Unit 3 教案新部编本-新世纪大学英语第二册
教师学科教案[ 20 – 20 学年度第__学期]
任教学科：_____________
任教年级：_____________
任教老师：_____________
xx市实验学校
Unit 3 Knowledge and Knowledge Transfer Lecturer: Cai Jie 蔡洁
Classes: 注会11401 （53）
Teaching Objectives:
1. To understand the meaning of knowledge and knowledge transfer..
2. Grasp the key words, phrases and structures.
Teaching Contents
1. Lead-in activities
2. Text Organization (Text A)
3. Language points (key words, phrases and difficult sentences)
4. Grammar Focus (Hypothetical conditionals in past time)
5. Guided Practice (Listening practice, oral practice and written exercises) Teaching Focus
1.Hypothetical Conditional in Past time.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/c610861767.html,age of language points and expressions
3.Understanding of the text
Time Allotment:
Teaching Methods:
●Explanation
●Group discussion
●Questions and answers
●Multi-media
●Performance
Teaching Procedure:
1.Warm-up Activity
1) Group Discussion
1.People acquire knowledge in different ways. How do you acquire knowledge ?
2.In what ways do you think you can put what you’ve learned into practice ?
3.How do you understand the proverb “ He who knows most knows best how little he
k nows”?
2) Quotes about knowldge.
1 A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.
一知半解，自欺欺人。
2 If you want knowledge, you must toil for it.
要想求知，就得吃苦。
3 Knowledge makes humble; ignorance makes proud.
博学使人谦逊，无知使人骄傲。
4 If you would have new knowledge, you must get a whole world of questions.
— Susanne K. Langer, American philosopher 要想有新的知识，就必须提出大量的问题。
——美国哲学家S. K. 兰格5 Knowledge rests not upon truth alone, but upon errors also.
— Carl G. Jung, Swiss psychologist 知识不仅依赖真理，也依赖错误。
——瑞士心理学家C. G. 荣格
6 Everybody is ignorant, only on different subjects.
— William Rogers, American humorist 所有人都是无知的，只是在不同的方面罢了。
——美国幽默家W. 罗杰斯2. Text Organization
Part one:(Para1-5)The author presents the paradox that the more you know, the more you know you don’t know.He gives an example of modern physics in which the more scientists search for the truth of nature,the more mysterious and unpredictable they find nature is.
Part Two: (Para6-9) The author illustrates the paradox with his personal experience in reading,learning and writing.It took him a long time to get rid of the shadow of this paradox and now he has come to realize that it is not his knowledge that qualifies him to write,but rather it is his wrting that give him the skill and chance to acquire knowledge.
Part Three: (Para10-11) The author suggests that an undersatnding of the limitation of one’s knowledge will encourage one to pursue and challenge truth
persistently.
3. Language Points
A. Words and Expressions
1) (L. 11) look into: examine the meaning or causes of; investigate
e.g. 委员会收到了投诉，正在调查。
(=The committee have received the complaint, and they’re looking into it.)
2) (LL. 11~12) in a way: to some extent
e.g In a way we all tend to remember the good times and forget the bad. (Directions:) Match the English expression with its corresponding
Chinese translation.
by way of 挡道地
on one’s way不怕麻烦地
go out of the way
in the way
out of the way 不挡道
3) (L. 16) interface: n.
1. a surface forming a common boundary between adjacent regions,
bodies, substances, or phases
e.g 人机界面
(=the man-machine interface)
2. a point at which independent systems or diverse groups interact
e.g J ack Kroll said: “Much of the reality is to be found in the interface between crime and politics.”
NB: interface常与between连用。
4) (L. 19) consume: vt.
1. use up (time, money, goods, etc.)
e.g. Arguing about details consumed many hours of the committee’s val uable time.
2. destroy
e.g. The fire quickly consumed the wooden hut.
（＝火焰很快吞噬了那所小木屋。）
3. [often pass. ] absorb, engross
e.g 妒忌得不得了
(=consumed with jealousy)
NB: 该词的名词形式为consumption。
5) (L. 22) remain: v.
1. continue to be (in a unchanged state)
e.g.The situation remains unchanged.
2. stay or be left behind after others have gone, been lost, etc.
e.g. The only remaining question is whether or not we can raise the money.
cf. continue, last & remain
这三个词都是动词，都有“继续存在、经受住”之意。
continue为中性词，且不带任何感情色彩，指从开始到结束之间的任何延伸过程。
例如：
*Shall I continue or stop here? 我是继续（讲）下去，还是就此打住？last 即“持续、经受住”之意，特指某事物继续存在或者最为普遍意义上的时间持续。例如：
*She is fond of perfume with the scent that lasts a long time. 她喜欢芳
香味长留不散的香水。
remain 指人或物移去、分离或毁坏后仍留在原地。例如：
* Little of the building remained after the explosion. 爆炸后，该建筑物所剩无几。
6) (L. 25) quest: n.
1.a lont search
e.g. the quest for knowledge
（＝寻求知识）
2.an attempt to find something
e.g. She had come in quest of advice.
7) (L. 30) likewise: ad.
1. in the same way, similarly
e.g. —“很高兴认识你。” —“我也是。”
(=–“I’m very pleased to meet you.” –“Likewise.”)
2. also
e.g You must pack plenty of food. Likewise, you’ll need warm clothes, so pack them too.
cf. likewise, besides & furthermore
这三个词都是副词，都有“也、而且”之意。
Likewise 较正式，它所表示的“也”具有比较明确的含义。
Besides 所指的“而且”起到加强前述内容的作用。
furthermore最正式，多用于在一系列的同等成分的句子中，而且前面可以用besides。
(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.
1. The house is too small, and _______, it’s too far from the city. (=furthermor e)
2. Watch him and do ______. (=likewise)
3. For this job you need a lot of patience; ______ you need a sense of humor. (=likewise)
4. I don’t like those shoes; ______, it is beginning to rain. (=besides)
5. They cannot do it, and ______, no one else appears to want to do it either. (=furthermore)
6. It’s too late to go for a walk now; ______, it is beginning to rain. (=besides)
8) (L. 30) luck:
1. vi. gain success or something desirable by chance
e.g. luck out in finding that rare book
（＝凭运气发现那本珍贵的书）
2. n.
1) the chance happening of fortunate or adverse events; fortune
e.g. He reached the food before I did, worse luck!
2) success or something good that happens as a result of chance, good fortune
e.g. She won $500 in the lottery; some people have all the luck.
Collocations:
try one’s luck 碰碰运气
a bit of luck 走运
in luck 运气好
out of luck 运气不好
9) (L. 31) sheer: a.
1. pure; unmixed with anything else; nothing but
e.g. The sheer size of the country causes tremendous communications problems.
2. very steep; straight up and down
e.g a sheer cliff
10) (L. 53) close off: separate (something or some people) from the area around it so
that people cannot go there or use it
e.g. 《封锁我一生》
(=Close off My Life)
11) (L. 53) open up: make possible the development of
e.g. The October Revolution opened up a new epoch in world history.
12) (L. 54) paralyze: vt.
1. affect with paralysis; cause to be paralytic
e.g. After the accident she was paralyzed from the waist down.
2. make unable to move or act
e.g. He stood paralyzed by fear.
3. make ineffective; cause to stop working
e.g. 阻碍经济活动的严格的规章制度
(=strict regulations that paralyze economic activity)
13) (L. 61) qualify: v.
1.reach a necessary standard, e.g. of knowledge, ability, or performance, or get a qualification
e.g. 资格赛
(=a qualifying match)
2. limit the force or meaning of (something stated); modify
e.g. In “the open door”, “open” is an adjective qualifying “door”.
cf. enable, authorize & qualify
这三个词都是动词，都有“使某人能够做某事”之意。
enable表示提供手段、机会使某人能够做某事，或准许、授权某人做某事。authorize表示得到官方许可、批准。
qualify表示使某人具有某种资格，或使合格。
(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.
1. The government _______ the publication of this book. (=authorized)
2. I must ______ myself for the post. (=qualify)
3. An eagle’s large wings ______ it to fly very fast. (=enable)
4. The fall in the value of currency will ______ us to export more goods. (=enable)
5. A walk along the side of the lake for a while hardly ______ as exercise. (=qualifies)
6. I’ve been ______ by the court to repossess this property. (=authorized)
14) (L. 63) column: n.
1. tall pillar, usu. round and made of stone, either supporting part of the roof of a building or standing alone as a monument
e.g. The temple is supported by massive columns.
（＝此庙由粗大的柱子支撑。）
2. something resembling an architectural pillar in form or function
e.g. a column of mercury in a thermometer
3. one of two or more vertical sections of printed material on a page
e.g. Each page of this dictionary has two columns of text.
4. part of a newspaper regularly dealing with a particular subject or written by the same journalist
e.g. the correspondence columns of “The Times”
Collocations:
write a column 撰写专栏
advertising columns 广告栏
correspondence columns 读者信息栏
a sports column 体育栏
a personal column 个人广告栏
15) (L. 69) hopeless: a. giving no cause for hope
e.g. It's hopeless trying to convince her.
16) (L. 70) inevitably: ad. in a way that cannot be avoided or prevented
from happening
inevitable: a.
1. that cannot be avoided; that is sure to happen
e.g. 不可避免的灾难
(=an inevitable disaster)
2. so frequently seen, heard, etc. that it is familiar and expected
e.g. a tourist with his inevitable camera
cf. inevitable, unavoidable & doomed
这三个词都是形容词，都有“不可避免的、注定的”意思。
Inevitable 指不能被躲避、逃避，表示事情必然发生。例如：
*An argument is inevitable because they disliked each other so much.
争论是不可避免的，因为他们如此讨厌对方。
unavoidable指即使采取谨慎的行动也无法逃脱将要发生的事情，如破产、结婚
等可以说是unavoidable，而死亡或命运则是inevitable。例如：
* Noise is unavoidable when you learn to beat a drum. 学习打鼓，
噪音是不可避免的。
doomed 概指贬义，多指悲惨的和不可抵抗的命运，即使后面不接其他成分也是如此。例如：
e.g.They informed the Prime Minister that his government was doomed.
他们告诉首相，他的政府注定要垮台。
17) (L. 71) rigidity: n.
1. the quality or state of being rigid
e.g. The rigidity of the metal caused it to crack.
（＝这金属因刚度强而产生裂纹。）
2. an instance of being rigid
e.g. He deplored the rigidity of her views.
rigid: a.
1. stiff; not bending or yielding
e.g.a rigid support for the tent
2. strict; firm; unchanging
e.g. 厉行节约
(=practice rigid economy)
18) (L. 72) stiff: a.
1. not easily bent, folded, moved, changed in shape, etc
e.g. Shoes are often stiff when they are new.
2. full of determination
e.g. The army encountered stiff resistance from rebels in the hills.
3. hard to do; difficult
e.g. a stiff climb
（＝吃力的攀登）
cf. inflexible, rigid & stiff
这三个词都是形容词，都有“坚定的、稳定的”意思。
inflexible强调缺乏柔韧性，更侧重于无伸缩性，不可改变等意思。
rigid用来描写坚硬的、根本不能弯曲的，而弯曲后即折断的东西。
stiff是个常用词，可以泛指一切不易被弯曲的东西，主要指质地坚硬，很难弄弯变其形状。
(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.
1. He has _______ courage. (=inflexible)
2. His moustache was as ______ as a tooth brush. (=stiff)
3. The bodies of animals became ______ after death. (=rigid)
4. Neither threats nor promises could change his ______ determination. (=inflexible)
5. His legs felt ______ from having sat for so long. (=stiff)
6. That is a tent supported on a ______ framework. (=rigid)
Collocations:
frozen stiff 冻僵的
scared stiff 吓得不能动弹的
go stiff 变得僵硬
19) (LL. 72~73) unbending: a.
1. not yielding; inflexible
e.g.an unbending will to dominate
2. aloof and often antisocial; extremely reserved
e.g. a stern unbending man
20) (L. 73) yielding: a. likely to agree with others or accept their wishes
e.g. You shouldn’t be yielding all the time.
21) (L. 80) humility: n. humble attitude of mind; modesty
e.g. 很谦逊的人
(=a person of great humility)
Collocations:
demonstrate / display humility 显示谦恭
in / with humility 谦恭地
B. Difficult Sentences
1) (L1~2) For more than ? of my life — 39 of my 50 years —I’ve either studied or
taught in a school or a college in New York.
Q: What might people think of the author since he has spent more than ? of his life either studying or teaching?
(=People might think that the author would know more than the average person, and that he would feel confident in his knowledge and understanding of life.)
Q:Translate this sentence into Chinese.
(=我这辈子四分之三以上的时间（50年中有39年）是在纽约的中小学或大学里度过的，不是在上学，就是在教学。)
2) (L3~6) You might think, then, that after all this time I’d have some grasp of the
situation, that I’d actually know things —that I’d have some positive
sense of assurance, of certainty, about knowledge and about life.
Q: Why does the author use the modal verb “might” here?
(=The modal verb “might” here is used to show that it is possible that someone may think this way, but the author is not quite sure about it.)
Q: How do you understand the part “I’d have some positive sense of assurance, of certainty, about knowledge and about life”?
(=I’d have full confidence in terms of understanding knowledge and life.)
3) (L8~9) To say that the more I know, the more I know I don’t know is, of course,
contradictory.
Q: What does the author think of the statement “the more I know, the more I know I
don’t know”?
(=He thinks it is a self-contradictory statement — a paradox.)
Q: Have you ever felt “the more I know, the more I know I don’t know”? Please cite your personal experiences to illustrate your point.
(=Open-ended.)
4) (L19~22) As it grows, so does its circumference. And if that growing blackness
represents knowledge, then as it grows, so does the awareness of
what remains unknown.
Q: As one’s knowledge grows, what will happen to him according to the author?
(=According to the author, as one’s knowledge grows, his awareness of what he still doesn’t know increases, too. In other words, the more he knows, the more he kno ws he doesn’t know.)
Q: Translate this part into Chinese.
(=随着它的扩大，它的周缘也跟着扩大。如果那个正在增大的黑色部分代表你的知识的话，在知识增长的同时，你会意识到自己有许多不知道的东西。)
5) (L30~32) Likewise, when I lucked into an opportunity to teach film analysis, I
found myself dazzled at the sheer number of books devoted to the
subject.
Q: How did the author feel at that time?
(=He felt surprised.)
Q: Why did he have that feeling?
(=Because there were so many books published on the subject of film analysis.)
6) (L36~37) But you quickly find that your reading, rather than answering questions,
only creates more of them.
Q: What does reading often lead to according to the author?
(=According to the author, reading often leads to more questions, rather than answers to the questions that one has come across.)
Q: Do you believe that trying to answer questions involves more reading? Why?
(=Open-ended.)
7) (L52~53) For me, however, it’s just the opposite. Writing doesn’t close things off
— it opens things up.
Q: How to explain the two expressions “close … off” and “open … up”?
(= “Close … off” means to separate something or some place from the area around it so that people cannot go there or use it. “Open … up” means to make possible the development of something.)
Q: What is the significance of writing according to the author?
(=According to the author, writing leads him to a better grasp of what he reads. Writing is not the conclusion of what he knows, but a reflection of what he tries to understand, which may lead to more questions on the subject he writes about.)
8) (L54~55) For a long time, I, as a writer, was paralyzed by this paradox — the more
I know, the more I know I don’t know.
Q: Paraphrase the part “I, …, was paralyzed by the paradox …”.
(=… the contradictory statement made me feel uncertain and confused …)
Q: Why does the author say that for a long time he was “paralyzed” by the paradox: “ the more I know, the more I know I don’t know”?
(=For a long time, the author felt confused with the self-contradictory statement “the more I know, the more I know I don’t know.” He was not sure whether he should write or not. And even if he did write, he was uncertain whether he was qualified to do so. He always felt he had to know more first.)
9) (L62~64) I think of my work not as articles or as columns but as essays — a word
from French, meaning “to try”.
Q: How is the word “essay” different from “article” or “column”?
(=The word “essay” comes from French, meaning “to try”.)
Q: Why does the author regard the articles and columns he has produced as “essays”? (=By calling his articles and columns “essays”, the author emphasizes that, for him, the process of writing is merely a process of TRYING to know more or to acquire more knowledge. In other words, he writes in order to find out the truth about something rather than simply showing to the public what he already knows.)
10) (L78~79) An infinite quest is not a hopeless one.
Q: What does the author imply by saying “An infinite quest is not a hopeless one”? (=By saying so, the author implies that knowledge is infinite and the pursuit of knowledge is an endless process of learning, but if we keep trying, we will surely acquire more knowledge and gain more wisdom even though we may feel all the time that our knowledge is always limited.)
Q: Translate this sentence into Chinese.
(=永无止境的探索并非毫无希望。)
C. Useful phrases and expressions
1) 了解一些情况have some grasp of the situation
2) 积极予以肯定have some positive sense of certainty
3) 调查，研究look into
4) 逃走，溜掉slip away
5) 在某种程度上in a way
6) 把……视为/设想成为picture…as
7) 在…末尾at the end of
8) 换言之in other words
9) 无疑，必定no doubt
10) 在寻求……的过程中in one’s quests for
11) 一个学科 a field of learning
12) 惊讶于be amazed at
13) 有幸获得机会luck into an opportunity
14) 比如说，假设let’s say
15) 而不是rather than
16) 更好把握gain a better grasp of
17) 有自信心be sure of oneself
18) 断绝，封锁，使隔离close…off
19) 开拓，开发，开辟open…up
20) 倒过来，相反地the other way around
21) 将……从……中引导/转移出来lead…away from
22) 将……握在手中hold…in hands
4. Grammar Focus ( Hypothetical conditionals in past time)
虚拟语气是英语中用来表示对不可能发生的事物的一种猜测或假设的语气。英语中的虚拟语气常见的类型有:条件状语从句中的虚拟语气，后宾语从句中的虚拟语气，某些动词后宾语从句中的虚拟语气，某些结构后主语从句中的虚拟语气等。"if"条件状语从句中的虚拟语气的结构如下表：
虚拟类型从句主句
对现在情况的假设一般过去时would+动词原形
对将来情况的假设一般过去时would+动词原形
对过去情况的假设过去完成时would + have + 过去分词
一、对现在情况的假设
主要表示对不可能发生或不太可能发生的现在情况的假设，例如：
1) If you were an Inuit near the North Pole, you would enjoy the raw meat from seals.
2) If you were a man living in the grassland, you would prefer the roasted meat of sheep or goats.
3) If you were in Germany, you would find soup that is thick and heavy.
4) If you were in China, you would find soup that is thin and clear.
以上各句所体现都是条件状语从句中的虚拟语气，表示对不可能发生或不太可能发生的现在情况的假设。
对现在情况假设的虚拟语气的构成如下：
1）条件状语从句中用were,而主句中则用would + enjoy 构成
2）条件状语从句中用were,而主句中则用would + prefer 构成
3）条件状语从句中用were,而主句中则用would + find 构成
4）条件状语从句中用were,而主句中则用would + find 构成
二、对将来情况的假设
1) If I had enough time, I would certainly go.
2) If you hurried up, you would catch that train.
3) If you studied hard in college, you would find a good job in the future.
1.如果我有足够的时间,我一定会去。
2.如果你快一点，你还会赶上那趟列车。
3.如果你在大学里努力学习，将来你就会找到一份好工作。
对将来情况的假设的虚拟语气的构成如下：
1)条件状语从句中用had,而主句中则用would + go 构成
2)条件状语从句中用hurried,而主句中则用would + catch 构成
3)条件状语从句中用studied,而主句中则用would + find 构成
三、对过去情况的假设
1) If you had begun to do your homework earlier, you would have completed them.
2) If I had listened to the teacher, I would have finished reading the English book.
3) If Tom had prepared the mid-term exam well, he would have passed it.
1)如果你早点开始做家庭作业，你早就做完了。
2)如果我听了老师的话，我该把这本英语书看完了。
3)要是汤姆为其中考试做了充分准备，这次其中考试他就及格了。
对过去情况假设的虚拟语气的构成如下：
1)条件状语从句中用had begun,而主句中则用would + have + complete构成
2)条件状语从句中用had listened ,而主句中则用would + have + finished构成
3)条件状语从句中用had prepared,而主句中则用would + have + passed 构成
四、条件句虚拟语气中的情态动词该如何选用？
条件句虚拟语气中的情态动词是否只能使用would条件句虚拟语气主句除了可使用would外还可以便用might, could和should。其中should多用于第一人称后。在美国英语中在第一人称后多用would。
1) If I have enough time, I should have finished it. 如果我有足够的时间,我会完成
它的。
2) If he hadn't been ill, he might have come. 要不是生病,他可能就来了。
3) If I had been more careful, I could have done better. 我要是细心一点,是可以做
得更好的。
五、条件句虚拟语气从句中的be动词的正确形式是
条件句虚拟语气中从句中的be动词不管是什么人称,多用were形式。但在非正式特别是口语中,第一、三人称单数也可以使用was。
1)If he were here now, he would give us a hand. 如果他现在在这儿，他会帮助我的。
2)If I were you, I would not go. 如果我是你,我是不会去的。
3)If she was here, we could ask her.如果她在这儿,我们可以问她。
六、条件状语从句中的虚拟语气的倒装形式是
当条件句虚拟语气的从句中含有"be, have, should, could四个词,从句可以倒装。倒装的形式是把这四个单词提前至句首，将If省略,剩下的句序不变。
1) Were I you, I would study hard. 如果我是你,我就会好好学习。
2)Had I had enough home, I would have done it better.如果我有足够的时间，我会把这件事做得更好。
3) Should John come now, what would you say to him? 如果约翰现在来,你会对他说些什么?
4)Could the dead man have spoken, he would have identified his murderer.如果死人会说话,他会认出谁是谋害他的人。
5. Guided Practice
1) Listen and Respond (参见教材)
2) Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.
1.Does the author view himself as a learned individual ?
2.How does the author illustrate the contradictory nature of knowledge ?
3.What does the author think of his reading ?
4.What does the author think of his writing ?
5.What does the author intend to tell us in this essay ?
6. Summary
Ask Ss to summarize the text in their own words.
7.After-Class Assignments
1) Do Words In Action
2) Do Cloze
3) Do Translation
4) Do Reading comprehension
In a well, there are a group of frogs. Out of the group, one frog stands out more than the rest as he is the most knowledgeable. He is always able to answer other frogs’ questions like why the sky is blue and the clouds white. Due to his knowledge, other frogs are willing to serve him like the way others serve their king.
Whenever it rains, the water will be able to sip into the soil and disappear. However, this day, it rains and rains non-stop. The rainwater starts to fill the well. The frogs have nowhere to jump and hide. They are waiting for their wise king to give his command. The king frog asks the frogs to jump out of the well and they will be saved. The frogs have their reservations. They have never jumped out of the well before. Their parents and grandparents lived in the well till they died. No frogs know what it is like outside the well. The king repeats himself again. The frogs remain still. In order to gain their respect, the king frog decides to be the first to jump out of the well. The frogs waited. After a few minutes of silence, they send a representative to the top of the well. When the frog returns, he reports that he saw their king lying on the ground motionlessly with a pool of blood beside him. They have no idea what this indicates. They no longer have their wise king for advice. They have long given away their knowledge to the shadow. They are unable to make their decision. As more rainwater collects in the well, the frogs jump out of the well one by one. For this is what their king said is correct and what their king did.
Questions:
1. Why does the frog stand out as the king?
2. What happened one day?
3. What did the king frog ask other frogs to do?
4. What happened to the king frog after he jumped out of the well?
5. What do you learn from the story?
新世纪大学英语4课后答案
Text A compelled 迫使destruction 破坏eternal 永恒的output 产量retreat 撤退threaten 威胁transfer 转移Text B bare 赤裸consumed 耗尽have emerged 出现hollow 空心mass 大量miracle 奇迹pile 一堆scrape擦spark 火星thereby 由此tipped 顶端trigger 触发 1. If you had had a spark of consideration for your family ,you wouldn't have taken so many stupid risks. 如果你有为你的家人多一点考虑，你就不会有那么多愚蠢的风险。 2. Due to the lack of labor force, even women in this village were compelled to work in the coal mines. 由于缺乏劳动力这个村的妇女甚至被迫在煤矿工作。 3. We went through lovely countryside with great mountains, some of them beautiful and green and wooded, while others bare and wild. 我们穿过了美丽的农村巨大的群山，其中一些美丽的绿色和繁茂的，而其他人赤裸的和野生。 4. The cleaner took off his coat and began to scrape the ashes from the furnace with his bare hands. 清洁脱掉外套，开始擦去炉上的灰烬随着他的赤裸的双手。 5. People in that area are already threatened with environmental destruction since 60% of the forest there has been destroyed. 人们已经感受到环境破坏方面的威胁，因为有60％的森林已被破坏 6. The auto company has seen a huge increase in the output of private can this year due to the improved working efficiency. 汽车公司已经看到了今年由于提高了工作效率，私人产量大幅增加。 7. Under the severe attack from enemy aircraft, the troops were forced to retreat from front. 在敌机的严厉打击下，前面的部队被迫撤退。 8. When I came up to a giraffe lying on the grasses, I found that it had been killed with a spear tipped with poison. 当我来到一个长颈鹿躺在草，我发现它已经被带毒尖矛杀死。 9. He stayed eight days in an open boat with no food, and he was still alive; his survival was a(n) miracle. 他在无遮档的小船上呆了八天,又无食物,还活下来了,这真是个奇迹。 10. Survival of the Fittest is an eternal truth of nature. 适者生存是一个自然界的永恒的真理。 11. His hear sank when he saw the fresh pile of mails, memos and telephone messages on his desk. 他听到沉没时，他看到邮件的新的一堆，在他的书桌上的备忘录和电话留言。 12. The military government refused to transfer power to a democratically elected civilian government. 军事政府拒绝将权力移交给一个民选的文官政府. 13. In that area nearly six million people are affected by the drought and the civil war, and there is a real danger of mass starvation. 在那个地区近六百万人受到干旱和内战的影响，并有大规模饥荒的一个真正的危险。 14. Postal service personnel who are severely irresponsible purposely delay sending mail, thereby giving rise to great loss of public trust. 谁是严重不负责任的邮政服务人员故意延迟发送邮件，致使公共信任的巨大损失。 15. With the increase in the number of foreign funded enterprises, various kinds of financial disputes have emerged. 随着外资企业的增加，各类经济纠纷的出现。 16. The earthquake may trigger landslides that cause great damage and loss of life. 地震可能引发的山体滑坡造 成巨大的破坏和生命损失。 17. Deforesting and global warming threaten to ruin the current and future state of our environment. 毁林和全球变暖的威胁破坏我们的环境的当前和未来的态。 18. It was reported that almost 7 million liters consumed during the 16-day beer festival in Germany that year. 据报道，每年大约7000000 公升的啤酒节的16 天在德国消耗。 19. On a bitterly cold night, the only shelter he could find was the hollow trunk of a great tree. 在一个寒冷的夜晚，他能找到的唯一的栖身之处是空心的大树的树干。
新世纪大学英语第三册原文每段翻译U
新世纪大学英语第三册原文每段翻译U UNIT 6：Culture Shock |文化冲击| Kalervo Oberg We might almost call culture shock an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most ailments it has its own cause, symptoms, and cure. 1 我们不妨把文化冲击称为突然置身国外的人们所得的职业病。和大部分疾病一样，这种病有其独特的起因、症状和疗法。 Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. These signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situations of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to give orders to servants, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues. 2 文化冲击是因为我们失去熟悉的社会交往标记和符号而产生的焦虑所促成。这些标志或暗示包括我们应付日常生活各种情境时使用的诸多方式方法：与人会面时何时握手、该说些什么；在什么时间、以什么方式付小费；如何吩咐佣人；怎样购物；何时该接受、何时该拒绝他人的邀请；别人说的话，何时该当真，何时不该当真。这些暗示可以是语言、手势、面部表情、风俗习惯或社会行为标准。我们在成长的过程中获得了这些暗示，就像我们的语言和我们所接受的信仰一样，它们已经成为我们文化的一部分。我们所有的人都依赖成百上千个这样的暗示才能拥有宁静的心境，过上高效率的生活。 Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded you may be, a series of props have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort: a€?The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad.a€? When Americans or other foreigners in a strange land get together to complain about the host country and its people a€”you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. Another phase of
全新版大学英语综合教程第三册教案-Unit-2
Unit 2Civil Right Heroes Ⅰ. Teaching Plan & Students will be able to: 1.understand the main idea (early civil-rights struggles in the US, esp. the Underground Railroad); 2.learn to use library resources and other resources for information; 3.grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text; 4.[ 5.conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit. Principles: stimulating, motivating, facilitating, enabling Task–based:reading, writing, discussing, practicing, commenting, criticizing, evaluating, recreating, investigating, searching for resources, case studying, presenting and demonstrating, deducting, inducting, etc. < 1. T asks Ss the following questions on the recording: (5 minutes)
新世纪大学英语系列教程第版综合教程答案
Unit Two Optimism and Positive Thinking Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action ■ Working with Words and Expressions 1. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ■ Answers: positive startled perspective harden shape address crises curse incredible 10) conversely 11) issue 12) response 13) prior 14) rare 15) accomplish 2. In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ■ Answers: get the hang of have lived through makes a difference have no idea concerned with slipped over ran into in reverse mull over ■ I ncreasing Your Word Power 1. D ecide whether “do ”, “make ”or “take ”is needed to complete each of the following sentences. Change the verb form where necessary. ■ A nswers: does make take do make Take done taken making ))))))))) ))))))))) ))))))))) 10) took
新世纪大学英语综合教程2课文翻译
陌生人的善意 1. 一年夏天，我从家乡加利福尼亚州的塔霍城开车前往新奥尔良。在沙漠深处，我碰到一个年轻人站在路旁。他一只手打出拇指向外的手势，另一只手里拿着一个汽油罐。我直接从他身边开过去了。别人会停下来的，我想。再说，那汽油罐只是个让车停下、好抢劫司机的幌子而已。在这个国家，曾有那么一段时间，你要是对需要帮助的人置之不理，大家会认为你是混蛋，而如今你要是帮了你就是笨蛋。到处潜伏着犯罪团伙、吸毒上瘾者、杀人犯、强奸犯、盗窃犯还有劫车犯，为什么要冒险呢？“我不想卷进去”已经成为全国性的信条。 2. 开过了几个州以后，我还在想着那个想搭便车的人。把他一个人留在沙漠中倒并没有让我有多么不安。让我不安的是，我多么轻易地就做出了这个决定。我甚至根本没把脚从油门上抬起来。我很想知道，现在还有人会停车吗？ 3. 我想到我此行的目的地——新奥尔良。那里是田纳西·威廉姆斯的剧作《欲望号街车》的背景地。我回想起布兰奇·杜波依斯的名句：“我总是依赖陌生人的善意。” 4. 陌生人的善意。听起来好怪。如今这年头还有谁能指望陌生人的善意吗？ 5. 要验证这一点，一个办法是一个人从东海岸旅行到西海岸，不带一分钱，完全依靠美国同胞的善意。他会发现一个什么样的美国？谁会给他饭吃、让他歇脚、捎他一程呢？ 6. 这个念头激起了我的好奇心。但谁会这么不切实际、愿意去尝试这样一次旅行呢？好吧，我想，那不如我来试试？ 7. 满37岁那个星期，我意识到我这辈子还从没冒过什么险呢。所以我决定来个观念的跨越，美洲大陆那么宽——从太平洋去大西洋，不带一分钱。要是有人给我钱，我会拒绝。我只接受搭顺风车、提供食物和让我歇脚的帮助。这将是穿越这片金钱至上的土地上一次无钱的旅行。我的最终目的地是北卡罗来纳州的“恐惧角”（即开普菲尔），它象征着我沿途必须克服的所有恐惧。 8. 1994年9月6日，我早早起床，背起一个50磅重的包，朝金门桥走去。我从背包里拿出一个牌子，向过路的车辆展示我的目的地：“美利坚”。 9. 司机们隔着挡风玻璃念出这个词，然后笑了。两个女人骑自行车经过。“有点含混，”其中一个说。一名带有德国口音的年轻男士走上前来问，“你这个‘美利坚’在哪儿？”10. 实际上，整整六个星期的时间里我试图找出答案。我搭了82次便车，行程4223英里，穿越了14个州。在旅途中，我发现其他人跟我一样有担心。人们总是在警告我当心别的某个地方。在蒙大拿州，他们叫我留神怀俄明州的牛仔，而在内布拉斯加州，人们提醒我说艾奥瓦州的人可不如他们友好。 11. 然而，在我所去的每个州，我都受到了友善的对待。我诧异于美国人执意帮助陌生人的能力，甚至于在看来与自己的最大利益相冲突时他们也绝不袖手旁观。有一天，在内布拉斯加，一辆四门小轿车在路肩停下。我走到车窗边，看到两位穿着节日盛装的瘦小老妇人。12. “我知道这年头不该带搭便车的，但这里前不着村后不着店的，不停车感觉真不好。”自称“维”的司机说。她和姐姐海伦是去内布拉斯加的安斯沃思看眼疾的。 13. 她们为我停了车，我都不知道是该亲吻她们呢还是该责备她们。这个女人是在告诉我，她宁肯冒生命危险也不愿意因为没为一个站在路边的陌生人停车而感到内疚。她们在一个高速路口把我放下时，我望着维。我们俩异口同声地说，“小心。” 14. 有一次我在雨中没能搭上便车。一名长途卡车司机停了车，他把刹车踩得那么重，车子都在草地路肩上滑行了一段。司机告诉我他有一次被搭便车的人持刀抢劫了。“但我不愿意看到有人在雨里站着。”他补充说，“现在大家都没有良心了。” 15. 然而，我发现，总体而言，人们还是挺有同情心的。艾奥瓦州一对中年夫妇为了帮我找宿营地领着我走了一个小时。在南达科他州，一个女人让我在她家住了一晚之后递给我两张
全新版大学英语综合教程第二版第二册第三单元教案
Unit 3 The Generation Gap Teaching Aims: 1.Understanding the main idea (Father meddled in children’s affairs with good intentions ,but only to find his efforts unwelcome) and structure ( three settings,three scense); 2.Appreciate the basic elements of a play; 3.Grasp the key language points in Texts A and learn to use them in context; 4.Understand the cultural background related to the content 5.Conducting a series of theme-related reading, listening, speaking, and writing activities 6.Learn to write poster, etc. Teaching Keypoints: 1.Grasp the main idea of Text A and language points in Text A 2.Cultural background about The Generation Gap; 3.Analysis of the difficult sentences in Text A Teaching Difficulties: 1.Writing strategy and style demonstrated in Text A 2.Learn how to understand the structure of difficult and long sentences Teaching Aids: Teacher-guided, discussion, exercises, group-activities, student-centred Teaching period: 12 classes Teaching Procedure: Step 1Warming up 1.Have students read the overview of page 58, students will understand the main topic of unit3 2.Have students listen to the script of listening part, explain some difficult sentences and phrases, lead them to finish the exercises on page59, check the answer 3.Have students form pairs to interview each other. Step 2 Global analysis of Text A Part Division of the Text Parts Para(s). Main Ideas 1 1~35 In a fast-food restaurant, Father embarrassed Sean by talking too proudly to the restaurant manager. 2 36~108 In the Thompson family dining room, Father embarrassed Diane by persuading a work-mate into pressing his son to ask her to the senior prom. 3 109~130 In an office at Heidi’s high school, Father embarrassed Heidi by boasting to an official about how bright she was. Step 3 Detailed Reading Ⅰ. Difficult Sentences 1. (Title) “Father Knows Better” 1. What does “Father knows better.” mean? (=“Father knows better.” or “Father, you know better than that.” literally means Father wa wise enough not to do something. Actually it does not have this meaning. It means Father was not wise when he meddled with his children’s affairs.)
新世纪大学英语综合教程1翻译答案(全)
(1)这个婴儿还不会爬(crawl)，更不要说走了。(let alone) The baby can’t even crawl yet, let alone walk! (2)威尔声称谋杀案发生时他正在与一群朋友吃饭,但是我认为他在说谎。(claim, in one’s opinion） Will claimed he was dining with a group of friends at the time of the murder, but in my opinion he told a lie. (3)一定程度上阅读速度与阅读技巧密切相关；有了阅读技巧，你就可以更好地应对课外阅读了。(to a certain extent, relate …to …, cope with） To a certain extent the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills; and with reading skills you can cope with outside class reading better. (4)根据规则他俩都可以参加比赛。(according to） According to the regulation/rule, they both can play the game/participate in the game. (5)有些人想当然地认为日语(Japanese)中的每一个词在汉语中都有对应的词语。(assume, equivalent) Some people assume that there is a Chinese equivalent for every Japanese word. (6)我们已将所有的相关信息告知了警方。(relevant) We have passed all relevant information on to the police. (7)关于那件事你问我再多的问题也没用，因为我是不会回答你的。(it’s no use) There is no use asking me any more questions about that matter because I won't answer. (8)事先没有仔细阅读合同(contract)就签了名是吉姆的错误。(on one’s part) It was a mistake on Jim's part to sign the contract without reading it carefully. (9)他们拒绝向我们提供所需要的全部信息。(provide …with) They refused to provide us with all the information we need. (10) 这起事故与三年前发生的一起事故极为相似。(similar to) This accident is very similar to the one that happened three years ago. (11)这部影片是根据莎士比亚的戏剧改编的。(base on) The film is based on a play by Shakespeare (12)如果你的英语和电脑技能都掌握得好，那么你在谋职时就一定比别人更有优势。(have an advantage over) If you have a good command of English and computer skills, you will surely have an advantage over others in finding a job.
新世纪大学英语课文翻译
UNIT1 人在自然界 1) 人类生活在大自然的王国里。他们时刻被大自然所包围并与之相互影响。人类呼吸的空气、喝下的水和摄入的食物，无一不令人类时刻感知到大自然的影响。我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生存。 2) 人类不仅生活在大自然之中，同时也在改变着大自然。人类把自然资源转变为各种文化，社会历史的财富。人类降服并控制了电，迫使它为人类社会的利益服务。人类不仅把各种各样的动植物转移到不同的气候环境，也改变了他生活环境的地貌和气候并使动植物因之而发生转变。 3) 随着社会的发展，人类对大自然的直接依赖越来越少，而间接的依赖却越来越多。我们远古的祖先生活在大自然的威胁及破坏力的恐惧之中，他们常常连基本的生活物资都无法获取。然而，尽管工具不甚完备，他们却能同心协力，顽强工作，并总是有所收获。在与人类的相互作用中，大自然也发生了改变。森林被破坏了，耕地面积增加了。大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。譬如，森林被认为是野性的和令人恐惧的，因此人类便想方设法使其面积缩小。这一切都是打着“文明”的旗号进行的，所谓“文明”，就是人类在哪里建立家园，耕耘土地，哪里的森林就被砍伐。 4) 然而，随着岁月的流逝，人类越来越关注的是在何处得到和如何得到生产所需的不可替代的自然资源的问题。科学与人类改变大自然的实践活动已经使人类意识到了工业在改变地球的进程中对地质产生的重大影响。 5) 目前，人与自然以及自然与社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡，已呈现崩溃的迹象。生物圈中所谓可替代资源的问题变得极为尖锐。人类和社会的需求，即便是简单得像淡水一样的物质，也变得越来越难以满足。清除工业废物的问题也变得日益复杂。 6) 现代技术的特征是生产和使用日益丰富的人工合成产品。人们生产成千上万的人工合成材料。人们越来越多地用尼龙和其他人造纤维把自己从头到脚地包裹起来，这些绚丽的织物显然对他们无益。年轻人或许很少注意到这一点，他们更关注的是外表，而不是健康。但是上了年岁之后，他们就会感受到这种有害的影响。 7) 久而久之，这些合成物质转变成废弃物，那些原本毒性不大的物质在自然循环中变为极其有害的物质。自然科学家和哲学家如今都在问自己这样一个问题：人类对生物圈的破坏难道是无法避免的吗？
新世纪大学英语综合教程第二册教案(全套)
Unit 1 Ⅰ.Teaching objectives Students will be able to: understand the main idea, structure of the text and the author’s writing style master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text consider that “generation gap” as a common phenomenon between parents and children Ⅱ.Topics for discussion Whom do you go for help when you are in trouble, your father or your mother? Why? What is your opinion on “generation gap”? Do you think there is generation gap between you and your parents? How to bridge the gap? Consider the deep reason of generation gap. Ⅲ.An integrated analysis of Text 1 Highlights As a reminiscent writing the text tells of how the author’s newborn baby bridges the gap between her father and herself as he generation gap between her father and herself has existed for so long a time. By telling the reader how the gap disappears the author intends to display that the permanent love between parents and children. Structural analysis of the text and language points The text can be divided into five parts. Part One: (Paragraphs 1) As an introduction, the first paragraph supplies the basic information for the whole story. The following questions could be asked: 1)1)how did the author feel about her trip to Hawaii? 2)2)How could you describe the relationship between the author and her father/ Part Two: (Paragraphs 2-4) The three paragraphs elaborate on how their problems arose from their different personal preferences and how these differences have developed into a kind of “cold war”(silence). It is a flashback into the author’s early years. The second paragraph lists a number of her father’s unreasonable demands in her childhood and adolescent time. The third paragraph is about her option of college and marriage against her father’s will. The fourth paragraph describes the result of their clashes—they are both psychologically and physically set apart. The following questions could be asked: 1)1)Would you please find out what particular demands the father put on the author? 2)2)How did the father express his disapproval? Part Three: (Para. 5-6):In paragraph 5 the author recalls her childhood when she enjoyed her father’s profound love. This recall is important, because it only shows the father is capable of parental love, but also suggests the author’s yearning to turn the clock back and be her father’s little daughter again. Paragraph 6 returns to the present moment when, after long years of estrangement, the author cannot but wonder whether her father will extend his love for his “little daughter” to his crossbred grandson. The following questions could be asked:
新世纪大学英语第二版综合教程1 课文翻译及答案Unit1
优等生的秘诀 1 一位研究教育的老师针对成绩优异的学生做过重点研究，发现最聪明的学生不见得总能得高分。根据这位教授、其他教育专家以及优等生们自己的观点，懂得如何充分发挥自己的潜能对于学生来说更为重要。 2 在班上名列前茅的学生之所以学习优秀，是因为他们掌握了几个基本原则。首先，优等生知道如何决定轻重缓急。他们从来不会为了打电话、看电视或者吃零食而牺牲学习时间。换言之，学习总是摆在娱乐之前。另外，优等生们总是注意随时随地学习。有位成绩优异的学生同时也是优秀的运动员，每天利用户外训练时间背生物学术语。而另一位学生则利用每天早上刷牙时间记一个新单词。所有受访的学生无一例外都认为，在什么时间学习完全是个人偏好问题。有些人在夜深人静时学习效果最好，有些人则喜欢趁着自己还能清晰地记得上课所讲的内容，一放学回家就开始学习。尽管如此，所有优等生都一致认为，如果想任何时候都表现优秀，一个主要的因素就是要持之以恒。 3 学生还必须学会有条理。举个例子，有一位优等生在学校乐队、田径队、橄榄球协会和辩论小组里都很活跃。他透露，他之所以把东西放得井井有条是因为他浪费不起到处找东西的时间。还有一位学生喜欢把当天的笔记马上整理出来并放进用不同颜色标记的文件夹里，以便临近考试时能随时用来复习。优等生们提倡的另一个技巧是有效的阅读，其中包括快速阅读，提高记忆能力以及主动提出问题以便充分理解作者的意思。 4 对于学生们来说，合理安排时间也同样重要。他们必须懂得如何根据每天的时间表和学习能力来安排做作业和项目的速度，不至于让手头的工作压得喘不过气。能制定时间表不仅让学生能够腾出更多时间来复习和完善功课，而且还能防止他们拖拖拉拉。成绩优异的学生认为，他们成功的一大秘诀就是上课时做好笔记，供复习时使用。有个学生透露，她把从课文上摘抄的内容记在笔记本的一边，把课堂笔记写在另一边。这样，就可同时复习到两方面的内容。她还透露，她不会浪费下课铃响前的几分钟跟朋友交头接耳，准备随时冲出教室。相反，她会利用这几分钟用两三句话概括那节课的要点，然后在下次上课前浏览这些笔记，加深印象。 5 老师们提倡的致胜秘诀是尽力让自己的作业整洁。有位老师说，学生交上整洁作业就已向高分迈进了一步。在课堂上大胆发言和提问也同样重要，这或许是学生澄清疑问的最好办法。课堂参与还能反映一个学生的求知欲。有个学生概括得好，“好成绩来自透彻的理解”。
Unit6 全新版大学英语教案
New Horizon College English (Book 4)
I. Warm-up activities 1.Background information Chrysler Corporation (A) The Chrysler Corporation, founded in 1924, used to be one of the three largest American automobile manufacturers whose brands include both passenger and commercial vehicles such as Chrysler, Jeep? and Dodge. The two other largest American automobile manufacturers are General Motors and Ford. Chrysler Corporation (B) In addition to auto making, Chrysler is also engaged in financial services, providing loan services (mostly) to car buyers. In 1998 it merged with Daimler-Benz AG (of Germany) (best known for its Mercedes-Benz brand name) to become part of the DaimlerChrysler Corporation, which is jointly owned by European, U.S. and other international investors. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) (A) A U.S. government agency, whose mission is to protect investors and maintain the integrity of the securities markets. The Commission was set up by the U.S. Congress in 1933 in response to “Black Monday”, the Great Stock Market Crash in 1929. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) (B) Its purpose was to restore investor confidence in the U.S. capital markets by providing more structure and government oversight. It is based on the concept that all investors, whether large institutions or private individuals, should have access to certain basic facts about an investment prior to buying it. To achieve this, the SEC requires public companies to disclose meaningful financial and other information to the public, which provides a common pool of knowledge for all investors to use to judge for themselves if a company’s securities are a good investment. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) (C) It is believed that only through the steady flow of timely, comprehensive and accurate information can people make sound investment decisions. At present the SEC is comprised of five presidentially-appointed Commissioners, four Divisions and 18 Offices, with a total of about 3,100 staff. The International Chamber of Commerce (A) The aim of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), founded in 1919, is to serve world business by promoting trade and investment, open markets for goods and services, and the free flow of capital. The International Chamber of Commerce (B) Its activities cover a broad spectrum, from arbitration and dispute resolution to making the case for open trade and the market economy system, business self-regulation, fighting corruption or combating commercial crime. The ICC is made of a World Council (its governing body) and individual national committees and groups. Individual companies, corporations, professional associations as well as individuals can also join the ICC as individual members. 2.Questions and answers 1)-Why do business students study professional ethics? People feel that bribery is increasing throughout the world. One day, business students will grow into managers of all ranks and in all fields. If they should offer or take bribes in their positions, corruption and unfair competition would result. In that case, normal economic order would be ruined, and people in business circles would have no commonly agreed principles to follow. To