薄冰高中英语语法之3·冠词

薄冰高中英语语法之3·冠词
薄冰高中英语语法之3·冠词

薄冰高中英语语法之三

冠词

主编薄冰

执行主编庄志琳葛炳芳田绍慧山西教育出版社2014年最新版

出版人雷俊林

出版策划苗补坤

责任编辑张荣荣

ISBN 978-7-5440-5630-4

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丨学英语,凭什么让我学语法吗???

不时听到一些青年问道:学英语一定要学语法吗?语法应该怎么学呢?我们就这两个问题简单地谈一点个人意见。

对中国学生来说,尤其是成年人,我看是学点语法好。语法,顾名思义,乃是语言的法则和规律。学习语法,尤其是一些基本法则,至少有下列几个好处:第一可以使你学得快些,因为已有现成的前人总结的法则,用不着你从头摸索。

第二可以使你学得透些,因为通过语法对语言现象不仅可以知其然,而且可以知其所以然。

第三可以使你学得准些,因为语法法则就是一条条准绳,可以用以衡量一句话是否正确。

第四语法不但可以引你入门,更可以引你入胜,使你逐渐眼界开阔,语感加深,从而使你的英语水平不断提高。

丨那么应该如何学习语法呢?

我认为在学习语法过程中,应该注意下面几点:

第一基本概念最重要。在学习每个语法项目时,一定要把它的基本概念搞清,牢记在心。

第二要大量地实践,大量地练习。实践要包括听、说、读、写四个方面,练习要着重说和写。

第三学习语法时,应多用比较法。如对动词时态、冠词、介词、名词的单、复数等较难的语法项目进行相互比较,效果就比较好。

第四要将语法法则与习惯用法分开。碰到习惯用法,就不必钻牛角尖,进行徒劳的分析。而习惯用法在英语中则是大量地存在着的。

第五将一本语法书通读一遍,当然也不无好处。但最好将它作为工具书,像词典一样地经常查阅,始能学得比较细致牢靠。

第六实用英语语法只应是入门的向导,像一根拐棍一样。英语达到一定水平之后,就应将它扔掉。起码不要让许多语法条条充斥头脑,影响你说和写的流利性。

最后可能还会有人说,语法应该学,就是太枯燥。我的感觉是:开头有点枯燥,过些时候,就会像嚼橄榄似的,越学越有味了。如若不信,请试试看。

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薄冰高中英语语法之·冠词

目 录

3—1 冠词的类别

不定冠词

定冠词

3—2 不定冠词的用法

3—3 定冠词的用法

3—4 零冠词的用法

3—5 冠词的省略

3—6 冠词的位置

不定冠词的位置

定冠词的位置

3—7 冠词的习语

3—8 单元练习

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Unit 3冠 词

冠词(Article )是放在名词前面,帮助说明名词含义的虚词。它是英语词性中最小的一类,只有三个:不定冠词(a ;an )和定冠词(the )两种。

3-1 冠词的类别

[1] 不定冠词

表示某一类人或事物中的“任何一个”,有泛指的意思,相当于中文中的“一个”,但有时不一定要翻译出来。其中a 用于辅音音素开头的词前,而an 用于元音音素开头的词前。 不定冠词只能用在单数的可数名词前。

注意:

用a 或an 不是取决于它后面的一个单词的第一个字母,而取决于它的第一个音素。如: an hour 一个小时 an English car 一辆英国汽车

a useful machine 一台有用的机器 a beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女孩

[2] 定冠词

指特定的人或事物,相当于this 或that 。如:

Turn on the light , please. 请打开灯。

Do you see the pen? 你看到那支钢笔了吗?

3-2 不定冠词的用法

(1) 用于可数名词的单数形式前表示人或事物的某一种类。如:

My mother is a teacher. 我母亲是位老师。

Do you want an apple? 你要吃苹果吗?

A bike is useful in China. 自行车在中国很有用。

(2) 指某人或某事,但不具体说明是哪一个人或哪一件事。如:

A teacher is reading at the reading room now. 一位老师正在阅览室看书。

(3) 表示“一”。如:

I have a pen , a pencil and a book. 我有一支钢笔、一支铅笔和一本书。

(4) 用在序数词前表“又,再”。如:

I have finished a third letter.

我又完成了一封信。 (指在完成了两封信后又写了一封。)

They will build a fourth bridge on the Changjiang River.

他们在长江上还要造一座桥。(指已经造了三座后,再造一座。)

试题解析:

The cakes are delicious. He'd like to have ______ third one because ______ second one is rather too small.

A. a ;a

B. the ;the

C. a ;the

D. The ;a

【答案选C 】当序数词表示顺序时前面要加定冠词修饰;当表示“又一”、“再一”时,前面用不定冠词修饰。从句意“蛋糕很好吃,他想再吃一块,因为他吃的第二块太小了”可

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知,a third one 表示要再吃一个,而the second one 是指刚刚吃过的第二个 。

(5) 用在数量、时间等名词前,表示“每一(单位)……的价格、速度、顺序等”,相当于per 。如:

The train goes at 160 km an hour. 火车以每小时160千米的速度行驶。

Take the medicine three times a day. 这药每天服3次。

(6) 用在人名或表示人的名词前,表示不确定性,即说话人不清楚或没有指明所提到的人到底是谁。如:

A Smith called you just now. 刚才有个叫史密斯的人给你打电话。

试题解析:

A comrade is waiting for you outside. 有位同志在外面等你。

I knew ______ John Lennon ,but not ______ famous one.

A. /;a

B. a ;the

C. a ;/

D. the ;a

【答案选B 】a John Lennon 一个叫John Lennon 的人,是泛指。

(7) 用于be of a (an )+noun. 结构,表示“相同……的”。如:

Tom and his sister are of a height. 汤姆和他的妹妹身高相同。

These sweaters are of a size. 这些毛衣大小相同。

试题解析:

The two girls were ______ the same age.

A. at

B. of

C. on

D. with

【答案选B 】复数名词+be of+the same+抽象含义的名词,表示主语“有相同的……”。如:They are of the same height / weight.

(8) 用于抽象名词和物质名词前,表示“一种,一场,一次,一阵”或“一份”等意义时,要在前面加上不定冠词a 或an 。如:

Would you please give us an explanation? 你能不能给我们解释一下呢?

I want an ice cream. 我要一份冰淇淋。

It's a wonderful coffee. 这是一种很好的咖啡。

a heavy rain 一场大雨 a heavy snow 一场大雪

a heavy smoke 一阵浓烟 a good sweat 大汗淋漓

a thick fog 一场大雾 a good light 光线充足

a great fire 一场大火 a clear sky 天空晴朗

(9) 用于表示某一家庭成员或某一名人的作品。如:

A Forsyte was kidnapped yesterday. 昨天福氏家族的一个成员被绑架了。 There's a Rembrandt in her collection. 她的收藏品中有一幅伦勃朗的画。

I have read a new Welles recently. 最近我读了韦尔斯的一部新作。

(10) 用于表示某一品质或情绪的具体事件、人物或东西的抽象名词前。如:

He did me a great kindness. 他帮了我一个大忙。

The English evening was really a great success. 这次英语晚会很成功。

It's a pleasure to talk with you. 和你谈话是件愉快的事。

She is a disappointment to us. 她令我们很失望。

试题解析:

Many people agree that ______ knowledge of English is a must in ______ international trade today.

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A. a ;/

B. the ;an

C. the ;the

D. /;the

【答案选A 】knowledge 为不可数名词,但特指某一学科的知识时,要用不定冠词a ;international trade (国际商务)为抽象名词,且泛指所有的国际商务。

(11) 用于某些固定词组中。如:

a lot (of ) 许多 a pair of 一双 a glass of 一杯 have a good time 玩得很高兴 in a hurry 匆匆 in a minute 马上 after a while 一会儿 all of a sudden 突然 as a rule 通常

as a matter of fact 事实上 to have a cold 感冒了 to have a rest 休息一会儿

in a word 总而言之 take a walk 散步 at a time 一次 a little 一些(修饰不可数名词) a few 一些(修饰可数名词)

注意:

不定冠词用于固定结构quite / half /rather / many / what / such a (an )+noun.,或so / too / how +ad j.+ a (an ) + noun.中,表示程度、数量或感叹等。如: He's quite a famous artist. 他是个很有名的艺术家。

Many a man would welcome such an opportunity.

许多人对有这样一个机会感到很高兴。

What a fool he is?选 他多傻啊!

It's too difficult a problem for him. 对他来说,这是一个太难的问题。

试题解析:

1. —I'd like ______ information about the management of your hotel ,please.

—Well ,you could have ______ word with the manager. He might be helpful.

A. some ;a

B. an ;some

C. some ;some

D. an ;a

【答案选A 】information 为不可数名词,而have a word with sb. 是固定结构。

2. —What happened?

—They left in such ______ hurry that they forgot to lock ______ door.

A. a ;a

B. a ;the

C. /;the

D. / ;a

【答案选B 】 in a hurry 为固定搭配,“匆忙地”;根据题意第二个空的“忘记锁门”应是特指。

3-3 定冠词的用法

(1) 用于特指某些人或某些事物。如:

The bag in the desk is mine. 桌子里的书包是我的。

Is this the book you are looking for? 这是你要找的书吗?

Do you know the man in black? 你认识穿黑色衣服的那个人吗?

(2) 用于指上文提到过的人或物。如:

I have a book. The book is very interesting. 我有一本书。这本书很有趣。

I bought a book from Xinhua bookshop. The book costs 15yuan.我从新华书店买了一本书,花了15元。

I saw a film yesterday.The film was ended at eight o'clock.

我昨天看了一场电影。电影是八点钟结束的。

(3) 用于谈话双方都知道的人或事物之前。如:

—Mary , will you pass me the pen? 玛丽,你能把钢笔递给我吗?

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—Sure. 好的。

How do you like the TV play? 你觉得那部电视剧怎么样?

(4) 用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如:

The earth turns around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。

I can see a bird in the sky. 我能看到天空中有一只小鸟。

I like to have a walk with the bright moonlight in the evening.

我喜欢晚上在明亮的月光下散步。

试题解析:

I played ______ tennis with Mary yesterday evening. It was really ______ enjoyable game. We stopped playing only after ______ sun had set.

A. a ;a ;/

B. /;a ;the

C. the ;/;the

D. /;an ;the

【答案选D 】第一个空中,球类运动和棋类名词前通常不用冠词;第二个空表示一种有趣的活动,应为泛指;第三个空指独一无二的事物前,用定冠词the 。

(5) 用于序数词前。如:

I am the first one to come. 我是第一个来的。

June is the sixth month of the year. 6月是一年中的第6个月。

She is in the fourth group. 她在第4组。

试题解析:

Paper money was in ______ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ______ thirteenth century.

A. the ;/

B. the ;the

C. /;the

D. /;/

【答案选C 】in use 是固定搭配,不用冠词,而thirteenth 是序数词,要用定冠词the 。

(6) 用在表示方位的名词前。如:

The city lies in the west of the country. 这个城市位于这个国家的西面。

I saw a plane coming from the east. 我看见一架飞机从东方飞来。

I still remember the mountains in the north , locked in snow and ice. 我还记得北方那冰雪封住的群山。

试题解析:

Summers in ______ south of France are for ______ most part dry and sunny.

A. /;a

B. the ;/

C. /;/

D. the ;the

【答案选B 】south 为方位名词,在此之前加定冠词the ,而most part 泛指法国南部的大部分地区。

(7) 用于形容词或副词的最高级前(副词前常常省略)。如:

She is the most careful girl in class. 她是班上最认真的女孩。

The Pacific Ocean is the biggest ocean on the earth. 太平洋是地球上最大的海洋。 Jacelin works the hardest in his class. 杰斯林在他班上学习最努力。

(8) 在复数姓氏前加the ,表示“……一家人”,常看做复数。如:

The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer. 布朗一家今年夏天要到上海去度假。

The Whites are kind to me. 怀特夫妇对我很好。

(9) 用于普通名词构成的专有名词前,即国名、组织机构、建筑物、报纸、会议、条约等的名称前,要用定冠词。如:

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I will go to the Summer Palace tomorrow. 明天我将去颐和园。

We will do whatever the Party calls us to do. 我们会做党让我们所做的一切。 the National People's Congress 全国人民代表大会

the Great Hall of the People 人民大会堂

the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国

试题解析:

The most important thing about cotton in history is ______ part that it played in ______ Industrial Revolution.

A. /;/

B. the ;/

C. the ;the

D. a ;the

【答案选 C 】the part 特指在工业革命中所起的作用;the Industrial Revolution 工业革命,是专有名词。

(10) 用于演奏的乐器、文艺活动和运动场所等的名称前。如:

She likes to play the piano ,while he likes to play the violin.

她喜欢弹钢琴,而他喜欢拉小提琴。

They are going to the cinema tonight. 他们今晚要去看电影。

The theater was on fire last week. 剧院上周着火了。

(11) 用于单数可数名词前表示类别。如:

The dog is not too dangerous. 狗不太危险。

The cat is an animal. 猫是一种动物。

The umbrella in the shop is very cheap in this season.这个季节商店里的雨伞很便宜。 试题解析:

The warmth of ______ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ______ wool used.

A. the ;the

B. the ;/

C. /;the

D. /;/

【答案选B 】the sweater 是指毛线衫的种类,而a / the sort of 后接不加冠词的单数名词。

(12) 用于报刊,杂志等名称的名词之前。如:

I am reading China Daily now. 我现在正读《中国日报》。

Have you got the Evening Paper yet? 你拿到《晚报》了吗?

The Times is a foreign newspaper. 《泰晤士报》是一家外国报纸。

The Peking Review is on the desk. 《北京周报》在桌子上放着。

(13) 用在江、河、湖、海、山脉、运河、群岛及沙漠的名词前。如:

We live near the Yellow River. 我们住在黄河边上。

The Changjiang River is the biggest one in China. 长江是中国最大的河。

The Himalayas is located in Tibet. 喜马拉雅山位于西藏。

(14) 用于形容词或分词前表示一类人、事物或活动。如:

The wounded were brought to the hospital. 受伤者被送到了医院。

He always helps the poor. 他经常帮助穷人。

The new is not always good. 新生事物不总都是好的。

(15) 用于固定短语中。如:

in the box behind the chair in the morning / afternoon / evening on the right / left at the front / back of in the middle

on the other side of in the park

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注意:

“定冠词+形容词”表示一类人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如:

The young are always eager to learn everything.

年轻人总是热切地想学一切东西。

“定冠词+形容词”表示一类事或物,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如: The unexpected always happens on him. 在他身上总有意想不到的事发生。 试题解析:

I don't like talking on ______ telephone. I prefer writing ______ letters.

A. a ;the

B. the ;/

C. the ;the

D. a ;/

【答案选B 】talk on the phone 打电话;而“我更喜欢写信”,这里的信不是特指。

3-4 零冠词的用法

(1) 表示某一类人或事物的复数名词前。如:

Now people are living a happy life. 现在人们过着幸福的生活。

Trees are planted everywhere. 现在到处种树。

试题解析:

Most animals have little connection with ______ animals of ______ different kind unless they kill them for food.

A. the ;a

B. /;a

C. the ;the

D. /;the

【答案选B 】animals of a different kind 不同种类的动物,这儿的不同种类动物是泛指这一种类的所有动物,而不同种类则为a different kind 。

(2) 专有名词(地名、国名、学科等),表示泛指的物质名词和抽象名词前。如: We are studying English. 我们正在学习英语。

He is leaving for America this year. 他今年要到美国去。

It is pleasant to walk in soft snow. 在松软的雪上散步很惬意。

Love is always stronger than hatred. 爱总比恨深。

China is one of the largest countries in the world. 中国是世界上最大的国家之一。 I think water is a kind of food , too. 我认为水也是一种食物。

Cotton feels soft. 棉花摸起来柔软。

(3) 名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如:

I like this picture better. 我更喜欢这幅画。

Is that your book? 那是你的书吗?

Take their chairs away ! 把他们的椅子拿走。

I do not have any money on me. 我身上没有带钱。

As time went on , Einstein's theory proved to be correct.随着时间的推移,爱因斯坦的理论被证明是正确的。

(4) 用于季节、月份、星期等名词前。如:

She likes spring while I like summer. 她喜欢春天,而我喜欢夏天。

We have no classes on Saturday. 星期六我们没有课。

The Long March started in October 1934. 长征是1934年10月开始的。

New Year's Day is coming. 新年就要到啦。

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Today is the first day of May. 今天是5月的第一天。

试题解析:

On October 1,the Chinese people celebrated ______ with new achievements and victories.

A. National Day

B. the National Day

C. our National Day

D. a National Day

【答案选A 】在节日、星期几、月份、季节等名词前,通常不用冠词。

(5) 用于人名 、呼语及头衔的名词前。如:

Jack beat Tom to win the game. 杰克在游戏中战胜了汤姆。

Good morning , Mum! 妈妈,早上好!

The guards took the American to General Howe ,commander of the British forces. 卫兵们把这个美国人送到英军司令豪将军那里去。

试题解析:

Henry was made ______ captain of the team.

A. /

B. the

C. a

D. an

【答案选A 】表示唯一的或双方都清楚的职位或头衔,不使用冠词。如:monitor ,chairman ,president ,head 等。

(6) 用于三餐饭的名词前。如:

When do you have lunch? 你们什么时候吃午饭?

After supper we usually take a walk. 晚饭后我们通常去散步。

试题解析:

I go to work very early. I don't usually have ______ breakfast ,but I always eat ______ good supper.

A. /;a

B. /;/

C. the ;/

D. /;the

【答案选A 】在表示三餐的短语中通常不用冠词;但是特指的“一种,一顿”,则要用不定冠词。

(7) 用于节假日等名词前,但festival 前要加the 。如:

Children all wear their best clothes on National Day. 孩子们在国庆节穿上他们最漂亮的衣服。

People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day. 圣诞节人们互相交换礼物。 The children are looking forward to the Spring Festival. 孩子们盼望春节。

应当注意:eve 后有of 短语时,则要加定冠词。如:

on the eve of National Day 国庆节前夕

on the eve of New Year's Day 新年前夕

(8) 用于球类和棋类运动的名词前。如:

play basketball 打篮球 play chess 下棋

We are going to play basketball this afternoon. 今天下午我们要去打篮球。 We don't like bridge very much. 我们不太喜欢桥牌。

(9) 用在作表语表示程度的形容词最高级前,相当于very +adj. 。如:

Your help was most timely. 你的帮忙很及时。

This method is most effective. 这个方法很有效。

如果有比较的范围,形容词最高级前必须加定冠词。如:

Of all methods ,this is the most effective.

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在所有的方法中,这个是最有效的。

(10) 用于某些固定词组。如:

on foot in fact as a matter of fact on business

in class in church in danger in hospital

in town in bed at home at school

at daybreak at sunrise at dusk at sunset

at night at noon go to school go to class

go to bed at war in debt in prison in trouble on holiday at sea from victory to victory from door to door from morning till night by train / boat / plane... 试题解析:

1. Mr Smith ,there's a man at ______ front door who says he has ______ news for you of great importance.

A. the ;/

B. the ;the

C. /;/

D. /;the

【答案选A 】在前门口,是指说话双方都知道的前门,故用定冠词the ,而news 为不可数名词,且为泛指。

2. He was once thrown into ______ prison for nothing.

A. a

B. /

C. the

D. an

【答案选B 】prison 作“监狱”讲时,前面不用冠词,如:in prison 。

3-5 冠词的省略

有时名词前无冠词,但并非不用冠词,而是省去了不定冠词或定冠词。在下列情况下冠词可省略。

(1) 避免重复。如:

The lightning flashed and thunder crashed. 电闪雷鸣。(thunder 前省去the 。) The noun is the name of a person or thing.

名词是人或物的名称。(thing 前省去a 。)

(2) 可省去句首的定冠词the 。如:

Class is dismissed. 下课了。

Fact is that they do not know him. 事实是他们并不认识他。

(3) 在the next day (morning ,etc. )等短语中,定冠词the 常省去。如:

Next day they went to London together early.

第二天,他们很早就一起到伦敦去了。

The circus is coming here next week. 马戏团下星期来这儿。

(4) 日记体常省去定冠词或不定冠词。如:

Nov. 1. Had sausages for breakfast. Fine day. Walk in morning. Riding horse in afternoon. Chicken for dinner.

11月1日。早餐吃香肠。天气晴朗。上午散步。下午练骑马。晚餐吃鸡。 (Fine day ,Walk 与Riding horse 前省去a ,morning 与afternoon 前省去 the 。)

(5) 报纸标题、图像说明、文章题目、标志和广告等常省去定冠词或不定冠词。如: Worker's Arm Is Saved. 工人的手臂得救了。(报纸标题,Worker 前省去a 。) Daughter-in-law measures up mother-in-law for a new jacket.

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儿媳给婆婆量新衣。(图像说明)

Note on the Study of Shakespear

莎士比亚研究札记(文章题目)

Footpath to Beach 此路通海滩(道路标志)

Girl Wanted 招聘女侍者一名(广告用语)

(6) 在简约文体中,如电报和注释等,常省去定冠词或不定冠词。如:

Your mother is in hospital. Doctor fears end is near. Believe you should return soonest. 你母住院 大夫恐其不久人世 望速归 (电报,Doctor 前省去the 。)

See picture at street. 见词条street 处的图。(注释)

(7) 信函地址常省去定冠词或不定冠词。如:

English Dpt.

Foreign Studies University

Beijing , China

中国北京外国语大学英语系

(8) 口语中也常用简约文体,省去定冠词或不定冠词。如:

I knocked on door and there was no answer.

我敲了敲门,没人应答。(door 前省去the 。)

Sorry. Rotten thing to say. 对不起,我这是废话。

3-6 冠词的位置

[1] 不定冠词的位置

不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。

(1) 位于下列形容词之后: such ,what ,many ,half 。 如:

I have never seen such an animal. 我从来没有见过这样的动物。

Many a man is fit for the job. 许多人适合这份工作。

(2) 形容词前有as ,so ,too ,how ,however ,enough 等修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后,名词之前。如:

It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. 这是我度过的最高兴的一天。

So short a time. 如此短的时间。

Too long a distance. 太长的距离。

(3) quite ,rather 与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。但当rather ,quite 后仍有形容词时,不定冠词放其前后均可。如:

quite a lot 非常多

quite a clever boy = a quite clever boy 非常聪明的男孩

(4) as ,though 引导的让步状语从句,当表语为形容词修饰的名词时,不定冠词放于形容词后。如:

Brave a man though he is ,he trembles at the sight of snakes.

他尽管勇敢,可见到蛇还是发抖。

[2] 定冠词的位置

定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在exactly ,just ,all ,both ,double ,half ,twice ,three times 等词之后,名词之前。如:

That's exactly the phrase I was looking for myself. 这就是我一直找的那个短语。

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It's a wonderful scheme , and he's just the man to put it into effect.

这是一个很好的计划,而他正是实施这个计划的人选。

All the students in the class went out. 班里的所有学生都出去了。

Both the boys have been to London. 两个男孩都去过伦敦。

3-7 冠词的习语

英语中有不少词组,从形式看好像只有冠词之差,而实际上却是意义完全不同的新词组。如:

(1) in front of 在……(外部)的前面

in the front of 在……(内部)的前面

There's a garden in front of the classroom. 在教室前有一个花坛。(花坛在教室外。) There's a blackboard in the front of the classroom.

在教室前面有一块黑板。(黑板在教室里。)

(2) in charge of 掌管,负责

in the charge of 由……负责

An experienced worker is in charge of the project.一个有经验的工人主管这个项目。 The project is in the charge of an experienced worker. 这个项目由一个有经验的工人主管。

(3) at table 在用餐;吃饭时

at the table 在桌旁

He seldom talks at table. 他在吃饭时很少说话。

They sat at the table , talking and laughing. 他们坐在桌子旁边又说又笑。

(4) by day 白天;日间

by the day 按日计

He works in an office by day. 白天他在办公室工作。

Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day. 大城市里的清洁工按天计酬。

(5) take place 发生;举行

take the place 代替;接替

When did this conversation take place? 这个对话发生在什么时候?

Electric train has now taken the place of steam trains in England.

在英国,电气火车现在已经代替了蒸汽火车。

(6) in words 用语言

in a word 总之

Please express your thought in words. 请用语言来表达你的想法。

In a word , I don't trust you. 总而言之, 我不相信你。

(7) at times 有时;不时

at a time 一次

I do feel a little nervous at times. 有时我感到有点不安。

Pass me two bricks at a time. 每次递两块砖给我。

(8) little 少;不多的;几乎没有的 a little 一些;一点点

Hurry up, there's little time left. 赶快,我们没有时间了。

Don't hurry ,you still have a little time. 别急,还有些时间。

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3-8 单元练习

Ⅰ. 选择最佳答案填空。

(1) Oh , John! ______ you gave us!

A. How a pleasant surprise

B. How pleasant surprise

C. What a pleasant surprise

D. What pleasant surprise

(2) Beyond ______ stars , the astronaut said nothing but ______ space.

A. the ;/

B. / the

C. / /

D. the the

(3) ______ terrible weather we've been having these days.

A. How a

B. What a

C. How

D. What

(4) Many people are still in ______ habit of writing silly things in ______ public places.

A. the ; the

B. /;/

C. the /

D. /;the

(5) Wouldn't it be ______ wonderful world if all nations lived in ______ peace with one another?

A. a ;/

B. the /

C. a ; the

D. the ;the

(6) If there were no examination , we should have ______ at school.

A. the happiest time

B. a more happier time

C. much happiest time

D. a much happier time

(7) ______ number of people who learn English as ______ foreign language is more than 750 million.

A. The ;a

B. The the

C. A a

D. A ;the

(8) In summer , you'd wear ______ hat to protect yourself from ______ sun.

A. a ;/

B. the ;/

C. a ;the

D. /; a

(9) We can't live without ______ air.

A. an

B. /

C. the

D. some

(10) —Where's ______ nearest bookstore?

—There's one at ______ end of the street.

A. The; an

B. A; the

C. The; the

D. A;an

Ⅱ. 改错。

(1) Today I visited Smiths.

(2) We will study more subjects the next year.

(3) “I've got pain here. This place hurts ,” the patient said to the doctor.

(4) Take this medicine three times one day.

(5) In some parts of Britain , one person in ten , by age of thirty, has no teeth left. Ⅲ. 将下列句子译成汉语,特别注意冠词的用法。

(1) Put the little plants in the shade so that the sun won't burn them.

(2) We'll hold a meeting in order to explain the forest programme.

(3) Two students met for the first time at the beginning of the term.

(4) I sucked a finger, but the finger I put into my mouth was not the one I had dipped into the cup.

(5) Sometimes , the English spoken in America or Canada or Australia changed ; but sometimes the language spoken in these places stayed the same ,while the language in England changed. Ⅳ. 将下列句子译成英语。

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(2) 月亮绕着地球转。

(3) 那个时候这部电影获得了成功。

(4) 空气很不好。请把窗子打开。

(5) 1906年4月18日凌晨5点13分,旧金山发生了一次可怕的地震。

【参考答案】

Ⅰ.(1) C (2) A (3) D (4) C (5) A (6) D (7) A (8) C (9) B (10) C Ⅱ. (1) Smiths 前加the (2) 去掉the (3) pain 前加a (4) one 改为a (5) age 前加the Ⅲ.(1) 把这些幼芽放在阴凉处以避免阳光灼伤它们。

(2) 我们将举行会议来解释这个造林计划。

(3) 两名学生在开学时第一次见面。

(4) 我吮吸了一个手指,但我伸进口中的那个手指并非是我放进杯中的那一个。

(5) 有时候,在美国、加拿大或澳大利亚的英语口语发生了变化;但有时候,这些国家的口语没有变化,而在英国却变化了。

Ⅳ.(1) During the 1990s , American country music has become more and more popular.

(2) The moon moves round the earth.

(3) The film was a great success at that time.

(4) The air is so bad. Please open the window.

(5) At 5:13 on the morning of April 18th , 1906, the city of San Francisco was shaken by a terrible earthquake.

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高中英语语法练习题-高考精粹 1. Ms Nancy didn't mind at all ______ to the ceremony. A. being not invited B. not being invited C. not inviting D. not to be invited 2. "_____ your meeting is!" he offered them his sincere congratulations. A. How a great success B. What a great success C. How great success D. What great success 3. We must remember that _____fashion is not the most important thing in _______ life. A. /; the B. /; / C. the; / D. the; the 4. It _____ quite a few years _____ the accused was declared innocent and set free. A. was; since B. is; that C. will be; when D. was; before 5. The professor said he could talk on _____ interested the audience. A. any topic B. which topic C. whichever topic D. the topic he thought it 6.Under no circumstance _____ to tell lies to parents. A. children are allowed B. are children allowed C. children will allow D. will children allow 7.Modern science and technology has _____ communication between people far apart. A. made convenient B. made it convenient C. made it convenient for D. made it convenient to 8.I heard that you really had a wonderful time at John's birthday party, _____? A. didn't I B. didn't you C. hadn't you D. will you 9.The great use of school education is not so much to teach you things _____ to teach you the art of learning. A. as B. that C. than D. but 10.No matter how frequently _____ the works of Beethoven always attract a large number of people.

外研社英语必修1&必修2语法总结(精华版)

关于用法,两条黄金原则:a. 非谓语动词不作谓语。 b. 过去分词(done)没有名词性功能(不作主语、宾语)。 (这两本书中主要考查了to do, doing作宾语,doing, done作定语、状语)1.to do, doing 作宾语 (1)后面跟to do 作宾语的动词 hope, agree, dare, decide, determine||begin, start, refuse, prepare,offer||manage,try, aim, forget, remember \choose||seem, pretend, learn, love, hate (可记:希望同意敢决定,开始拒绝备提供,设法瞄准忘记选,似乎假装学爱憎。) e.g. We agreed _ to meet _ here but so far she hasn’t turned up ye t. She pretended _ not to see _me when I passed by. (全国卷) (2)后面跟doing作宾语的动词 give up, enjoy, regret // insist on, practise , finish // put off, avoid , mind (可记:“放弃”“享受”可“后悔”,“坚持”“练习”必“完成”,“延期”“避免”非“介意”动名介宾不能忘掌握它们你必明。) e.g. Would you mind waiting a few minutes? They are looking forward to Mary’s coming 2.doing & done 作定语 (何为定语?“定”------“界定、限定”,也就是修饰限定名词的,名词在句子中作主语宾语,所以定语修饰主语或宾语) (还记得吗?作定语时,单个的分词放在所修饰的名词前;若是分词短语则要放在所修饰的名词之后) e.g.running water Do you know the three children walking towards us broken heart/ The heart broken by him is dead. 3.doing & done 作状语 (何为状语来?“状”------“状况”,也就是说明动作发生的状况,例如动作发生的时间、地点、原因、目的、条件、造成的结果等。也就是在句子中修饰谓语动词) (还记得吗?现在分词作状语有“一个中心,两个基本点”。一个中心:句子前后的逻辑主语要一致。两个基本点是:一般式&完成式。看笔记。) e.g. Walking in the street, I came across an old friend. (为什么用现在式,会分析吗) Having finished the homework, he went home. (为什么用完成式,会分析吗) 注意:1)无论作什么成分,to do 一般表示将来,doing表示主动进行,done表示被动完成。 2)分词作定语和状语的时候可以转化成相应的从句(因为他们都是从句转化来的): 例如上面例句:Do you know the three children walking towards us (会转化成定语从句吗) Walking in the street, I came across an old friend. (会转化成状语从句吗?试试看) 3)分词作定语和状语要学会跟with的复合结构联系起来。(自己看看笔记)(二)“帽子词”冠词 “冠”者、“帽子”也,冠词也就是“帽子词”。到底是谁的帽子呢?是名词的帽子!也就是说冠词永远放在名词的前面,不能单独使用。在考试过程中,经常会考查定冠词和零冠词(不用冠词的地方)的用法。 1.定冠词的常考用法 (1). 表示世界上独一无二的东西 the sun, the earth, the capital, the sky, the universe (2) . 用在由普通名词构成的国家、党派等专有名词前以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛的名词前。 the United States, the Communist Party of China, the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, (3). 用在序数词、形容词最高级前。 the second story, the largest room, the third longest river (4)用在方位名词前或某些表示时间的词组或习惯语中。 on the left, in the east / west, in the morning, on the other hand, in the end (5). 用在形容词或分词前表示一类人。 the poor / rich / dying / young / living / wounded (6). 在姓氏复数形式前,表示全家人或夫妇二人。 The Smiths are sitting at the breakfast table (7). 弹奏国外乐器时,乐器名词前 Do you like to play the piano or the violin? 2.零冠词的用法 (1). 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前 China , America, John, Air is a matter. Failure is the mother of success. (2). 季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐名称前 spring, summer, autumn / fall, winter, Sunday, October, National Day (3)表示头衔的名词作表语、宾语补足语及同位语时 He was made monitor. George W. Bush is president of the USA. (4). 学科名词,球类、棋类名词前 Do you study mathematics? He likes playing football / chess. (5). 在与by连用的交通工具名称前 by car( bus, train, water, air, land)

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