大外(5)翻译技巧:增词、减词、被动语态、否定(可编辑修改word版)

大外(5)翻译技巧:增词、减词、被动语态、否定(可编辑修改word版)
大外(5)翻译技巧:增词、减词、被动语态、否定(可编辑修改word版)

Lecture Five

Amplification and Omission

Negation and Translation of Passive Voice Sentences

I.Teaching contents

1.Review and comments on the assignments

2.Amplification

3.Omission

4.Negation in translation

5.Passive Voice Sentences

6.Assignments

II.Aims of teaching

To make students know about the techniques of translation and especially to grasp amplification and repetition

III.Teaching Focus

Students’ ability in dealing with the techniques especially in amplification omission , negation and attributive clauses

IV.Teaching procedures

Step One: Review

Extension of word meaning

Conversion of parts of speech

Step Two Amplification in translation

翻译时为了尽可能使译文的意义、语气、语态等切合原文,常常要在译文中加一些原文没有对应词的词,即加一些原文中无其形而有其义的词才能使译文更加准确、易懂。这时我们可以采用增词翻译的手段。英译汉中增词翻译主要体现在以下几个方面。

A. 根据词义或修辞需要增词

翻译中有时如果只按照字面进行翻译,汉语将不通顺、不达意,或表达不符合汉语习惯,这时我们要采用增词译法。例如:

My grandparents believed you were either honest or you weren’t. There was no in between.

我的祖父母认为,你要么诚实,要么不诚实,没有中间道路可选。

For months I have kept on my desk a picture from a tabloid.

几个月来,我桌上一直放着一幅从小报上剪下的照片。教法提示

ppt. aided

explanation and enlightenment

教法提示If you want General Gehlen sent to a lunatic asylum then you had better

have me certified as well.

如果你要把盖伦将军关进疯人院,最好让医生证明我也是疯子吧。

(证明的主语不是you,句子的意思是指“医生”,这样不但符合原意,而

且还减少了歧义。)

This was the greatest Russian offensive of the war. Stalin was throwing in

180 divisions, a surprising large part of them armored, in Poland and East

Prussia alone. There was no stopping them.

这是大战以来俄国发动的最大攻势。仅波兰和东普鲁士两地,斯大林就

投入了一百八十个师的兵力,其中装甲部队所占比例大得惊人。他们锐不

可当,势如破竹。

A professor of mine once said:

ppt. aided 教过我的一位教授曾说过:…

Science demands of men great effort and complete devotion.

人们要掌握科学知识,必须作出巨大的努力并表现出无限的热忱。

He said he’d come to the discussion.

他说他要来参加讨论。

The sports meet is scheduled for April 16.

运动会定于四月十六日举行。

9.The atmosphere moderates daytime temperature and retards nigh heat

loss.

大气层能缓和白天气温的上升和阻止夜间热量的损耗。

10.Mary washed for a living after her husband died of acute pneumonia.

玛丽在丈夫患急性肺炎去世后,靠给人洗衣服维持生活。

11.The frequency, wave length and speed of sound are closely related.

ppt. aided 声音的频率、波长和速度三者是密切相关的。

12. Compared with mine, your computer is really cheap and fine.

与我的电脑相比,你的电脑真是物美价廉。

B.根据语法需要增词

英语和汉语在语法方面差异很大,比如英语有数的变化、有时态、语态、

语气变化、有情态的变化(我们常称为三态一气),而汉语这样的变化很少,

如时态,只用着、了、过就解决了。在翻译中我们要注意这些差别,把英

语中的数和三态一气等体现出来。例如:

1.They are leading a happy life.

他们现在过着幸福的生活。

2.He was the late president’s alter ego and he is a close and influential

friend of the president to be in office.

他过去是已故总统的化身,而现在是即将就职的总统亲密而有影

教法提示

1. He wandered about in the chill rain, thinking and thinking, brooding and

brooding.

他在凄雨中荡来荡去,想了又想,盘算了盘算。

2. Gentlemen many cry peace, peace---but there is no peace.

enlightening 先生们尽管可以高喊和平,和平!但是依然没有和平。

3. Blood must atone for blood.

血债要用血来还。

4. They would read and re-read the secret notes.

他们往往一遍又一遍反复琢磨这些密件。

C.为了生动重复

英语原文中即使没有词的重复,翻译时为了使译文生动,有时也可以采

用各种重复手段。

1.运用两个四字词组成或四字对偶词组。

汉语中有大量四字词组,这是汉语的一在特点。四字词组比较精炼,念

起来顺口,有节奏感,如运用恰当,可使文字生动活泼,增强修辞效果。

(1)But there had been too much publicity about my case.

但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨,人人皆知了。

(2)If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful period

for the few.

多数人兴高采烈之日,却是少数人伤心失意之时。

(3)great contributions 丰功伟绩gratitude 感恩戴德

ingratitude 忘恩负义prosperity 繁荣昌盛

arrogance 骄傲自大careless 粗心大意

in chaos 乌烟瘴气street gossip 街谈巷议

discussion rumor 流言蜚语

2.运用词的重叠

词的重叠是汉语中常用的一种手段。英译汉时,可适当采用词的重叠,

特别是四字重叠词组,使译文生动活泼,通顺达意。

(1)I had been completely honest in my replies, withholding nothing.

我的回答完全是坦坦荡荡,(直言无隐),不藏不掖。

(2)His children, too, were as ragged and wild as if they belonged to

nobody.

他的那些孩子,也是穿得破破烂烂,粗野不堪,就象没有父母

似的。

(3)With his tardiness, careless and appalling good temper, we had

nothing to do with him.

他老是磨磨蹭蹭,马马虎虎,脾气又好得惊人,我们都对他毫

时间不早了,你该回家了。(省译原因的从属连词as)6.Metals expand when heated and contract when cooled.

金属热胀冷缩。(省译从属连词when)

7.I won’t go if you are not going.

你不去,我也不去。(省译连词if)

8.It was very quiet at the moment.

当时很安静。(省译it)

9.Don’t put your hands in your rocket.

别把手放在口袋里。(省译两个物主代词)教法提示enlightening

10.Those who are in favour please hold up their hands.

赞成的请举手。(省译指示代词、关系代词和物主代词)

11.Suddenly, there came a knock at the door.

突然响起了敲门声。(省译介词)

12.I’m warning you for the last time.

我最后一次警告你。(省译介词)

注意:英语介词用的比汉语多,译成汉语时可译成相应的介词或转译成

动词,其他情况下一般不译出来。

13.The precuts produced in our factory are good in quality and low in

price.

我们厂的产品物美价廉。

14. Smoking is prohibited in public places.

公共场所不准吸烟。(省略表地点的介词)

B、意义或修辞角度上的省略

意义角度上的省译是指在能用汉语完全表达原文的意义时对原文某些

discussion 词的省略,但不可能对原文的内容任意删减。英语句子中有些短语重复出现,

英译汉时可按情况作适当省略。

1. It has been three years since he began to smoke.

他抽烟三年了。

(“自从他开始抽烟以来已经有三年了。”这样译虽然照顾了形又照顾了

义,可却不是地产的汉语了。)

2. Instead of one old woman knocking me about and starving me, everybody of

all ages knocked me about and starved me.

那时打我并且使我挨饿的不只是一个老太婆,而是老老少少各式各样的人。

(如加上“打我并且使我挨饿”就不能够精练。)

3. It is required that the machine should be maintained at regular intervals.

机器需要定期维修。(意思在汉语中已暗含,译出反显累赘。)

4. Williams Sidney Porter, who is known under his pen name, O. Henry, is one

双重否定指两个否定词并用,否定同一个单词,或者一个否定词否定另一个词,其否定意义互相抵消而取得肯定意义。汉译时可译成肯定句。如:

1.Nothing is so difficult that it can not be done. 有志者事竟成。

2.There is not any advantage without disadvantage. 有一利必有一弊。

3.It is none other than zinc. 这就是锌。

有时形式否定的句子也可译成汉语的双重否定来强调其肯定的意义。如:

1.If there were no energy, there would be no force and work..

没有能量,就不会有力和功。

2.He cannot but agree. 他不得不同意。

3.There is no story without coincidence. 无巧不成书。

D、形式上否定,意义上肯定

有些英语句子或短语形式上是否定的,意义上却是肯定的。这类句子一般可译成汉语的肯定句。现分述如下:

1.“nothing” 有时意为“零”、“正好”。如:

1)Multiply 6 by nothing, and the result is nothing. 六乘以零等于零。

2)He is five foot nothing. 他整整五英尺高。

2.“cannot be + too 形容词”意为“怎么……. 也不过分”、“越…….越好”。如:

1)You cannot be too careful in answering an English paper.

答英语卷越仔细越好。

2)This point cannot be overemphasized.

这一点应该特别强调。(或:这一点怎么强调也不过分。)

3.“no, none, nothing + but, like”意为“只有”、“只”、“不过”等。“nothing short of ”则有“简直可以说”的意思。如:

1)There is no man but errs. 人人难免有过失。

2)Nothing but a miracle can save him. 只有奇迹才能挽救他。

F、表示否定的特殊结构、短语和词汇

英语中有一些特殊结构、短语和词汇本身并无否定的意思,但和个别的

词搭配在一起便表示否定,如:

1.有些动词如:refuse, wonder, fail 等可意译成汉语否定词。

1)The engine failed to start. 发动机(打)不着(火)。

2)I wonder if I can go with you. 我不知道能不能和你们一起走。

3)The drain just refused to work. 排水管就是不排水。

2.有些介词如above, beyond, out of : 形容词last, short (of), far from; 副词ill; 连词before 等,在某些句子的上下文中有否定含义,也可译成汉语的否定词。

1)It is beyond my power to I make such a decision. 教法提示enlightening

discussion

我没有权力做这样的决定。

2) He would be the last man to be in charge of such a project. 他最不合适负责这一工程。

3) This question is far from being difficult. 这个问题一点也不复杂。 4) We are short of hands at present. 我们目前人手不够。

5) Mr. Green is out of town this week. 格林先生这星期不在城里。

6) He was ill treated in hospital. 他在医院里受到不公正待遇。 7) I would die before I surrender. 我宁死也决不投降。

8) He is anything but modest. 他一点儿也不谦虚。 9) We tried in vain to measure the voltage.

我们原想测量电压,但没有成功。 10) We gave him some good advice, but he made light of it.

我们给他忠告,但他不当一会事。

3. “no more than”, “no l ess tha n” 意为“只…….”“一样…….”等。 1) We developed no more than three kinds of advertisers.

我们只研制了三种信号装置。 2) She is no less active than she used to be. 她跟从前一样活跃。

4. 英语中反诘问句以及 not 与 why 连用的问句常用来表示证实、请求或催促,其形式否定而意思肯定。翻译时前者可译成“难道…….”, 后者可译成“…….该…….”、“为什么不…….?”例如:

1) Don’t you think it foolish to act like this? 难道你不认为这样做很傻吗?

2) Hasn’t the train arrived? 火车难道还没到?

G 、否定转移

英语中的否定转移现象很普遍。比如有的句子形式上否定的是谓语动词, 而实际意义上否定的是另一个名词短语; 有的句子形式上否定的是一个名词短语, 而实际意义上否定的是谓语动词; 有的句子形式上否定的是主语部分, 而实际意义上否定的是从句部分。这类现象称为否定的转移。在英译汉

时对这些现象我们一定要加以注意, 正确理解、正确翻译。例如: 1.“no ”与谓语动词的肯定式句型:

“在‘no ’与动词的肯定式”句型中,no 所表达的否定常常转移到谓语动词上。一般译成“不+动词”。如:

1) At no time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.

中国在任何时候任何情况下, 都不首先使用核武器。 2) A transformer provides no power of its own. 变压器本身不产生电力。

“no” 和 “not” 表示否定意义的区别:

教法提示

enlightening

discussion

自由的国家中将一直存在矛盾的思想,这是力量的源泉。(省略不定冠词)

B.I. Put the following into Chinese, paying special attention to negation.

1.I’m wiser than to believe what you call money talks.

我才不相信你所介绍的金钱论呢(你说的金钱万能呢)。

2.He would do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life.

叫他干什么他都愿意,只是不要再过那种日子就行。

3.All graduates from the Foreign Languages Institutes will not be appointed to

do translation work.

外语院校的毕业生并非人人被分配去做翻译工作。

4.Africa is not kicking out western imperialism in order to invite other new master.

非洲踢出西方帝国主义并不是为了请进其他新的主子。

5.One could not be too careful in a new neighborhood.

新到一个陌生的地方,越小心越好。

6.Nothing is so beautiful but it betrays some defect on close inspection.

再漂亮的东西,只要仔细观察,也会发现某种缺陷。

7.All other sources of heat besides the sun would not raise the temperature of the earth 1/4 degree

F.除了太阳的热源以外,所有其他热源都不能把地球的温度升高华氏1/4 度。

8.One may as well be asleep to read for anything but to improve his mind and morals, and regulate his conduct.

读书如果不是为了培养才德和端庄的品行,还不如睡大觉好。

9.It is not our view that the substance or the tone of his remarks this morning will contribute to creating a lasting peace in the Middle East.

今天上午他讲话的内容和语气,对促进中东持久和平是不利的,这就是我们的观点。

10.This failure could be blamed on the apparent failure to ensure that communicative skill inadequately represented in language courses.

这一失败显然可归咎于未能保证做到把交际技巧适当地运用于语言课程。

Step Eight: Translation of passive voice sentences

在英语中被动语态用得比较广泛,译成汉语时常用以下几种方法处理:A、译成汉语的“被”字结构或相似结构, 如“叫, 让, 给, 受到, 遭到,

为…所…, 是…的,加以…等。

1.Though Hamlet has been disappointed of the throne, every one respects 教法提示enlightening

discussion 教法提示

him.

虽然哈姆雷特被剥夺了王位,大家照样尊敬他。

2.They were caught in the rain yesterday. 他们昨天叫雨淋了。

enlightening 3.Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world.

我们的对外政策受到全世界人民的支持。

4.They were given a hearty welcome. 他们受到热烈欢迎。

5.He was policed by the bosses’ cops. 他受到老板雇佣的警察的监督。

6.I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas

card.

我为这些话所深深感动,后来我就把它们写在圣诞贺片上。

7.By evening the occupation was complete, and the people were chased off

the streets by an eight o’clock curfew.

至傍晚,占领已告完成。八点钟开始的宵禁把人们从街道赶走。

8.The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire.

大火使这著名的旅馆几乎全部毁灭。

9.Most letters from his wife are read to him by the nurse in the hospital.

他的妻子给他的信件,大多数是由医院里的护士念给他听的。

B、译成汉语主动句

英、汉两种语言在语法上有很大差异,汉语很少使用被动句,

因此在翻译时常常将英语的被动句译成汉语的主动句,主语常常省略。

例如:

1.The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been

totally eradicated.

他在青少年时期留下的自卑感,还没有完全消除。

2.On their domestic stations events in the Middle east were dismissed

briefly.

discussion 在他们国内的电台的广播中,中东事件只轻描淡写地报道了一下。

三、C.保留原主语, 被动改主动

英、汉两种语言在语法上有很大差异,汉语很少使用被动句,因此在翻译时常常将英语的被动句译成汉语的主动句,主语可以保留。

例如:

1.Mr. Black was given a prize. 布拉克先生得了奖。

2.His life was cut short by cholera. 他因患霍乱而早亡。

3.He was thrown into confusion by the return of his wife.

他由于妻子归来而陷入惶惑不安之中。

D. 把原文中的主语译为宾语

在翻译英语的被动句时,我们还可以把原文中的主语译为译语中的宾语。例如:

1. By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization,

but at a cost of over 200 Belgian and French lives.

大战终了时,这个组织拯救了八百人,但那是以二百多比利时人和

法国人的生命为代价。

2. It would be astonishing if that loss were not keenly felt.

.

教法提示

.

翻译方法之增译法、减译法、重复法

翻译方法之增译法、减译法、重复法 ?英汉两种语言,由于表达方式不尽相同,翻译时既可能要将词义进行转换,有可能要在词量上加以增减。 ?有的时候,为了明确、强调或生动,也需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。 ?什么叫增译法?我们可以这样确定它的定义:为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格,并使译文合乎表达习惯,必须按意义上(修辞上)和句法上增加一些词语,这就叫做增译法。?一、根据意义(修辞)上的需要 ?二、根据句法上的需要 一、根据意义(修辞)上的需要 ?(一)增加动词 ?(二)增加形容词 ?(三)增加副词 ?(四)增加名词 ?(五)增加表示名词复数的词 ?(六)增加表达时态的词 ?(七)增加语气助词 ?(八)增加量词 ?(九)增加根据上下文需要及反映背景情况的词 ?(十)增加概括词 ?(十一)增加承上启下的词 (一)增加动词 ?根据意义的需要,可以在名词前后增加动词。 ?如: In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on …… Practice ?They talked for almost eight hours, through dinner and well into the night. ?My work, my family, my friends were more than enough to fill my time. (二)增加形容词 ?With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism! 中国人民正在以多么高涨的热情建设社会主义啊! ?O, Tom Canty, born in rags and dirt and misery, what sight is this! (Mark Twain) 出生在破烂、肮脏和苦难中,现在这番景象却是多么煊赫啊!

翻译的基本技巧 被动语态的翻译

翻译的基本技巧——语态转换译法 语态转换译法 1 顺译法 顺译成被动句 顺译成主动句 2 倒译法 把by后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 把其他介词后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 倒译成汉语的无主句 3 分译法 一、顺译法 既保留原文的主语,又要使译文主要成分的顺序和原文大体一致的翻译方法就叫顺译法。 1 顺译法 (Translation in Original Order) 1. 1 顺译成被动句 A.译成“被”字 所谓“被”字句,就是在汉语的动词前面加上一个“被”字来表示被动的句子。主要表示这个动作不利于受事者或这个情况有点特殊,或者出乎意料。加上“被”字以引起读者的注意并表示“被”这一动作动作接受者(受事者)是不乐意或不情愿接受的。 例1:Vitamin C is destroyed when it is overheated. 【译文】维生素C受热过度就会被破坏。 例2:Once the flower has been pollinated and fertilized, the plant provides the newly formed seeds with a reserve of food materials, which will be needed when they themselves germinate. 【译文】花一旦被授了粉并受了精,植株就会对新生种子提供养料贮藏,以备种子未来发芽之需。例3:She thought all was fair and legal, and never dreamt she was going to be entrapped into a feigned union with a defrauded wretched, already bound to a bad, mad, and imbruted partner! (Charlotte Bront?: Jane Eyre) 【译文】她以为一切都是公正合法的,做梦也没想到过自己竟会被诱入欺诈婚姻的圈套,跟一个骗子、疯子、十足的坏蛋缔结姻缘。 B. 译成“挨”字句 “挨”仅用于翻译该动作是对动作接受者(受事者)不利或不好的句子。 例1:The boy was criticized yesterday. 【译文】这孩子昨天挨了一顿批评。 例2:I was caught in the downpour. 【译文】我在大雨中挨浇了。 C. 译成“给”字句

增词译法和减词译法

Chapter 1 增词译法和减词译法 1.1 增词译法(amplification/adding words) ?英汉两种语言,由于表达方式不尽相同,翻译时既可能将词类转换,有时候也可能将词量增减。 ?增词法就是在翻译时按意义上或修辞上或句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实、通顺地表达原文思想内容。这当然不是无中生有地随意乱加,而是增加原文中虽无其词却有其义的一些词。 1.1.1 ? e.g. I’m really busy this morning: 2 classes, a meeting, and an intervie w. ? e.g. There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no ―ordinary Chinese‖ with paper flags and flowers. 1.1.2 ? e.g. With what enthusiasm the Beijingers are studying foreign languages! ? e.g. What a day/life! 1.1.3 ? e.g. How the little girl looked after her old mother! ? e.g. As he began talking, words poured out. 1.1.4 1.1.4.1 ? e.g. Be sure to wash before meal. ? e.g. Day after day she does the same: washing, sweeping, and cooking. 1.1.4.2 ? e.g. The radio is indeed cheap and fine. 1.1.4.3 1.1.4.4 e.g. In the summer of 1969, the government publicly urged an easing of tensions with China. 1.1.4.5 ? e.g. He felt the patriot rise within his breast. ? e.g. He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty. 1.1.5 1.1.5.1 ? e.g. Every summer, tourists go to the coastal cities. ? e.g. Rows of new houses have been set up. 1.1.5.2 ? e.g. The lion is the king of animals. ? e.g. The mountains were covered with snow. ? e.g. The crowd made a way for him. 1.1.6 ? e.g. I bought a new bike yesterday.

被动语态的翻译

被动语态翻译 英语中被动语态使用范围很广,凡是在不必或不愿说出或无从说出施动者以及为了便于连贯上下文或者为了强调动作的承受者等场合,往往都用被动语态。英语被动句的翻译主要有以下几种情况: 一、译成汉语主动句。 1.原句中的主语、谓语不变,译文中没有表示被动的标志,如“被、把”字等,形式上是主动句,表达被动意义。例如:Eg. On Practice has been translated into many foreign languages. 《实践论》已译成许多国家的文字。Eg. The whole country was armed in a few days. 几天以内,全国就武装起来了。 2.原句中的主语移到谓语之后,译作宾语。Eg. Another middle school has been set up in our district.我们区又办了一所中学。Eg. 1,200 people had been saved soldiers in the earthquake. 在地震中,战士们已救出1200人。 3.译成带表语的主动句。Eg. The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。Eg. In the old society,women were looked down upon. 在旧社会,妇女们是受歧视的。 4.含主语从句的被动句型译为主动句。以it作形式主语的英语句子,翻译时常要转为主动形式,有时可加上“有人”、“大家”、“我们” 等不确定主语。例如:Eg. It is reported that the enemy has been breeding new strains of killer viruses.据报道敌人正在培育新的杀人病毒。Eg. It is suggested that meeting be put off till next Monday.有人建议会议推迟到下星期一举行。Eg. It is well known that natural light is actually made up of many colours.众所周知,自然光其实是由许多种颜色构成的。 这类句型还有:it is said that... /It is supposed that.../It must be pointed out that.../It is asserted that.../It is generally considered that... 二、译成汉语被动句 为了强调被动动作或突出施动者时,可以将英语被动句译为汉语被动句。 1.汉语句中有“被”、“遭受”等词。Eg. North China was hit by an unexpected heavy rain,which caused severe flooding.华北地区遭受了一场意外的大雨袭击,引起了严重的水灾。Eg. The window pane was broken by the child. 窗上玻璃被这小孩打碎了。 2.译成“为……所”的结构。Eg. Granny Wang was forced by familv circumstances to enter a knitting mill in Shanghai as a child labourer at the age of twelve. 王大妈为家境所迫,十二岁就到上海一家针织厂作童工。Eg. I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card. 我为这些话所深深感动,后来我就把它们写在圣诞卡上了。三、译成“招”、“使”和“由”字句 Eg. The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire. 大火使这家著名的旅馆几乎全部毁坏。Eg. The plan is going to be examined first by the research group. 计划将先由研究小组加以研究。Eg. By evening the occupation was complete,and the people were chased off the streets by an eight o'clock curfew. 至傍晚,占领已告完成八点钟开始的宵禁把人们从街上赶回家。四、译成无主语句 Eg. Some measures must be taken to control the water pollution. 必须采取某些措施来控制水污染。Eg. Methods are found to take these materials out of the rubbish and use them again. 现在已经找到了从垃圾中提取这些材料并加以利用的方法。 综上所述,英语被动句多数情况下译成汉语的主动句,只有在特别强调被动动作或特别突出被动句才译成汉语被动句。我们要选一种既符合汉语习惯,又保持上下文连贯的译法。同时,既要注意语态转换的一般规则,也要注意其例外情况,有的被动语态形式已习语化了,更是不可忽视的。

(全英文论文)从冗余理论浅谈翻译技巧之增译法与减译法

本科生毕业设计(论文)封面 ( 2015 届) 论文(设计)题目 作者 学院、专业 班级 指导教师(职称) 论文字数 论文完成时间 大学教务处制

英语原创毕业论文参考选题(200个) 一、论文说明 本写作团队致力于英语毕业论文写作与辅导服务,精通前沿理论研究、仿真编程、数据图表制作,专业本科论文3000起,具体可以联系qq 805990749。下列所写题目均可写作。部分题目已经写好原创。 二、原创论文参考题目 1 道林.格雷的画像中美的主题 2 初中英语课堂问题行为及对策 3 从美国梦的实现分析电影当幸福来敲门的积极意义 4 论创造性背叛在翻译红楼梦章回目录中的运用 5 互联网在大学英语第二课堂中应用的效果 6 哈利?波特主角背后的原型 7 新时期英汉语言接触对英语词汇系统的影响 8 外资银行在华发展现状与影响及国有商业银行的对策 9 美国总统就职演说的语言特点分析 10 中英语言中动物词汇的文化含义对比 11 全球化背景下的中国英语研究 12 如何教初中英语口语 13 XX中学高一年级学生英语听力问题调查分析 14 浅论英美影视字幕翻译方法 15 英语灾难新闻标题的语法和词汇特点分析 16 论英汉成语翻译 17 英语专业大学生利用英语学习网的自主学习性研究 18 浅谈汉语网络新词的翻译策略 19 探索生命的意义—解析老人与海的主题 20 生活大爆炸字母翻译中的文化迁移现象 21 喜福会中的母女沖突 22 从关联理论视角看历年奥运会主题口号的汉译 23 中学生英语听力理解策略研究

24 英语习语变体的修辞效果及其翻译 25 非英语专业学生英语学习动机调查研究 26 从飘探讨女性主义与社会的关系 27 接骨师之女中宝姨的人物形象解析 28 中西方文化差异 29 从语境理论角度分析奥巴马就职演说词语篇 30 英语多义词的翻译 31 通过对比看岭南文化的特征 32 论礼貌原则在英语报盘信函与还盘信函中的应用 33 中国女大学生奢侈品消费动机探析 34 中国公益广告的含蓄美--环保公益广告为例 35 英语广告中的修辞与幽默 36 论英语谚语翻译 37 论母语负迁移对二语词汇习得的影响 38 XX中学高二年级英语写作中常犯的词汇错误分析 39 劳伦斯和他的作品儿子与情人恋母情结 40 浅谈汉语中的英语外来词 41 分析匹普的性格发展 42 浅谈美国俚语的特征 43 英语委婉语在日常生活中的语用功能分析 44 中美媒体对光伏双反案的批判性话语分析 45 从礼貌原则分析发盘的语言技巧 46 鲁宾逊性格变化过程简要分析 47 生态翻译视角下英文电影字幕的汉译研究--了不起的盖茨比为例 48 析霍桑红字中的女权主义思想 49 批评性话语分析视角下的英语政治委婉语 50 沃尔特.惠特曼及其诗歌研究 51 小说爱玛中爱玛的心理成长 52 解析愤怒的葡萄中人性的力量 53 中西社交礼仪的比较与融合

被动语态翻译题

被动语态练习题 1.我们希望你尽快完成那项工作。 2我们已在会议上讨论了那个重大的问题。 3.学生们经常在课上做那样的练习题。 4.明年他们将在这条河上建一座新大桥。 5.你的家庭作业做完了吗? 6.这家工厂制作这种自行车。 7.上课之前我们必须交上数学练习本。

8.我们把这个房间当作会议室使用。 9.明天他们会完成植树吗? 10.你可以早一点做完它。 11.我看见她从学校出来了。 12.她给了我一件生日礼物。 13.我们还没有担完水。 14.你能在两小时之内干完活吗? 15.我从没听他说过关于这件事.

16.即使问题的确出现了,也可以轻易地得到改正或解决。 17.在全体工作人员的共同努力下,这项生产计划得以顺利实施。 18.人们重新发现了古代文明。 19.教授们因此得到了报酬。 20.人们预计直到2000年那个国家的失业率都会保持稳定。 21.必须立刻处理他频繁的逃课问题。

22.人脑与电脑的区别可以用一个词形容:复杂性。 23.从那以后人们通常认为它是一把双刃剑,就像人的克隆一样,在增加我们的财富以及给我们带来舒适的同时,其潜在的危险又让人们感到恐慌。 24.人们相信核能是我们这个时代最伟大的革新之一,然而人们又担心它会毁灭世界。 25.一种在世界范围内迅速传播的计算机病毒已

经感染了50000多台电脑。 26.大体上来说,人可以分为三种:一种是劳累至死的,一种是忧心至死的,还有一种无聊至死的。 27.总的来说, 得出这种结论是有一定把握的, 然而,必须具备两个条件:能够假定这个孩子与他的竞争能力对手对考试已经有着相同的态度;他也不会因为缺乏对手们已掌握的有关知识而被处罚。

英汉翻译方法1——被动语态译法

被动语态的翻译 教学内容 ?1、英语中常用被动语态的情况 ?Why passive voice is used in English? ?2、汉语中被动意义的表现方式 ?How the sense of “passiveness” is conveyed in Chinese ?3、英语被动语态的翻译 Memo ?Suppose a little boy broke someone’s window. ?1. Your son broke my window. ?2. The window was broken by your son. ?Notes: If the owner of the house wants to complain to the boy’s parent, he would say “1”; ?But if he just talks about the window and does not want to trace the responsibility of the incident he would simply say “2”. ?When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refineries to be treated. The commonest form of treatment is heating. When the oil is heated, the first vapors to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon vaporizes. Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils of various grades are produced. What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel. ?When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refineries to be treated. The commonest form of treatment is heating. When the oil is heated, the first vapors to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon vaporizes. Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils of various grades are produced. What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel. ?一、被动语态在英语中的运用 被动语态的广泛使用是英语区别于汉语的一大特点。这一特点在科技英语语体中反映得尤为突出。这不仅是因为被动结构比主动结构更少主观色彩,结构更简单,还因为有不必、不愿或无从说出施动者等情况的存在。 ?1、不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如: Such books are written for children. We haven’t been told about it. The English evening has been put off till Saturday. ?2、出于礼貌措辞等方面考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。例如: You are requested to give a performance. It is said that you were late for class this morning. Why were your late? ?3、无从说出施动者是谁。例如: You’re wanted on the phone. The problem is being studied. Rice is chiefly grown in the south. ?4、为了便于上下衔接。例如: He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.

翻译的基本技巧--被动语态的翻译

精心整理 翻译的基本技巧——语态转换译法 语态转换译法 1顺译法 1.1顺译成被动句 1.2顺译成主动句 2倒译法 2.1把by后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 2.2把其他介词后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 2.3倒译成汉语的无主句 3分译法 一、顺译法 既保留原文的主语,又要使译文主要成分的顺序和原文大体一致的翻译方法就叫顺译法。 1顺译法(TranslationinOriginalOrder) 1.1顺译成被动句 A.译成“被”字 所谓“被”字句,就是在汉语的动词前面加上一个“被”字来表示被动的句子。主要表示这个动作不利于受事者或这个情况有点特殊,或者出乎意料。加上“被”字以引起读者的注意并表示“被”这一动作动作接受者(受事者)是不乐意或不情愿

接受的。 例1:VitaminCisdestroyedwhenitisoverheated. 【译文】维生素C受热过度就会被破坏。 例2:Oncetheflowerhasbeenpollinatedandfertilized,theplantprovidesthenewlyformedseedswithar eserveoffoodmaterials,whichwillbeneededwhentheythemselvesgerminate. 【译文】花一旦被授了粉并受了精,植株就会对新生种子提供养料贮藏,以备种子未来发芽之需。 例3:Shethoughtallwasfairandlegal,andneverdreamtshewasgoingtobeentrappedintoafeignedunio nwithadefraudedwretched,alreadyboundtoabad,mad,andimbrutedpartner!(CharlotteBront?: JaneEyre) 【译文】她以为一切都是公正合法的,做梦也没想到过自己竟会被诱入欺诈婚姻的圈套,跟一个骗子、疯子、十足的坏蛋缔结姻缘。 B.译成“挨”字句 “挨”仅用于翻译该动作是对动作接受者(受事者)不利或不好的句子。 例1:Theboywascriticizedyesterday. 【译文】这孩子昨天挨了一顿批评。 例2:Iwascaughtinthedownpour. 【译文】我在大雨中挨浇了。 C.译成“给”字句 “给”也是用于翻译该动作对动作接受者(受事者)不愉快或不愿接受的句子。 例1:Ourclothesweresoakedwithsweat.

被动语态翻译练习

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