初中英语句子结构讲解及练习题教案

纽威教育6T教材系列

第二十一讲句子结构

时间： 2014 年月日李老师学生姓名

一、兴趣导入

pull one's leg 开玩笑(不是“拉后腿”）

eat one's words 收回前言(不是“吃话”）

an apple of love 西红柿(不是“爱情之果”）

handwriting on the wall 不祥之兆(不是“大字报”）

（编辑：）

bring down the house 博得全场喝彩(不是“推倒房子”）

think a great deal of oneself 高看或看重自己(不是“为自己想得很多”）

pull up one's socks 鼓起勇气(不是“提上袜子”）

二、学前测试

用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：

I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden. 三、方法培养

组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语、主语补足语和同位语，其中主语、谓语、和宾语是句

子的主要成分，其余的均为次要成分。

1.主语

主语是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定

式或动名词等充当。

○1名词或名词短语作主语

Weather in our coastal city is nice and cool in summer. 夏季我们沿海城市的天气舒适、凉爽。

○2代词作主语

He told a joke but it fell flat. 他说了个笑话，但没引人发笑。

○3数词作主语

Three is enough for each of us.

三个对于我们每个人来说就足够了。

○4动词不定式或不定式短语作主语

To become a player like Yao Ming is my wish. 成为像姚明一样的运动员是我的

心愿。

○5名词化形容词和名词化分词作主语

To wounded should be sent to hospital at once. 受伤人员应立即送往医院。

○6动词的—ing 形式作主语

Taking a walk after supper is good for our health.

晚饭后散步对我们的健康有好处。

○7从句作主语

作主语的从句称为主语从句，可由that, whether, wh—词等引导。

Whenever you are ready will be fine. 你无论什么时候准备好都行。

2.谓语

说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词

与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如：

I felt cold.我感觉冷。（系动词+表语）

How can I get to the Great Wall? 我怎样能到达长城？（情态动词+实义动词）3.宾语

宾语是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。

如：

They are t eachers. 他们是老师。（名词）

We enjoy playing football.我们喜欢踢足球。（动名词）

4.定语

用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如：

She is a c hemistry teacher. 她是一个化学老师。（名词）

I have something i mportant to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。（形容词）

5.状语

用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语

或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首

或句末。副词修饰动词时应放于动词之后。如：

The students study hard. 这些学生学习努力。（副词）

We were having dinner when the telephone rang.电话铃响时我们正在吃晚饭。

（从句）

6.表语

用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充

当。常用的连系动词有：be, look, get, sound(听起来)，feel, become, smell, turn 等。如：

○1名词作表语

She is an ordinary teacher. 她是一个普通的老师。

○2代词作表语

You are many, but they are f ew. 你们人多，但他们人少。

○3数词作表语

He was the first to leave but the last to arrive. 他是第一个走的，却是最后一个到的。

○4形容词作表语

The dish tastes delicious.这道菜常起来很好吃。

○5动词的-ing形式和-ed形式作表语

I am quite surprised to see you here. 在这里见到你我感到非常惊讶。

○6介词短语作表语

We were at table when you called.

你来电话时我们正在吃饭。

○7动词不定式或短语作表语

My job is to look after the baby. 我的工作就是照顾这个婴儿。

○8副词及其短语作表语

He is out of home. 他不在家。

7.宾语补足语

用于补充说明宾语的情况，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成

复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell 告诉，let让，help帮助，teach教，ask问，see看见，have让，order命令，make使，等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如：

The doctor told me to do more exercise.医生告诉我多做练习。（不定式短语）I’ll have my car repaired.我要让人修车。（过去分词）

8.同位语

一个名词（或其他形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个

名词（或其他形式）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常

常紧挨在一起。

○1由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构，其中前项与后项所指

相同，句型性能也相同，后项是前项的同位语。

Mr. Wang, our new teacher, is very kind to us.我们的新老师—王先生对我们很好。

○2如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开；如同位语对其同位成分

只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。

He told me that his uncle J ohn is a world-famous doctor. 他对我讲，他的叔叔约翰是一位世界闻名的医生。

He has read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign.他看了各种各样的书，古今中外都有。

○3同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外，还可以表示部分意义。

We Chinese people are brave and hard-working. 我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

Amy is interested in sports, especially ball games.艾米喜欢运动，特别是球类运动。

四、强化练习

(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词(4分，4分钟)

① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

② There is an old man coming here.

③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词(10分，10分钟)

① I don't like the picture on the wall.

A. don't

B. like

C. picture

D. wall

② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.

A. get

B. longer

C. days

D. summer

③ Do you usually go to school by bus?

A. Do

B. usually

C. go

D. bus

④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

A. will be

B. meeting

C. the library

D. afternoon

⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?

A. Did

B. twins

C. have

D. breakfast

⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.

A. Tom

B. didn't

C. do

D. his homework

⑦ What I want to tell you is this.

A. want

B. to tell

C. you

D. is

⑧ We had better send for a doctor.

A. We

B. had

C. send

D. doctor

⑨ He is interested in music.

A. is

B. interested

C. in

D. music

⑩ Whom did you give my book to?

A. give

B. did

C. whom

D. book

五、训练辅导

改错

1.

I live in the country and my father was a farmer. 1. __________

He is now forty-five year old. Because of years of 2. __________

hard work, he looks old than his age. When I was 3. __________

young, he used to tell me the importance study. 4. __________

Father knows little about English but other subjects， 5. __________

but he usually gives me some good advices on how 6. __________

to learn my lessons good. He is not only kind to me 7. __________

but also very strict in me. With his help, I’ve made 8. __________

forget what he taught 9. __________

great progres s. I’ll never to

me. I think my father is best father in the world. 10. _________

完形填空

1

Different things usually stand for different feelings. Red, for example, is the color of fire, heat, blood and life. People say red is an exciting and active color. They associate（使发生联系）red with a strong feeling like 1 . Red is used for signs of 2 , such as STOP signs and fire engines. Orange is the bright, warm color of 3

in autumn. People say orange is a 4 color. They associate orange with happiness. Yellow is the color of __5__. People say it is a cheerful color. They associate yellow too, with happiness. Green is the cool color of grass in __6__. People say it is a refreshing color. In general, people __7__ two groups of colors: warm colors and cool colors. The warm colors are red, orange and __8__. Where there are warm color and a

lot of light, people usually want to be __9__. Those who like to be with __10 _ like red. The cool colors are __11_ and blue. Where are these colors, people are usually worried. Some scientists say that time seems to __12 _ more slowly in a room with warm colors. They suggest that a warm color is a good __13_ for a living room or a __14_ . People who are having a rest or are eating do not want time to pass quickly. __15 colors are better for some offices if the people working there want time to pass quickly.

1. A. sadness B. anger C. administration D. smile

2. A. roads B. ways C. danger D. places

3. A. land B. leaves C. grass D. mountains

4. A. lively B. dark C. noisy D. frightening

5. A. moonlight B. light C. sunlight D. stars

6. A. summer B. spring C. autumn D. winter

7. A. speak B. say C. talk about D. tell

8. A. green B. yellow C. white D. gray

9. A. calm B. sleepy C. active D. helpful

10. A. the other B. another C. other one D. others

11. A. black B. green C. golden D. yellow

12. A. go round B. go by C. go off D. go along

13. A. one B. way C. fact D. matter

14. A. factory B. classroom C. restaurant D. hospital

15. A. Different B. Cool C. Warm D. All

六、反思总结

堂堂清

not speak, call , idea, and, what, garden, hear , quiet , do ,eat , name, say

A farmer saw an old man growing something on the other side of the river. The farmer 1. ________ out to him, “ What are you growing , Grandpa? ”

The old man 2 . ________ for a moment, then said, “Swim over 3. ________ I’ll tell you.”

The farmer didn’t like the 4. ________ of swimming across the river. But he wanted to know 5. ________ the old man was doing. He swam over. The old man said very 6. ________ in his ear, “I’m planting peas in my 7. ________ .”

“ You should have shouted. I would have 8. ________ quite clearly on that side.”Said the farmer.

“Oh, no, I wouldn’t 9. ________ that . The sparrows would have heard me and 10. ________ my peas.”