at the right time. And there is no time to spare. E-businesses must be equipped with interactive workflow tools and real-time business intelligences feedback in a clear and understandable format. People involved must have access to all underlying documents at all times at a snap of their fingers. Otherwise they will guess rather than make informed decisions. Or words, in fear of making a huge mistake, people will make no decisions at all.

Take a home loan application process for example. You would most likely apply to a number of banks at the same time. They would obviously complete on pricing, but the bank that can make your credit assessment first and most effectively, process

the documentation and inform you on the progress every step of the way will get your business. The rest may be stuck with less demanding, more risk-prone customers. This may affect their overall profitability, and ability to complete on price and service in the future. It could put them out of business altogether. So is there a link between e-business and KM? I surely think so.

21. According to the passage, in doing e-business, you must _______.

A. make quick decisions

B. learn many disciplines

C. work hard

D. know how to promote yourself

22. As the author puts it, being short of _______ will lead to failure in e-business.

A. support from the government

B. sufficient knowledge flow and accurate views of the situation

C. qualified managers

D. loan from the bank

23. Barings Bank went bankrupt because _______.

A. it involved itself in the futures business

B. its manager was not an expert

C. it failed to smooth the knowledge flow and the feedback processes

D. of its slow decision-making process

24. Some managers do not make decisions because _______.

A. they are not provided with sufficient information

B. they are slow in thinking

C. they are very democratic

D. they have limited rights in the company

25. When you apply for a home loan, you tend to choose a band with _______.

A. offers the lowest interest

B. if located quite near to your house

C. will keep you informed of the on-goings in the process

D. is big and famous

Passage 3

When it comes to leisure activities, Americans aren’t quite the funseekers they’ve been supposed to be. For one out of five, weekends and vacations are consumed by such drudgeries as housecleaning, yardworking, and cooking; only one-third of them enjoy the luxury of relaxing in the sun, going camping, playing sports, or simply relaxing.

Americans were asked how they occupy themselves on days they are not at work. According to the poll, older people, the rich, and the well-educated are most apt to spend their spare time doing the things they “want to do” rather than those they “have to”.

Overall, high-salaried respondents were more active than those with lower incomes—they reported watching less television and were ore likely to engage in social and cultural activities. Furthermore, those with college degrees were about