自考英语(二)讲义完整版三
自考英语（二）讲义完整版三
Unit 2 练习：
1.词汇英译汉：
escape，explode，collapse，shrink，gravity，measurement，basis，launch，convincing，companion，
speculation，swallow，operate，to make use of， a great many，above all
2.句子英译汉：
1）Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape.
2）The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point.
3）Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova.
4）If a man fell into a black hole，he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly.
5）It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.
6）On the other hand，scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind.
7）There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate.
8）They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.
3 句子汉译英
黑洞是什么，天文学家还没有完全解决这个问题。
Astronomers have not yet fully solved the problem of what a black hole is.
据说黑洞可以将其周围的一切物体，如星星吞食掉。
It is said that black holes are able to swallow up all the objects around them，such as stars .
对黑洞的研究刚刚开始，各种各样的假说层出不穷。
The research of black holes is just beginning and speculation about them are endless.
科学家仍不能说出黑洞内发生了什么。
Scientists still can not tell what happens inside a black hole.
It is still impossible for scientists to tell what happens inside a black hole.
如果我们认识了黑洞，黑洞就不那么可怕了。
If we understood black holes，they would not be so fearful .
Black holes will not be so fearful if we get to know them.
历年考题：
1.Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space ______ which matter has fallen and ______ which nothing can escape.
A.towards …towards
B.into …from
C.out of …from
D.through…from
答案是B.考点：定语从句中介词+which 的结构；fall into 掉进去；escape from 从…逃离。
2.汉译英：要说出黑洞里面发生了什么是不可能的。（不定式作主语）
答案：It is impossible to say what happens inside the black hole.
3.汉译英：只是在最近天文学家才开始对黑洞进行具体研究。（强调句型）
答案：It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.
4.汉译英：有些星辰的密度达到某一点就会爆炸。
答案：Some stars explode when their density increases to a certain point .
Unit 2 单元课后练习
ⅠWord Spelling
1.密度n.d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2.（使）倒塌，（使）崩溃v.c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3.边界线，边界n.b _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
4.永恒的，经久不变的 a.c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
5.基础，根据n.b _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
6.发射，发动v.l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
7.双胞胎之一 a.t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
8.同伴，同事n.c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
9.人类n.m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
10.推测，猜测n.s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
11.吞v.s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
12.不充分的 a.i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
13.物质n.m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
14.情况，环境 a.c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
15.发生，出现v.o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
16.强烈的 a.i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
17.证据n.e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
18.看不见的 a.i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
19.宇航员n.a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
20.热带的 a.t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
ⅡWord Form
1.Supernovae____（report）by astronomers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
2.Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble，but still____（have）the same mass，and you have some idea of the force of a black hole.
3.If one____（make）a journey over the Continents one would find every kind of surface including mountain ranges，plains，and empty areas covered permanently by ice and snow.
4.And astronomers are planning a new observatory to study the individual exploding stars____（believe）to be black holes.
5.Matter from the one which we can see____（pull）towards the companion star.
6.There might be a massive black hole at the centre of our galaxy____（swallow）up stars at
a very rapid rate.
7.The most____（convince）evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems.
8.They show us a world which operates in a ____（total）different way from our own.
9.The surface of some areas____（consist）largely of high mountains and deep valleys.
10.Our world is the home of a very great many different people-peoples with different____（colour）skins.
ⅢV ocabulary and Structure
1.Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space （not a thing）____which matter has fallen and____which nothing can escape-not even light.
[A] into into
[B] into from
[C] from into
[D] from from
2.This process of shrinking may be so intense____a black hole results.
[A] whether
[B] what
[C] which
[D] that
3.Binary stars，____their name suggests，are twin stars whose position in space affects each other.
[A] as
[B] that
[C] what
[D] if
4.In some binary systems，astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star，a 'partner' to____which we can see in the sky.
[A] the one
[B] that
[C] the ones
[D] those
5.On the other hand，scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day____the energy of black holes for mankind.
[A] make fun of
[B] make sure of
[C] make use of
[D] make sense of
6.Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too，which might have black holes as____.
[A] companies
[B] comparisons
[C] compounds
[D] companions
7.The earth is one of nine planets which move in____round the sun.
[A] track
[B] orbit
[C] tour
[D] route
8.In August 1977，a satellite was____to gather data about the black holes in the Milky way.
[A] posted
[B] delivered
[C] launched
[D] transmitted
9.The terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are____here.
[A] inadequate
[B] invisible
[C] intense
[D] individual
10.We know nothing about events which happen once objects pass this boundary，But____，matter must behave very differently inside the hole.
[A] in addition
[B] in person
[C] in detail
[D] in theory
ⅣC-E Translation
1.这个收缩的过程如此强烈，以至于黑洞产生了。
2.直到最近天文学家们才开始研究黑洞。
3.但是从理论上说，物质在黑洞里的行为一定非常不同。
4.黑洞最强有力的证据来自对双星系的研究。
5.有一天也许人类也会遭此命运。
单元自测答案Unit 2
ⅠWord Spelling
1.density
2.collapse
3.boundary
4.constant
5.basis
https://www.360docs.net/doc/c59791945.html,unch
7.twin https://www.360docs.net/doc/c59791945.html,panion 9.mankind
10.speculation 11.swallow 12.inadequate
13.matter 14.circumstance 15.occur
16.intense 17.evidence 18.invisible
19.astronaut 20.tropical
ⅡWord Form
1.were reported
2.having
3.made
4.believed
5.is being pulled
6.swallowing
7.convincing 8.totally 9.consists
10.coloured
ⅢVocabulary and Structure
1.B
2.D
3.A
4.A
5.C
6.D
7.B
8.C
9.A 10.D
ⅣC-E Translation
1.This process of shrinking is so intense that a black hole results.
2.It is only recently/It is not until recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.
3.But in theory，matter must behave very differently/in a very different manner inside the black hole.
4.The most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems.
5.Mankind may one day meet this fate.
讲义三
Text A Euthanasia ：For and Against
For and against=For or against
Pro and（or）Con 赞成
课文简介
安乐死是否合法？对于这个问题，不同的国家有不同的观点。在欧洲，荷兰和比利时两个国家已经给予其合法化。
本文主要通过荷兰人齐思ooo范o万德尔o德o尤德要求医生对他执行安乐死的事例，
对有关安乐死的种种问题进行了讨论：医生是否有权剥夺别人的生命？执行安乐死对身患绝症的人来说是一种解脱还是谋杀？对此存在着截然不同的两种观点。
Paras 1-4 The subject about euthanasia
Paras 5-10 There are opinions for and against the practice of euthanasia
practice=practice 实施，实践
词汇精讲：
1. weaken ：v. 削弱；变弱；
She seems to be weakening.
They have never weakened their stand for human rights.
派生词：weak a. 虚弱的，软弱的
手写板00：07：41
类似的词有：
short，sharp，wide，dark，broad
同义词：Undermine
2. debate ：争论，辩论
用法：to debate on 对…进行辩论；
Lincoln debated Douglas on this issue. 林肯与道格拉斯就这个问题进行了辩论。
Education is the current focus of public debate. 教育是当前公众争论的焦点。
同义词：dispute
3. legal ：a.法律上的，合法的
派生词：illegal a. 不合法的
4. request ：vt/n. 请求，要求
搭配：request for 要求…；make a request for 要求；at sb‘s request 应…之要求；
例：He made a request for immediate help. 他要求立即给予帮助。
The singer gave one more song at our request. 歌唱家在我们的要求下又唱了一首歌。
They made a request to release the prisoners.他们要求释放犯人。
其他用法：request 后接that 从句时，从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气“should + 动词原形”的形式。例：He requested that he （should）stay for more days. 他请求再住一些天。
5. criterion ：标准，准则复数：criteria （批评、判断、决定的标准和准则）
例：What criteria do you use to judge a good wine？你用什么标准判断酒的好坏？
同义词：standard 标准（客观的、公正的标准，可用于比较、衡量事物）
例：The standard of living has improved greatly.生活的标准已经大大提高。
6. ensure ：vt. 保证，保护；赋予
用法：ensure sb. that 确保…。ensure sth.
I can ensure that he will come at 12 o'clock.我能保证他将在12点钟来。
他的才能将保证他得到成功。His ability will ensure his success.
7. oppose vt. 反对
派生词：opposition n. 反对；opponent n. 对手
用法：be opposed to 反对，
We are firmly opposed to this dirty political deal. 我们坚决反对这场肮脏的政治交易。
What he said was totally opposed to the facts. 他说的与事实完全相反。
He is very much opposed to my going abroad . 他非常反对我出国。
区别：oppose 与be opposed to
They opposed the plan. 他们反对此计划。（表示动作）
They were opposed to the plan 他们反对此计划。（表示态度）
8. disabled ：伤残的，使失去战斗力的
派生词：disable v. 使不能…；able adj. 有能力的；enable v. 使能够………；unable a. 不能的，没有能力的；
用法：
the disabled 残疾人
disable sb. from doing sth. 使某人不能干…，使某人丧失能力；
一场事故使他再也不能打篮球了。An accident disabled him from playing basketball.
enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能作某事
乘飞机使我们几个小时就能越过太平洋Flying enables us to go across the Pacific in a few hours.
be able to do sth. 能够做某事
我们能说英语。We are able to speak English.
be unable to do sth. 不能做某事
我们不能在9点钟之前到。We are unable to get there before 9 o‘clock.
9. sensitive ：adj. 敏感的，灵敏的
派生词：sense n. 感觉，感知；
用法：be sensitive to 对…很敏感
Her reply showed that she was very sensitive to criticism. 她的回答表明她对批评非常敏感。
他对天气变化很敏感。He is sensitive to the change of weather.
词组精讲：
1. to debate on ：关于…进行辩论
Lincoln debated Douglas on this issue. 林肯与道格拉斯就这个问题进行了辩论。
2. to make request for ：要求
He made a request for immediate help. 他要求立即给予帮助。
3. to opposed to ：反对
He is very much opposed to my going abroad .
4. to open up ：打开，开办，开辟
We shall open up the resources of the NW areas of our country.
我们将开发我国西北地区的资源。
They are preparing to open up a national debate. 他们正准备展开一场全国性的争论。
5 to take …into account ：考虑到；估计
We must take local conditions into account. 我们必须考虑到当地的条件。
You must take her inexperience into account. 你必须考虑到她无经验而予以体谅。
相关词汇：to take …into consideration 考虑到
6. need for ：对…的需要
There's a growing need for cheap rented housing in the large cities.
大城市对廉租房的需求不断增加。
课文句子精讲
Text A
Euthanasia ：For and Against
“We mustn‘t delay any longer ……swallowing is difficult ……and breathing，that’s also difficult. Those muscles are weakening too ……we mustn‘t delay any longer.”
第一部分：paras.1 ——paras 4
Para. 1
1. “We mustn‘t delay any longer…”我们不可以再拖延了
mustn‘t 不应该，不可以
not any longer 不再，再也不，no longer 不再
These were the words of Dutchman Cees van Wendel de Joode asking his doctor to help him die. Affected with a serious disease，van Wendel was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating.
Para.2
2. affected with a serious disease 为过去分词短语作原因状语；句中there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating 是knew 的两个宾语从句。
本句的意思是：范o万德尔身患重病，再也不能清楚地说话。他知道他没有希望康复，身体状况正在急剧恶化。
V an Wendel‘s last three months of life before being given a final，lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown，it starts a nationwide debate on the subject.
Para.3
3. Van Wendel‘s last three months of life ……were filmed
不可数名词前面有单位词修饰，谓语的数与单位词的数一致。
例：Two bottles of beer were served .
4. 句中“being given a final，lethal injection by his doctor”为被动结构的动名词短语，用作介词“before”的宾语。句中“film”用作动词，表示“将故事拍成电影”。
本句的意思：范o万德尔生命的最后三个月，在接受医生给他打的最后致命一针之前，被拍成了电影并于去年首次在荷兰电视上播出。
5. 句中“since ”为副词，表示“从那以后”；each time 引导的是时间状语从句。
本句译为：“从那时起，已有20多个国家购买了这个节目，每次播放都引起对这个问题的全国性大辩论。
The Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia，although it is not technically legal there. However，doctors who carry out euthanasia under strict guidelines introduced by the Dutch Parliament two years ago are usually not prosecuted. The guidelines demand that the patient is experiencing extreme suffering ，that there is no chance of a cure，
and that the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia .
permits=allows
Para.4
6. which引导定语从句修饰country ，although 引导让步状语从句
it is not technically legal 根据法律是不合法的。
technically ad. 严格按法律意义地，严格遵循某些规章制度地
（备注：荷兰在2001年四月已立法）
本句译为：“尽管它根据法律是不合法的，但是荷兰是欧洲唯一允许安乐死的国家。”
7. who carry out euthanasia under strict guidelines introduced by the Dutch parliament two years ago 是定语从句修饰doctors.而其中“introduced …。ago”为过去分词短语作定语，修饰guidelines.介词under 在此表示“根据，按照”。
主句：doctors ……are usually not prosecuted.
本句的意思是：不过，执行安乐死的医生如果遵守荷兰议会两年前制定的严格准则，通常不会遭起诉。
8. 三个that 引导的都是demand 的宾语从句，说明执行安乐死必须同时满足这三个条件。demand 在此表示“规定”，而不是“要求”的意思，因此，其后所接宾语从句也没有用（should）+ 动词原形的虚拟语气形式。
本句的意思是：这些准则要求，病人必须正在经受极大的痛苦，没有制愈的可能，并且病人一再恳求安乐死。
introduce：推行
In addition to this， a second doctor must confirm that these criteria have been met and the death must be reported to the police department.
9 a second doctor must confirm that these criteria have been met and the death must be reported to the police department.
a second doctor = another doctor 另外一名医生
第二部分para.5 ——para.10
Should doctors be allowed to take the lives of others？Dr，Wilfred van Oijen，Cees van Wendel‘s doctor，explains how he looks at the question：
Para.5 提出问题Should doctors be allowed to take the lives of others？
10 Cees van Wendel‘s doctor，是Dr，Wilfred van Oijen的同位语。此句的主语和谓
语被同位语所分开。，谓语是explains ，how he looks at the question：是宾语从句。
life的复数是lives
“Well，it‘s not as if I’m planning to murder a crowd of people with a machine gun. In that case，killing is the worst thing 1 can imagine. But that‘s entirely different from my work as a doctor. I care for people and I try to ensure that they don’t suffe r too much. That‘s a very different thing.”
Para.6
11 as if = as though 仿佛，好像…似的
引导方式状语从句，一般用虚拟语气，如果与事实相符，也可用陈述语气。
12 In that case ，在那种情况下case n. 情况，事例，案例，病例
killing is the worst thing 1 can imagine. 杀人是我能想象出的最残忍的事情
Para.7 、8（两位反对安乐死的人和他们的观点）
Many people，though，are totally against the practice of euthanasia，Dr. Andrew Ferguson，Chairman of the organization Healthcare Opposed to Euthanasia，says that “in the vast majority of euthanasia cases，what the patient is actually asking for is something else. They may want a health professional to open up communication for them with their loved ones or family - there‘s nearly always another question behind the question.”
13 Many people，though，are totally against the practice of euthanasia，此句中的though = however
14 Chairman of the organization Healthcare Opposed to Euthanasia，是Dr. Andrew Ferguson，的同位语。此句的主语和谓语被同位语所分开。
Britain also has a strong tradition of hospices - special hospitals which care only for the dying and their special needs. Cicely Saunders，President of the National Hospice Council and a founder member of the hospice movement，argues that euthanasia doesn‘t take into account that there are ways of caring for the dying. She is also concerned that allowing euthanasia would undermine the need for care and consideration of a wide range of people：“It’s very easy in society now for the elderly，the disabled and the dependent to feel that they are burdens，and therefore that they ought to opt out. I think that anything that legally allows the shortening of life does make those people more vulnerable.
15 “president of the National Hospice Council and a founder member of the hospice
movement”是Cicely Saunders 的同位语。此句的主语和谓语被同位语所分开。
“that euthanasia doesn‘t take into account that there are ways of caring for the dying 是argue 的宾语从句；在宾语从句中，there are ways of caring for the dying 是take 的宾语从句。
此句的意思是：国家晚期病人收容所委员会主席和收容运动发起人茜西里？桑得斯认为安乐死没有考虑到总会有办法照顾临终病人。
16 “that anything that legally allows the shortening of life does not make those people more vulnerable”句中第一个that是think 的宾语从句的引导词，that legally allows the shortening of life 是定语从句，修饰anything .
vulnerable 是形容词作宾语补语
Many find this prohibition of an individual‘s right to die paternalistic. Although they agree that life is important and should be respected，they feel that the quality of life should not be ignored. Dr. van Oijen believes that people have the fundamental right to choose for themselves if they want to die：“What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven’t the right. And that when people are very ill，we are all afraid of their death. But there are situations where death is a friend. And in those cases，why not？”
Para.9
17“what those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me”是主语从句，that dying people haven‘t the right 是表语从句；在主语从句中，who oppose euthanasia 是定语从句，修饰people. 本句的意思：那些反对安乐死的人告诉我的是临终之人没有这个权利。
and that （time）when …
18Why not 是一个省略句，意思是：Why not help them die？
Why not have euthanasia？
But “why not？”is a question which might cause strong emotion. The film showing Cees van Wendel‘s death was both moving and sensitive. His doctor was clearly a family friend；his wife had only her husband’s interests at heart. Some，however，would argue that it would be dangerous to use this particular example to support the case for euthanasia. Not all patients would receive such a high level of individual care and attention.
Para.10
19Some，however，would argue that it would be dangerous to use this particular example to support the case for euthanasia.
that 引导宾语从句，从句中it 是形式主语，不定式to use 是实际主语
20Not all patients would receive such a high level of individual care and attention.
并不是所有的病人都能得到如此高水平的个别护理和关照。
accept 是主动的接受
重点句
Euthanasia ：For and Against
“We mustn‘t delay any longer ……swallowing is difficult ……and breathing，that’s also difficult. Those muscles are weakening too ……we mustn‘t delay any longer.”
These were the words of Dutchman Cees van Wendel de Joode asking his doctor to help him die. Affected with a serious disease，van Wendel was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating.
V an Wendel‘s last three months of life before being given a final，lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown，it starts a nationwide debate on the subject.
The Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia，although it is not technically legal there. However，doctors who carry out euthanasia under strict guidelines introduced by the Dutch Parliament two years ago are usually not prosecuted. The guidelines demand that the patient is experiencing extreme suffering ，that there is no chance of a cure，and that the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia . In addition to this，a second doctor must confirm that these criteria have been met and the death must be reported to the police department.
Should doctors be allowed to take the lives of others？Dr，Wilfred van Oijen，Cees van Wendel‘s doctor，explains how he looks at the question：
“Well，it‘s not as if I’m planning to murder a crowd of people with a machine gun. In that case，killing is the worst thing 1 can imagine. But that‘s entirely different from my work as a doctor. I care for people and I try to ensure that they don’t suffe r too much. That‘s a very different thing.”
Many people，though，are totally against the practice of euthanasia，Dr. Andrew Ferguson，Chairman of the organization Healthcare Opposed to Euthanasia，says that “in the
vast majority of euthanasia cases，what the patient is actually asking for is something else. They may want a health professional to open up communication for them with their loved ones or family - there‘s nearly always another question behind the question.”
Britain also has a strong tradition of hospices - special hospitals which care only for the dying and their special needs. Cicely Saunders，President of the National Hospice Council and a founder member of the hospice movement，argues that euthanasia doesn‘t take into account that there are ways of caring for the dying. She is also concerned that allowing euthanasia would undermine the need for care and consideration of a wide range of people：“It’s very easy in society now for the elderly，the disabled and the dependent to feel that they are burdens，and therefore that they ought to opt out. I think that anything that legally allows the shortening of life does make those people more vulnerable.
Many find this prohibition of an individual‘s right to die paternalistic. Although they agree that life is important and should be respected，they feel that the quality of life should not be ignored. Dr. van Oijen believes that people have the fundamental right to choose for themselves if they want to die：“What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven’t the right. And that when people are very ill，we are all afraid of their death. But there are situations where death is a friend. And in those cases，why not？”
But “why not？”is a question which might cause strong emotion. The film showing Cees van Wendel‘s death was both moving and sensitive. His doctor was clearly a family friend；his wife had only her husband’s interests at heart. Some，however，would argue that it would be dangerous to use this particular example to support the case for euthanasia. Not all patients would receive such a high level of individual care and attention.
Text B Advantage Unfair
New Words
1 conspiracy n. 1.阴谋，密谋；2.阴谋集团，阴谋帮派
2 old-boy n. 1.老同学；2.（招呼用）老朋友，老弟，老兄
3 network n. 1.[纺]网眼织物；2.网状物，网络
4 escalator n.自动扶梯
5 privilege n.特权
vt.给予…特权
6 profession n.职业（尤指脑力劳动或受过专业训练的）
7 graduate vi.大学毕业，[美]毕业
vt.[主美]准予…毕业
a. 1.毕业的；2.研究生的
n.大学毕业生；[美]毕业生
8 unfair a.不公平的，不公正的
9 employment n. 1.使用；2.雇佣；3.职业，工作
10 publish vt. 1.出版，刊印；2.公布，发表
11 senior a. 1.年长的，年纪较大的；
2.地位较高的，资历较深的；
3.[英]（大学）高年级的，[美]大学四年级的
n. 1.年长者，2.资历深者，上级
12 appoint vt. 1.任命，委任（as）；2.约定，指定（时间，地点）
13 private a. 1.私人的，私有的；2.私营的，私立的；3.秘密的，私下的
14 headmaster n.（中学或小学的）校长
15 leading a. 1.领导的，指导的；2.最重要的，主要的
16 bias n.偏见
v.[常用被动语态]有偏见（against，towards）
17 entry n. 1.进入，入场（权），入会权；2.入口；3.登记，条目，帐目
18 merit n. 1.优点，长处；2.功绩，功劳
19 fiercely ad. 1.凶猛地，凶残地；2.猛烈地
20 competitive a.竞争的；比赛的
21 entrance n. 1.进入；2.入口，门口；3.入场，入会，入学
22 additional a.附加的，追加的；另外的
23 abolish vt.废除（法律，习惯等）；取消
24 applicant n.申请人，请求者
25 performance n. 1.执行，完成；2.表现，工作性能；3.演出，演奏
26 accessible a. 1.易接近的，能进去的；2.易受影响的（to）；3.可理解的（to）
27 elite n.[集合名词]精英，杰出人物
a. 杰出的，精英的
28 academic a. 1.（高等）专科院校的，研究院的，学会的；2.学术的
29 excellence n.优秀，杰出
30 recruit vt./vi. 1.征募（新兵），吸收（新成员）；2.聘用，补充
n.新兵；新成员
31 equivalent a. 1.相等的，相同的（to）；2.等价的，等量的，等效的n. 1.等价（物），等量（物）；2.对应词（或对应语）
32 ivy n. 常青藤
33 replicate vt. 重复；复制
34 elitist n. 1.杰出人物；2.杰出人物统治论者
a. 1.杰出人物的；2.杰出人物统治论的
35 remedial a. 1.治疗的，治疗上用的；2.补救的
36 prime a. 1.最初的，基本的；2.首要的，主要的；3.第一流的，最好的
37 vision n. 1.想像力，幻觉；2.视力，视觉；3.眼光
38 classless a. 1.无阶级的；2.不属于任何阶级的
Phrases and Expressions
1 to amount to 1.达到，总计；2.相当于，等于
2 on average（on an average或on the average）平均
3 to blame …for为…责备某人
4 by nature生来，天生，就其本性而言
5 be worth doing值得做…
Proper Names
Walter Ellis沃尔特。埃利斯
Oxbridge牛津大学和剑桥大学
Oxford 牛津，牛津大学
Cambridge剑桥，剑桥大学
John Rae约翰。雷
Westminster 威斯敏斯特
France 法兰西，法国
Ivy League常春藤联合会
Harvard哈佛大学
Yale耶鲁大学
Princeton普林斯顿大学
Stanford斯坦福大学
Berkeley伯克利
John Major约翰。梅杰
escalator
电梯：elevator，lift
profession
career 事业，职业（终身所从事的职业）vocation 指帮助人的职业，如医生，护士，教师occupation （比较正式）职业
job 工作，职业
work 工作，职业
自考英语二第二单元讲义
Unit 2 Text A salesgirl n.女售货员 couple n.几个，一对 glance vi.看一下瞥一眼He glanced nervously at his watch when he was waiting for the bus. uncomfortable a.不舒服的，不自在的 behave vi 举止 desire vt.想望, 期望, 希望, 请求(官方丈礼)n.愿望, 心愿, 要求v.要求 They showed a desire to improve relations. She desires that he (should) do it at once. distant a.在远处的，疏远的 outsider n.外人，局外人，门外汉 feature n.特征，特色 mark n.标志, 分数, 痕迹, 记号 You’d better make some marks while reading. vt.做标记于, 打分数, 标志vi.作记号 Please mark all of the large cities on this map. adapt vt.使适应, 改编 Can you adapt your way of thinking to the new life-style? adopt vt.采用, 收养 They were trying to persuade the UN to adopt an aggressivenly anti-American resolution. accent n.重音, 口音, 重音符
完整版自考英语二重点班讲义01--15
完整版讲义---华夏大地自考高伟老师主讲，真的很MAN！！ 第一单元知识点的回顾 Text A 1.choose----choice：词型转换经常考，同时注意该词的过去式和过去完成式。 2.★available:这个词考的频率很高。换句话说，如果在答案中出现了该词， 从词义上应该给予其优先考虑。这个词出现的句子中经常会同时出现ticket, food, book等。 3.decide----decision，注意词性上的变化。 4.purpose:这个词一旦出现，它既可以考本词的意思，也可以考后面的谓语 动词的形式，记住：凡是出现purpose, aim, objective, plan，dream, goal等 有含有目的性的词，后面的谓语动词一定是to do的形式，同时关注这些 词是否为复数形式，如果是，谓语动词一定是复数的。 5.achieve----achievement，注意词型上转换。 6.★in the way:妨碍，挡路，阻碍。区别in a way：从某种程度上。★on the way (to)在去…路上(★on the way home)和by the way：顺便说一句。 7.★★involve----involve ment(in)：注意词型转换，词义及介词搭配。 8.★consider----consideration。注意词型上的转换，同时牢记take into consideration(account)，如果单独考本词，后面的动词一定是+ing形式(动名词)，但注意主动和被动含义上的区别。 9.make a guess at:注意固定习语的搭配。 10.certain----certainly----★certainty----★★uncertainty：注意词性和词义上 的转换。 11.risk:注意后面接ing的动名词形式。 12. sometimes…;at other times…:注意前后句型上的搭配，很有可能在完型里 考。 13.range：这个词应该注意经常考的方式，range from…to…，句子中经常会 出现price,或地点等波及到范围上的词汇。 14.a number of/the number of：注意区别后面的谓语动词的单、复数。 15.★(be)based on/upon：注意搭配，完型常考。 16.therefore：学会so的另一种表达方式，说明结果，完型常考(=consequently， 本词还需要注意词型转换consequent/consequence)。 17.treat:注意搭配及同义词组，treat…as, see…as,view…as;另外treat the problem=deal with=cope with。
自考英语二复习资料汇总总结
重点单词扩充讲解： 1. organizational: a 组织上的 由此我们可以联想到：organize: v 组织；organization: n 组织；organizer: n 组织者 请看下列习题，选择该组词里恰当的词填空： 1). Last week, our school __organized_____ a spring outing. 2). The task calls for the highest _organizational_ skill. 3). China has joined World Trade _organization_________. 4). He is the ____organizer______ of the speech contest. Answers: organized, organizational, Organization, organizer 2. objective: n 目标； a 客观的，反义词subjective: 主观的 3. predict: v 预言、预示； 由此我们可以联想到：prediction: n 预言；predictable: a 可预测的；predictor: n 预言家 4. simplify: v 简化 由此我们可以联想到：simple: a 简单的；simply: ad 简单地，仅仅地；simplification: n 简化；simplified: a 被简
Exercises for the above words: 1). The machine is simple_____ in operation but complex in structure. 2). Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet in the original is beyond our capacity while __simplified__ edition is quite easy. 3). There is no point in arguing about it, becau se it is __simply_____ a question of procedure. 4). The _simplification_____ of working process freed the workers fro heavy labor. Answers: simple; simplified; simply; simplification 5. tendency: n 趋势、倾向；tend : v 倾向于…，tend to do sth e.g. old people have the tendency of getting fatter. Or old people tend to get fatter. 6. managerial: a 经理的、经营上的； 由此我们可以联想到：manage: v管理、经营；management: n; manager: n 经营者，管理者；manageable: a 可管理的、可经营的。 7. argue: v 争辩、争论，常用固定搭配：argu with sb about/over sth由于某事而同某人争论；argue sb into doing sth说服某人做某事；argue sb out of doing sth说服某人不
2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit2
Unit 2 Mistakes to Success I. New words and expressions New words 1. spill v.（使）洒出，泼出，溢出 2. respond v. 作出反应；响应 respond to… response 3. interview v. （媒体）采访，访问 4. creative adj. 创作的 5. occur v. 发生；出现 It occurred to me that… 6. remove v. 拿开；去掉 7. refrigerator n. 冰箱 8. grip n. 紧握；紧抓 9. slippery adj. 滑的；滑得抓不住（或站不稳、难以行走） 10. content n. 所容纳之物；所含之物 11. veritable adj. 十足的；名副其实的；不折不扣的 12. yell v. 叫喊；大喊；吼叫 13. lecture n.（冗长的）教训，训斥，谴责 14. mess n. 肮脏；杂乱；不整洁 15. rarely adv. 罕有；很少；不常 rare animals / stamps Rarely is he late for class. 16. puddle n. 水洼；小水坑 17. eventually 最后；终于 18. restore v. 使复原；使复位；使复职 19. sponge n. 海绵块 20. effectively adv. 有效地 effective ineffective 注意区分：effective / efficient 21. tiny adj. 极小的；微小的 22. discover v. 了解到；认识到；查明 discovery 23. grasp v. 抓紧；抓牢 24. lip n.（容器或凹陷地方的)边，边沿
2014-2017自学考试英语二(00015)历年真题及答案汇总
2014年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）标准试题 (课程代码：00015) 第一部分：阅读判断题(每题1分，共10分) 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供 的是正确信息，选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。 Running: Sport or Way of Life? You go through the channels several times and find that once again there's nothing on TV that interests you. Not a problem! Just put on some running shoes and comfortable clothes and go for a run. One of the best things about the sport of running is that you don't need expensive equipment. All you need is a good pair of running shoes and a safe environment. But don't be fooled into thinking the sport of running is easy It requires discipline and concentration. Running is good for you both physically and mentally. It strengthens your heart lungs and muscles? It makes you more aware of your body. Running also improves your body so that you don't get sick as easily. It can even help you to stay more focused in school because exercise helps you to think more clearly. How do you get engaged in the sport if you don't know much about it? Most schools offer running programs. A simple internet search can help some in your find area. Then programs show you how running can offer competition or just be for fun. They also teach runners to set practical goals and take care of their bodies. Runners have great respect for each other because they know how difficult the sport can be. If you go to a race you'll see people cheering for all the runners. Running isn't always about how fast you are or how far you're going. It's about getting out there and doing it. Participation is more important than competition and effort is recognized over talent. If you're looking for more than just a sport running may be the perfect choice for you 1. You may find it interesting in go for A run. A. True B. False C. Not Given 2. The sport of running is easy. A True B. False C. Not Given 3. It is hard to End n safe environment for running.
2016自考英语二教材课文讲义unit3说课讲解
Unit 3 Friendship and Loyalty I. New words and expressions New words 1. reflection n. （关于某主题的）思考，回忆 2. loyalty n. 忠诚；忠实；忠心耿耿 3. recognize v. 承认；意识到 4. betray v. 辜负；对…不忠 5. indeed adv. 其实；实际上 6. virtue n. 高尚的道德；正直的品性；德行 7. trend n. 趋势；趋向；倾向；动态；动向 8. befriend v. 做（尤指需要帮助者的）朋友；友善相待 9. request v. （礼貌或正式地）请求，要求 10. trendy adj. 时髦的；赶时髦的 11. multitude n. 众多；大量 12. mutual adj. 共有的；共同的 mutual respect / understanding 辨析：mutual / manual / manure / mature / menu / mental 13. term n. 词语；术语：措辞 14. site n. 网站；站点 15. acronym n. 首字母缩略词
16. perish v. 丧失；湮灭；毁灭 17. thought n. 想法；看法；主意；记忆 18. gossip n. 流言蜚语 19. challenge v. 考查…的能力；考验…的技巧 20. akin adj. 相似的；类似的 21. deposit n. 存款 22. account n. 账户 accountant current account deposit account 23. interest n. 利息 24. well-being n. 健康；安乐；康乐 25. welfare n. （个体或群体的）幸福，安全与健康 26. essence n. 本质；实质；精髓 27. seek v. 寻找 28. notoriety n. 恶名；坏名声 notorious 相当于infamous 29. premise n. 前提；假定； 30. exploit v. 利用（…为自己谋利） 31. reconnect v. 再联系；再联络 32. virtual adj. （通过计算机软件，如在因特网上）模拟的，虚拟的 33. assure v. 使确信；向…保证
2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit9
Unit 9 Facing Life’s Challenges I. New words and expressions New words 1. hurdle n. hurdles [pl.]跨栏赛；栏架，跨栏；难关，障碍 2. negative n. 否定词；否定；拒绝 adj. 坏的；有害的 3. despair v. 绝望；失去希望；丧失信心 4. petty adj. 小的：琐碎的；次要的 5. individual adj. 一个人的；供一个人用的 6. lane n. （比赛的）跑道，泳道 7. spot n. 地点；场所；处所 8. symbolize v. 象征；是…的象征；代表 symbol -ize常用的动词后缀：modernize, globalize, economize 9. incredibly adv. 极端地；极其 credible 可靠的，可信的 credibly 变副词时需省略-e的形容词有simple, true, credible, believable simply, truly, (in)credibly, (un)believably 10. positive adj. 良好的；正面的 11. tough adj. 艰苦的；艰难的；棘手的 12. arise v. 发生；产生；出现 arise from sth. 区分：arouse / arise arouse one's anger / respect / sympathy 13. lost adj. 不知所措的；一筹莫展的 14. leap v. 跳跃 15. yard n. 码 16. inch n. 英寸 17. cinch n. 很容易的事；小莱 Phrases and Expressions 1. line up 排成一行；站队；排队（等侯） 2. end up最终成为；最后处于 end up (in) doing sth. end up begging / being arrested end up as a beggar / prisoner / millionaire
2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit11
Unit 11 Cyber World I. New words and expressions New words 1. chatline n. （消遣性的）热线电话交谈服务 2. variety n. （同一事物的）不同种类，多种式样 vary vary from…to… 比较：range / shift from…to… various 3. romance n. 恋爱；爱情 romantic 4. bizarre adj. 极其怪诞的；异乎寻常的 5. potential adj. 潜在的；可能的 6. script n. 剧本；广播（或讲话等）稿 7. intimacy n . 亲密；关系密切 intimate 8. initial adj. 最初的；开始的 9. perceive v. 将…视为；认为 10. avalanche n. 雪崩；山崩 11. literary adj. 文学的；文学上的 literature literal literary
literate liberal 12. verse n. 诗；韵文 13. animated adj. 栩栩如生的；（似）能活动的 14. inclination n. 倾向；意愿 incline inclined 15. sweaty adj. 满是汗的；汗津津的 16. palm n. 手掌；手心 17. vary v. 相异；不同 18. convey v. 表达，传递（思想、感情等） 19. polish v. 修改；润饰；润色 20. intellect n. （尤稻高等的）智力，思维逻辑领悟力 21. personality n. 性格；个性；人格 22. sequence n. 顺序；次序 23. reverse v. 颠倒；彻底转变；使完全相反 24. veil v. 掩饰；掩盖 unveil 揭露，揭开 25. intellectual adj. 智力的；脑力的；理智的 26. familiarity n. 熟悉；通晓 familiar familiarize
2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit12(完整资料).doc
【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】 Unit 12 A Break from Life I. New words and expressions New words 1. cranky adj. 脾气坏的 2. laundry n. 要（或正在）洗的衣物；刚洗好的衣物 3. resemble v. 看起来像；显得像；像 resemble: take after resemblance 4. throb n. （强烈有规律的）跳动；阵阵的疼痛 5. subside v. 趋于平静；平息；减弱；消退 6. ache v. 疼痛；隐痛 7. joint n. 关节 8. shuffle v. 拖着脚走 9. wiggle v. （使）扭动，摆动，摇动 10. sniffle n. 抽鼻子（声） 11. tissue n. (尤指用作手帕的)纸巾，手巾纸 12. pillow n. 枕头 13. crack v. 找到解决（难题等的）方法 14. contagious adj. 患接触性传染病的 15. germ n. 微生物；细菌；病菌 16. resourceful adj. 机敏的；足智多谋的；随机应变的 17. scrounge v. 觅取；搜寻 18. nurture v. 养育；养护；培养 19. chore n. 令人厌烦的任务、乏味无聊的工作 20. respite n. 暂停；暂缓 21. manufacture v. 编造；捏造 22. symptom n. 症状 23. pamper v. 细心照顾；精心护理；娇惯；纵容
24. hermit n. 隐土；隐修者；遁世者 25. gel n. 凝胶，冻胶（尤指用于头发或护肤的产品） 26. hearty adj. 大的；丰盛的 27. chamomile n. 苹果菊；春黄菊；甘菊 28. vanilla-scented adj. 香草味的 29. gingerly adv. 谨慎地；小心翼翼地；轻手轻脚地 30. grateful adj. 感激的；表示感谢的 be grateful to sb. for sth. ungrateful 比较：graceful disgraceful 31. spa n. 水疗 32. tub n. 浴缸；浴盆 33. drain n. 下水道；排水管 34. refresh v. 使恢复精力；使凉爽 35. emotionally adv. 感情上地；情感上地 emotion emotional 36. empower v. 增加（某人的）自主权；使控制局势 37. permission n. 准许；许可；批准 permit 38. justify v. 对…作出解释；为…辩解（或辩护） 39. awareness n. 知道；认识；意识 Phrases and Expressions 1. pile up 堆积；积压 2. come down with患，得，染上（小病） 3. slip away 消失；消亡；死去 4. respond to 作出反馈；响应 5. care for 照顾，照料（病、老、幼者等） 6. tend to 照料；照管；护理
自考本科英语二复习资料
自考“英语（二）”复习资料 第一单元 1.常考单词： goal，objective，accomplish，predict，accompany，implement，tendency，achievement，argue，budget，define，entity 2. 常考词组： in the way，in part，point of view，contribute to，to apply for，in hand，to turn down 3. 常考句子： 1）A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. 2）Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance. 3）If there is no choice，there is no decision to be made. 4）For managers every decision has constraints based on politics，procedures，laws，precedents and the like. 5）For example，managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion. 6）Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best - that is，which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals. 7）In the larger scheme of things，however，increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization. 8）Some of these objectives are more important than others，but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department. 第二单元 1.常考单词： escape，explode，collapse，shrink，gravity，measurement，basis，launch，convincing，companion，speculation，swallow，operate，to make use of，a great many，above all 2. 常考句子： 1）Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape. 2）The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point. 3）Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova. 4）If a man fell into a black hole，he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. 5）It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. 6）On the other hand，scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind. 第三单元 1.常考单词： weaken deteriorate debate legal request criterion ensure oppose tradition consideration disabled burden vulnerable prohibition sensitive 2. 常考词组： to debate on to make request for be opposed to to take … into account 3. 常考句子： 1）Affected with a serious disease，van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating. 2）Van Wendel's last three months of life before being given a final，lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. 3）The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown，it starts a nationwide debate on the subject. 4）What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven't the right. 第四单元 1.常考单词： demestic statistics diplomat exploit campaign execute convict despite de serving shelf minimum status deport 2. 常考句子： 1）There are estimated to be more than 20，000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain. 2）Of these 20，000，just under 2，000 are being exploited and abused by their employers. 3）The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases. 4）A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder，despite protests form various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established. 5）She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka. 6）Because she found it difficult to feed her four children，she accepted a job working as a domestic in London. 7）So if they do complain，they risk being deported. 第五单元 1.常考单词： Musician，rhythmic，distinct， consciousness，originate，readily， instrument，electronic，thereby， passive，participant 2. 常考词组： to take place to take over to take on in a sense at a stretch to serve as in advance for the sake of 3. 常考句子： 1）The new music was built out of materials already in existence. 2）Folk music，old and modern， was popular among college students. 3）They freely took over elements form jazz，from American country music. 4）With records at home， listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could. 第六单元 1.常考单词： efficiency increasingly inst all personnel expose reduc tion completion specific s witch critical intensity s cale defective 2. 常考词组： in that in question plenty of 3. 常考句子： 1）Most of today's robots are employed in the automotive industry，where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies. 2）Robots，already taking over human tasks in the automotive field are beginning to be seen，although
自考英语二复习资料
? UNIT 1 ? 重点单词和短语 ? objective accomplish predict accompany attain scheme skilled argue define ? interview prospect ? course of action in the way(by the way, in no way, in a way) make a guess at contribute to and the like (and so on) ? seek to do sth. in part point of view vary from…to … ? apply for (to) ? have no idea bring about take the trouble to do ? put oneself in one’s place ? to one’s advantage at a disadvantage ask for in hand turn down (up, on, off, out, over, back) ? 重点、难点句子详解 ? 1.A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. ? 解析：courses of action意思是行动方案、做事步骤；made 是过去分词；from among 为二重介词 ? 例：We’ll inform you as soon as tickets become _____. (06-4) ? A. valuable B. capable C. acceptable D. available (D) ? 2. … some suggest that the management process is decision making. ? 解析：suggest表示认为、提出、暗示意思，后面不用虚拟语气，表示建议意思， 后面用虚拟语气。 ? 例：It is suggested that the meeting (should) be held (hold)at some other time. ? 3. … decision m aking includes limiting alternatives as well as identifying them. ? 解析：as well as意思是既…又… ? 4. In fact, I did have several questions, but you have already answered them all. ? 解析：助动词do在肯定句中用在动词之前表示强调，意思是 确实。 ? 5. … but do not let it worry you too much. ? 解析：动词let, make, have, hear, see, observe等词之后的 宾语补足语为省略to 的 不定式结构。 ? 6. There is little likelihood that … ? 对比：There is a/ every/no likelihood that/of ? 例：The two sisters are ___ in many ways, not only in appearance but also in temperament.(06-4) ? A. like B. likely C. alike D. lively (C) ? ? UNIT2 ? 重点单词和短语 ? exert collapse shrink basis launch convince operate revolve glitter unlikely (be likely to) whereas concerned (be concerned about) plateau ? in theory apply to depend on research into swallow up make use of together with in every respect in other words consist of a great many under the circumstances make a difference above all as a rule ? seek to do sth. in part point of view vary from…to … ? 例：I hope my boy friend will be handsome, strong and ___ kind. (06-4) ? A. above all B. in all C. at all D. after all (A) ? 重点、难点句子详解 ? 1. Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable… ? 例：爱因斯坦声称物质和能量是可以相互转化的，因此没有绝 对的时间和空间。 (05-4-68) ? 2. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. ? 例1：It is on Friday ___ we will hold the meeting. ? A. that B. when C. in that time D. what (A) ? 例2: As a painter, Ted was very ___ about the colors he used. (03-10) ? A. specific B. special C. peculiar D. particular (D) ? 3. The earth is one of mine planets which move in orbit round the sun. ? 对比：The earth is the only one of the nine planets which has life on it. ? 4. The total water area is about three times as large as the land area. ? 解析：数词+times + as +形容词+as是表示倍数的表达法。 ? 例：It is important to note that a reading of 4 indicates an earthquake ten times as strong as one with a reading of 3. (unit 6 text B) ? 5. The more we learn about other people, the better we understand their ideas, and, as a rule, the better we like those people themselves. ? 解析：the+比较级，the+比较级结构，意思是越…越…，第一 个从句中谓语动词不 用倒装，第二个从句谓语动词可以用倒装，也可以用正装语气。 ? 例：___ we are, ___ we become. ? A. the oldest; the wiser B. older; wiser ? C. the older, the more wise D. the older; the wiser (D) ? UNIT 3 ? 重点单词和短语 ? deteriorate debate (on/upon) request ensure oppose(be opposed to) burden sensitive privilege appoint bias accessible ? recruit ? be affected with carry out in addition to in this case open up care for take into account have …at heart be sensitive to opt out of for short amount to