如何正确对待讲授式教学法

如何正确对待讲授式教学法
如何正确对待讲授式教学法

如何正确对待讲授式教学法

新课程理念特别强调以人为本。什么是以人为本呢?即以教师为主导,以学生为主体,把课堂还给学生,尊重学生的个性发展。这种阐述是很好的。但是,很多人对这句话的理解却有失偏颇,总是一味强调,在课堂上,教师不应多讲,讲多了便是没有把课堂的主动权交给学生,便不是以人为本的教学了。什么阅读式教学法、讨论式教学法、问题式教学法、合作探究式教学法等,一下子被抬到了过高的位置。甚至成了无所不通、无所不用的万能教学法。传统的讲授式教学法一下子变得一无是处。评判一节课的好坏,往往也是看课堂上有没有小组学习活动,有没有分组进行合作探究,如果有,那就是一堂好课,如果没有,那便是扼杀学生个性发展,是没有以人为本的课堂。我们要承认,问题式、讨论式、合作探究式等教学法,都是广大教育工作者经过长期地不断地探索总结并具有很多优越性和可行性的一些教学方法。但是,很多人却在学习运用新的教学方法的同时,彻底地抛弃传统的讲授法,这是极为不妥的。

任何教学方法,都必须要对学生的智力发展具有启发性,对学生的健康成长和终生发展具有指导性,这样的教学法才是好的教学法。即启发式教学,其实,启发式不是一种单一的教学方法,更不是与讲授法相对立的一种教学法,它是一种教学追求。它的基本要求就是,无论你采用什么样的教学法,都应该对学生具有启发性。

讲授法也不等同于毫无启发性的填鸭式、注入式。精当的讲解,本身就具有启发性。一堂比较成功的课,所采用的教法不是单一的,而是多种教法的艺术整合。我们的教学应努力追求方法多样、灵活。如果教法单一、一成不变,那么,再好的教法也是不好的。世上原本就没有哪一种教法是最好最通用的,说它好,也仅只是相对而已,或者说,适用范围较广而已。而在实际的教学中,不同的环境、不同的地区、不同的对象以及不同的实施者,需要采用的往往是不同的教法,所谓“因材施教”即是如此。所以,我们不能盲目地去否定某种教学法。

讲授式教学法即是以教师讲授为主的教学方法。然而,它却并不是孤立存在的,它是渗透于其它教法中的,其它教法必须借助它去完成课堂的组织实施。任何一种教学法都是离不开教师适当讲解的。作为一种传统教学法,它自有其优势:首先,从学生接受的知识量来说,教师精当适宜的讲解,可以帮助学生在较短时间里获得较多的知识信息。其次,从学生学习方法来看,教师正确的指导讲解,能使学生在学习中少走弯路。通过讲解,我们可以把一些学习方法教给学生。如果完全靠学生自己去摸索并形成自己的学习方法,那不但需要大量的时间和精力,最终形成的方法还未见得有效。第三,从学生的学习兴趣来说,特别是语文教师,如果教师讲解的语言诙谐幽默、激情四射,就不仅只起到传授知识的作用,它还能感染学生,激发学生。学生能从教师的语言中感受到语言的魅力,感受到中华文化的博大精深,油然而生对祖国的敬意。

著名教育家叶圣陶先生说过:对于教学而言,讲,当然是必要的,问题在于如何讲,讲什么。首先,要准确把握讲点。在教学中,教师应充分借助教学参考

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