八年级下册英语第一单元讲义

Unit 1 What’s the matter?

第一部分：重点语法讲解：

1. Should 用法：should 是情态动词词，意思是“应该，应当”表示劝告，建议或命令。没有人称和数的变化形式，后面接动词原形。

(1)You should drink much water.

(2)否定句: You should not drink much water.

(3)—It’s cold outside. Should I close the window?

—Yes, you should. No, you should not.

2. 我们学到的用英语提建议的句型还有：

(1) Shall I /we +do sth ?

(2) Let’s do sth.

(3) What/how about doing sth?

(4) Why not do sth= Why don’t you do sth ?

(5) You’d/ we’d better (not )do sth?

3. 跟踪练习题

一．单项选择：

1. —_________ we go to visit the Great Wall tomorrow?

—Good idea.

A. Shall

B. Will

C. Must

D. May

2. Let’s __________ a party this Sunday at school.

A. to have

B. have

C. having

D. had

3. What __________helping her with her English?

A. to

B. of

C. about

D. finish

4. Why not ___________ your homework on time?

A. to finish

B. finishing

C. finished

D. finish

5. If you have a headache, I think you __________ see a doctor.

A. will

B. shall

C. should

D. can

二．按要求改写句子，每空一词。

1. You shouldn’t eat anything for 24 hours. (改为同义句)

You ___________ eat ____________ for 24 hours.

2. You’d better ask for her help. (改为否定句)

You’d better _____________ ___________ her for help.

3. She should stay in bed for a day or two. (就划线部分提问)

____________ ___________ she _____________?

第二部分：课文重点内容讲解

Section A

What’s the matter?

1.matter

名词：“问题，事情”I have a matter to discuss with you.

动词：“要紧，关系重大”It doesn’t matter.

中考

—I am sorry. I broke your tea cup.

—___________.

A. It doesn’t matter

B. You’d better not

C. Take it easy

D. I t’s too bad

2. What’s the matter? 常用来询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了什么麻烦等，其后可以接with sb/sth.

What the matter with Mary? =Wha t’s wrong with you? =What’s the trouble with you? trouble 前可以加the 或形容词性物主代词，wrong前不加任何修饰词。

中考

—__________?

—I have a headache and I don’t feel like eating anything.

A. How are you

B. What can I do for you

C. What’s the matter with you

D. How do you like it

I have a cold.

1. have 实意动词“吃，喝”

2.“have +a/an +表示生病的名词”意为：“得了……病”have a fever, have a cough, have a headache, have a sore throat

注意: have a cold 和catch a cold, get a cold, take a cold “都可以用来表示伤风，感冒”have a cold 表示“感冒”的状态，与一段时间连用，而catch/ get/ take 都表示瞬间动作，不能与时间段连用。

eg：—How long have you had a cold?

—I have had a cold for six days. (T)

—How long have you caught a cold? (F)

I have a sore back.

1. 表达“疼痛”的办法：

(1). have a sore +身体部位I have a sore leg.

(2). have a +身体部位+ache She has a toothache.

(3). have a +病症I have a cold.

(4). 身体部位+hurt(s) His hands hurts badly.

(5). have a pain in /on the +身体部位I have a pain in the arm.

2. ache 和sore 区别

(1) ache 名词，通常指连续的，局部的疼痛。常与表示身体部位的名词合成一个新词，表

示“……疼痛”。Mary has a headache.

(2) sore 形容词，意为：“疼的，痛苦的”常放在表示身体部位的名词前，与其构成名词短语。I have a sore throat.

Foot

1.名词，脚，复数形式是：feet. A dog has four feet.

2.名词，英尺。This fish is one foot long.

3.名词，底部。At the foot of …在……底部The village is at the foot of the mountain. She talked too much yesterday and didn’t drink enough water.

1. too much 和much too 区别

(1) too much 的中心词是much, 用法与much 同。

①做形容词，意思是“太多”，修饰不可数名词。You eat too much meat today.

②做代词，意思是：“太多（……）代替前面提到过的不可数名词。I’m sorry I have to now.

I have too much to do at home.

③做副词，修饰动词（如talk, thank, walk, work等）放在这些词的后面或者是放在这些词的宾语的后面做状语, 意思是“过分，太”。My parents always worry about me too much.

You talked too much.

(2)much too 的中心词是too, 用法与too相同，用来修饰形容词或者是副词的原级。

eg：The coat is much too expensive. I can’t afford it.

He walked much too fast. I couldn’t keep up with him at all.

中考：

—The meat is __________ delicious.

—Yes, but don’t eat __________.

A. too much, too much

B. much too; too much

C. too much; much too

D. much too; much too

2. enough, 在这里是形容词，“足够的”修饰名词water.

enough 还可以做副词，“足够地”My son is old enough to go to school.

enough, 还可以做代词“足够”I have had enough, thank you.

注意：enough 做副词时，总是要放在被修饰词的后面；做形容词修饰名词时，可以放在名词前面也可以放在名词后面。

enough 修饰形容词或者是副词一定要后置。

中考：

—How do you like the talk show?

—I think it’s _________, but some people think it’s so __________.

A. wonderful enough; bored

B. enough wonderful; boring

C. wonderful enough; boring

D. enough wonderful; boring

Lie down and rest.

1.lie 做“躺，躺下；位于”讲时是不规则动词。另外lie 做“撒谎，说谎”讲时，为规

eg: The boy who lay there just now told a lie. He lied that his school lay in the north of the city. (规则的说谎，不规则的躺。

中考: Isn’t it strange that the cat is used to ________(lie) beside the dog peacefully?

2. rest

(1) 名词，“休息”have a rest I had a good rest last night.

(2) 动词，“休息，放松”The doctor told me to rest.

Drink some hot tea with honey.

with 是一个介词，意思是“有，带有”China is a country with long history.

with 还有以下几种用法

(1)“用，”表示使用某种工具或手段等。She is writing with a pen.

(2)“和……在一起”表示陪伴。Can you go with me?

(3)“随着，与……同时”The shadow moves with the sun.

(4)“有，带有，具有”a girl with red hair

中考：

—I’d like a cup of black coffee. What about you, Maggie?

—I prefer coffee _________ sugar.

A. than

B. for

C. with

D. to

My head feel very hot.

feel, 感官动词

Maybe you have a fever.

maybe 和maybe 区别

You need to take breaks away from the computer.

1. need 用法

2. take breaks 相当于take a break 或者是have a break.

At 9:00 a.m. yesterday, bus No. 26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road.

See sb do sth “看见某人做过某事”强调看见事情发生的全过程，表示动作的完整性和真实性。I saw him walk in the garden yesterday.

See sb doing sth “看见某人正在做某事”强调动作的连续性和进行性。I saw Mary reading English book just now.

中考：When I walked past the park, I saw some people ________ Chinese Taiji.

A. do

B. did

C. doing

D. are doing

The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping, stopped the bus without thinking twice.

1.24-year-old 是一个合成形容词，做定语，放在被修饰词前。不论前面的数词是几，后

面的名词上不加s.

a 100-meter- high building

2. stop to do sth /stop doing sth

He expected most or all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus.

expect 用法

1. expect +名词或代词I’m expecting a call from her.

2. expect to do sth She expects to get high marks in this exam.

3. expect sb to do sth He expects her to go with him.

4. expect +that 从句I expect that he will come next week.

中考：

—You look sad. What has happened?

—Everyone ________ us to win the match, but we lost.

A. expects

B. expected

C. hopes

D. hoped

But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him.

1.surprise

(1) 名词，“惊讶，惊奇的事”He gave me a big surprise by appearing in front of me. To one’s surprise,使某人惊讶的是……

(2) 动词，“使惊讶，感到意外”Meeting him here surprised me a lot.

(3) 形容词形式: surprised/surprising

2. agree用法

(1) agree to do sth “同意做某事”My mom agreed to buy me a computer.

(2) agree with sb “同意某人的观点”I totally agree with you.

(3) agree on sth “就某事达成一致”We agree on the question.

中考：

—I think drinking milk every morning is good _________ our health.

—Yes, I agree _________ you.

A. to; to

B. with; to

C. at; with

D. for; with

跟踪练习题

一．根据句意用所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. —How many __________(foot) does a dog have? —Four.

2. When I got home, I saw my sister __________ (lie) on the sofa and watching TV.

3. It’s a good habit to brush our ___________(tooth ) twice a day.

4. I don’t expect you ____________(finish) it before school. But you must try your best.

5. —We plan to go there and give them a hand.

—I agree __________(join) you.

二．按要求改写下列句子。

1. What’s wrong with the poor cat? (改为同义句)

___________ ____________ _____________ _______________ the poor cat?

2. Please have a break in the room.

Please ___________ ____________ in the room.

3. The boy should go to a doctor. (就划线部分提问)

_____________ _____________ the boy _____________?

4. I saw your sister was dancing when I passed. (改为同义句)

I saw ___________ ____________ _____________ when I passed.

5. Mary often has a headache. (改为一般疑问句并做否定回答)

___________ Mary often ____________ a headache? ___________, she _____________. 三．根据汉语，完成英语句子，每空一词。

1. 我认为我们的作业实在太多了。

I think we have ______________ _______________ homework.

2. 他累了，他想躺下休息。

He was tired; he wanted to ___________ ___________ and rest.

3. 我喜欢喝加牛奶的咖啡。

I’d like to drink coffee _____________ _____________.

4. 这位老人在下一站下车。

The old man wants to _____________ ___________ at the next station.

5. 这条裙子太贵了，我买不起。

The dress is ____________ ____________. I can’t afford it.

Section B

Someone got hit on the head.

1. someone 不定代词。不定代词的用法

2. get hit 为系表结构,“get hit +in/on +the +身体部位”表示某人某部位受伤。The soldier got hit in the shoulder.

这一句型相当于：hit sb on on/in the +身体部位The stone hit him on the head.

3. hit 表示“轰动一时的成功的人或事”The song was a hit at once.

He hurt himself in P.E class. 他上体育课时受伤了。

1. hurt 用法

(1). 动词：to cause physical pain to sb/yourself; to injure sb/ yourself 使疼痛，受伤，过去式: hurt, 过去分词: hurt.

eg: Mary hurt herself when she was playing basketball. /My leg hurts.

(2). 形容词：

①injured physically (身体上)受伤的，No people were hurt.

②感情上受伤的，相当于upset. She was deeply hurt that she was not invited.

2.himself 为反身代词。在句子中常做同位语或宾语。强调主语自身发出的动作，因此反

身代词应该和句子的主语在人称上保持一致。

He is going to buy himself a new computer. (做宾语)

I myself did this work. (做同位语)

3. 反身代词一览表Array

中考：

It’s very important for us to learn for us to learn how to learn by___________.

A. ourselves

B. itself

C. myself

D. themselves

have problems breaking 呼吸困难

have problems (in ) doing sth = have difficulty (in ) doing sth = have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难

I have problems (in) learning English.

Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing.

定语从句

1. ①My mother is a nurse who/that works in a hospital.

②That girl who/that is in red is my English teacher.

总结：

①定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。（做名词或代词定语的句子）

②在定语从句中，被修饰的名词或代词叫做现行词，引导定语从句的词叫做关系代词或关系副词。

③关系代词有：who, that, whom, which, whose在句子中做主语，宾语或定语。关系副词有：where, when, why, how在句子中作状语

④先行词是人，关系代词在句子中做主语时，关系代词用who/that

⑤翻译技巧：英翻汉：先翻从句汉翻英：先翻主句

练习题：The men who/that are repairing the road are making the noise.

The girl who/that is talking with Mary is my English teacher.

2. ①The bird which/that is singing on the tree is mine.

②The dog which/that is carrying a basket is mine.

总结：在定语从句中，如果先行词是物，并且关系代词在句子中做主语时，关系代词用which/that.

练习：The rabbit which/that lives on the moon is Changer’s.

The book which/that is on the desk is Mary’s.

3. I saw a student whom /who/that I taught last year.

I met a student whom/who/that I hit yesterday on my class.

在定语从句中，现行词是人，关系代词在句子中做宾语是，关系代词用whom,who,that. 4. The novel that /which I read is lost.

The dog which/that I found is Mary’s.

在定语从句中，先行词是物，关系代词在句子中做宾语时，关系代词用which/that.

综上所述: 关系代词所代替的现行词是指人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语，宾语，

定语等成分。关系代词在句子中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

whose在定语从句中做定语，用来指人或物，若指物时，它可以和of which互换。

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is yellow.

1. Friends are those make you smile, always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed.

A. which

B. what

C. whom

D. who

2. It’s time to say goodbye to my school. I’ll always remember the people have helped me.

A. who

B. what

C. which

D. where

3. Steve Jobs brought us the ipad and the iphone died on October 5, 2011.

A. who

B. whom

C. whose

D. what

4. Jamie is a young cook wants to improve school dinners.

A. whose

B. who

C. which

D. whom

5. I like writers _________ write short stories.

A. which

B. what

C. whom

D. who

6. We are trying to help those children _____ lost their parents in Yushu , Qinghai Province.

A. which

B. when

C. who

D. whose

7. The girl ___ __you talked with at the school gate is our new math teacher.

A. whose

B. which

C. whom

D. what

8. -Have you found the information about the famous people ______ you can use for the report?

-Not yet. I’ll search some on the Internet.

A. who

B. what

C. whom

D. which

9. --- Do you know the boy________ is sitting next to Peter?

--- Yes. He is Peter’s friend. They are celebrating his ________ birthday.

A. who; ninth

B. that; nineth

C. /; nineth

D. which; ninth

10. A friend is someone __________ say, “What! You too? I thought I was the only one!”

A. who

B. which

C. what

D. whose

2. (1) be interested in sth/doing sth 对……感兴趣

(2) interesting/interested 区别

中考：

—Peter has changed a lot, hasn’t he?

—Yes. He used to ___________ the guitar, but now he is more ___________ in playing soccer. A. plays; interested B. play; interested C. play; interesting D. playing; interest As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks.

1. (1) be used to =get used to =become used to doing sth 习惯于……I’m used to looking after myself.

(2) used to do sth 过去常常做某事Mary used to do her homework at night.

(3) be used to do sth 被用来做某事 A pen is used to write.

中考:

—How does Jack usually go to work.?

—He __________ drive a car, but now he ___________ there to lose weight.

A. used to ; is use to walk

B. was used to ; is used to walking

C. was used to ; is used to walk

D. used to; is used to walking

2. take risks 冒险/take a risk

You have no right to take risks with others lives.

This is one of the exciting things about doing dangerous sports.

one of +形容词最高级形式+名词的复数Mary is one of the tallest girls in our class.

But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.

1. run out “用完，耗尽”，当表示“用完某物”时，用run out of

Mary has run out of her money.

2. own

(1) 形容词，“自己的”常放在名词所有格或形容词性物主代词的后面来加强语气。I made it with my own hands.

(2) 动词，“拥有”，其名词形式是owner, “主人”I want to have to talk with the owner of this

house. Do you know who owns it?

中考：

They can wear ___________ clothes.

A. themselves

B. they own

C. their own

3. save one’s life 挽救某人性命I saved the dog’s life.

save (1) 挽救（2）节省，节约（3）储蓄，储存

中考：

Travelling by plane is expensive, but it ___________ (节省) time.

So he used his knife to cut off half his right arm.

1. knife 复数形式的变化：knives. (初中阶段名词变为复数与此一样的有：wife，leaf, wolf, shelf, thief 等)

记忆口诀：“妻子”拿“刀”去砍“狼”，“架子”后面“小偷”用“叶”挡。

中考：The ground is covered with fallen _________( leaf) in autumn.

2. (1) cut off “砍掉，切掉”Mary cut off some flowers from the bush.

(2)与off 有关的短语get off (下车) show off (炫耀) run off (跑开) fall off ( 掉下) put off (推

迟) turn off (关闭) keep off (远离，阻止)

中考：

—Who’s the most modest boy in your class?

—Daniel. He never ____________ in public.

His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience.

1. so…that…引导的结果状语从句，其中so 是副词，修饰形容词或者是副词，that 后面加从句。其句型结构主要有：

(1) so +adj/adv+ that 从句Mary ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him.

(2) so +adj +a/ an +n. +that 从句My son is so young a boy that he can’t go to school.

(3) so many/ much/few/little +n. +that 从句Kate had so many falls that she was black and blue all over.

2. such …that…“如此……以至于”，但such 后面要用名词。其句型结构主要有：

(1) such +a/ an +名词单数+that 从句Mary is such a lovely girl that we all like her.

(2) such +adj +名词复数+that 从句There are such difficult questions that no one can answer them.

(3) adj +不可数名词+that 从句It was such terrible weather that we had nothing to do.

中考：

I’m a singer is _________ an interesting TV show _________ many people like watching it.

A. so; that

B. such; that

C. so; as

D. such; as

Aron did not give up after the accident and keep on climbing mountains today.

1. give up “放弃”后加名词，代词，动名词。It’s good for you to give up smoking.

中考:

Smoking is bad for your health. You’d better give it up.

2. keep on doing sth “继续或坚持做某事”Keep on working hard and you will succeed at last.

3. keep doing 和keep on doing 区别

(1) keep doing 表示持续的状态或连续不断的动作（动作之间没有间隔）He kept standing

during the meeting. (他一直站着)

(2) 表示一直在做的事继续做下去（强调时间的间隔性和动作的反复性，及某人做某事的

决心）He keeps on working after dark.

基础知识巩固练习题

一．根据句意用所给的单词的适当形式填空。

1. The boy hurt __________ (him) when he fell off his bike yesterday.

2. —Are you __________(interest) in playing computer games?

—No, I think it’s boring.

3.After staying there __________ for weeks, I am used to ___________ (speak) in Japanese.

4.How sharp the ____________(knife) are! You must be careful.

5.—Do you like to take __________ (risk)?

—Yes, it’s very exciting.

二．单项选择

1. My parent’s ___________ getting up early on weekdays.

A. used to

B. be used to

C. was used to

D. are used to

2. —Do you know the girl __________ is taking to the headmaster over there?

—Of course. She is my sister.

A. who

B. whom

C. which

D. what

3. Every year a lot of tourists travel to Hainan, because it’s _____________island.

A. so a beautiful

B. so beautiful

C. such a beautiful

D. a such beautiful

4. It was a difficult time for the quake-hit victims in Ya’an, but they didn’t __________ hope.

A. give up

B. give off

C. give in

D. give out

5. The boy has __________ translating the sentence into the Chinese. Please help him.

A. matter

B. questions

C. problems

D. troubles

三．根据所给提示把下列句子翻译成英语。

1. 在这次地震中有人伤到了胳膊。(get hit )

.

2. 医生挽救了这个小女孩的生命。(save on e’s life)

____________________________________________________________________.

3. 他很聪明，能理解你的意思。(so…that)

_____________________________________________________________________.

4.男孩从梯子上掉下来，跌伤了。(fall down)

____________________________________________________________________.

5.他从本子上剪下一张纸。(cut off )

_____________________________________________________________________.

单元跟踪练习题

一．单项选择

1. Lucy enjoyed ___________ at her best friend’s birthday party last Sunday.

A. herself

B. himself

C. myself

D. yourself

2. After I got to English, soon I _________ with people in English.

A. used to talk

B. used to talking

C. was used to talking

D. was used to talk

3. I can’t afford the computer because I have __________ all the money.

A. run out of

B. got out of

C. sold out

D. put out

4. —Don’t smoke any more. I t’s bad for your health.

—I’m trying to __________. I t’s really hard, you know.

A. turn it on

B. put it off

C. give it up

D. take it out

5. Don’t forget to take your bag when you __________ the bus.

A. get off

B. take off

C. turn off

D. put off

6. I am new here, so I get into __________ remembering all of your names.

A. matter

B. trouble

C. question

D. problem

7. Please __________ your temperature and tell me if you have a fever.

A. have

B. catch

C. take

D. test

8. __________, the worst student passed the final English test.

A. To be honest

B. To my surprise

C. To start with

D. To tell you the truth

9. My sister works as a ____________ in a hospital. She looks after the patients well.

A. teacher

B. policeman

C. nurse

D. engineer

10. My brother has a ____________. He has to see a dentist at once.

A. stomachache

B. headache

C. sore back

D. toothache

11. —____________?

—My leg hurts. I can’ t walk.

A. How are you

B. What’s the matter

C. What’re you doing

D. What do you look like

12. —Jason is too serious sometimes.

—I quite __________. But he’s always friendly to others.

A. accept

B. argue

C. agree

D. believe

13. The girl swallowed deeply and the hot porridge burned suddenly in her ____________.

A. eyes

B. teeth

C. ears

D. throat

14. It’s reported that a car ____________ happened last night and many people died in it.

A. accident

B. activity

C. attention

D. situation

15. —What did you do yesterday afternoon?

—I went to the barbershop and had my hair ____________.

A. cut off

B. cut up

C. take off

D. put off

二．用所给单词的适当形式填空。

(A) 根据句意用所给单词的适当形式填空

1. The ___________ (die) of his pet cat made the boy very sad.

2. I went home before the end of the meeting. What was the final __________ (decide)?

3. There are some ____________(knife) on the table. You can use any of them.

4. Let’s stop to have a rest. We’d better not make ____________ (we) too tired.

5. When I was in Grade Three, I realized the _____________ (important) of English.

(B) 根据句意及汉语提示用适当的词组完成句子。

6. Mr. Smith is brave. He is willing to ______________(冒险)

7. The driver drank a lot. He ______________(不能控制) his car when it hit the tree.

8. He didn’t come at all. Don’t ________________(继续) waiting for him..

9. Babies often ______________(摔倒) when they are learning to walk.

10. When you have a headache, you should _____________(看医生).

三．按要求改写句子，每空一词。

1. Mike has a fever. (就划线部分提问)

What’s __________ _________ ___________ Mike?

2. Li Lei likes climbing mountains. (改为否定句)

Li Lie _____________ ______________ climbing mountains.

3. Mary should take good care of her computer. (改为一般疑问句并做肯定回答)

________ Mary take good care of her computer?

_______ , she __________.

4. The young man made a decision to help the poor children. (改为同义句)

The young man ____________ ____________ ____________ the poor children.

5. Yesterday I used up all the salt to cook dumplings. I need to buy some now. (改为同义句) Yesterday I ___________ __________ ____________ all the salt to cook dumplings. I need to buy some now.