2018年初高中英语衔接校本课程

2018年初高中英语衔接校本课程

一、认识初、高中英语的区别

即将开始的高中学习生活，特别是英语的学习是与初中阶段有着很大不同的：

1. 课本编排上的区别：初中的每一个单元是分为4课的，每篇中有的是对话，有的是阅读文，也配有一些练习，而高中的每个单元并不分课，而是基本上按模块(module)划分。教材把话题、结构、功能和任务型活动有机地结合在一起，既符合中国学生英语学习的规律和特点，又体现了新的教育教学理念。教材系统性强，各单元采用板块的设计形式，有利于教师灵活整合教材内容。高中的阅读文分为阅读前和阅读后的讨论、思考问题并加入了有关的语言知识的学习及练习，在阅读教学的安排上。读后活动的练习层次清楚，体现对课文理解考察的三个维度：弄清事实(Factual) —分析信息(Analytical) —判断和推理(Inferential)。可以说是极大地丰富了教学内容。除此之外还会有稍短的阅读与听力及写作等方面的练习，写作训练既重视结果，更重视过程，提供铺垫性活动以加强对过程性写作的监督。通过听、读活动从语言和写作技巧方面进行相关输入，为学生的最终成长奠定基础。

2. 在词汇上的区别：我们初中的教材已是新版本了，每个单元的单词可能大家觉得已经不少了，但高中教材中的词汇更是成倍地增加了，增加了大约2000词。这也是新编教材的一个特点，加入了许多当前常用的，新出现的流行的词汇，也是与我们学的新编初中课本相承接的，所以，为了能尽快适应高中词汇的学习，我们应该及早着手把初中阶段的词汇再熟悉一遍。另外，对于高中英语词汇的学习，大家还要知道其要求是远远高于初中的，在学习单词时，我们既要了解它在文中的意思，还要掌握它在练习中，阅读、考试中可能出现的所有意思，用法及搭配等。一词多义，一词多性，依纲不据本。

3. 在所学语法上的区别：在初中阶段我们把基础的语法内容已经学习过了，但是语法学习没

有得到足够的重视，不少同学对语法知之甚少，甚至一窍不通。而在高中我们要学习的是更深更高层次的语法。如定语从句，非谓语动词、名词性从句，倒装结构、虚拟语气等等，其中的部分内容我们并不陌生，但是初中我们所接触的还只是皮毛，高中阶段的学习会比之前的所学内容复杂得多，要求上也要高得多，除了看懂更要求会应用。语法知识是英语学习的重要内容，是日常及高考的考试范围，所以我们要充分利用暑假把之前的漏洞弥补好，在后面的学习中，你们也会重温这些知识并将之与高中内容进一步融合，为大家步入高中学习打好基础。

4. 在课堂要求上的区别：大部分的初中对学生的要求还是比较严格的，而这种严格与小学又是不同的，所以有一部分自觉性差的学生就被分化出来，在稍微宽松的环境中，对自己要求降低导致了滑坡的出现，而升入高中后又会有新的变化，对于自律要求就更加明显了。如果你是按照老师要求做的学生，那么在高中除了把基本要求做好之外，自己一定不可放松，适当增加课外阅读及一些课外习题是有必要的；如果你是不太自觉的学生，那么你要努力改掉自己的毛病，除了完成要求交给老师的作业，那些如读、背等要求也要认真完成才能使自己的高中英语学习逐步走上轨道。不管你属于哪一种，都要持之以恒，千万不可因为任何原因而放松对自己的要求，即便是你已取得了一定成绩，也没有理由沾沾自喜。

5. 在考试试卷结构上的区别：这一区别可能是影响最大的一点，我们许多同学初中英语一直较差的原因在很大程度上是由于初中试卷所涉及的内容较少而且试题结构完全不同于高中，很多人认为英语不用下功夫学，反正最后背背答案就可过关，这样成绩不错，学得也很轻松。一旦抱有这种想法，初中这个重要的打基础的阶段就被荒废过去了，这对我们升入高中后的英语学习是极为不利的，这就好比是建造没有基础的空中楼阁，肯定会感到很难，很吃力。进入高中之后我们的考试是没有比较明确的特定范围，不能靠背答案过关，而且所学所考的内容应该都是向高考看齐的，难度肯定不小，

但同学们也不要害怕，只要努力学习，坚持不懈，认真积累，完成好每天的功课，做好充分迎接失败的心理准备，然后在每次经历中吸取经验，一点点地弥补自己的不足，肯定会取得很好的成绩。

练习句子改错：每小题有一个错误（多词、缺词或错词），多余的词用斜线（\）划掉，在右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉；缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在右边横线上写出该加的词；在错的词下划一横线，在右边横线上写出改正后的词

1. It took Jack two hours climb the mountain . _______

2. The tomatoes I picked are much more redder than yours . ______

3. They have never had the chance to be there ago .______

4. Even he is old , my grandpa works on the farm . ________

5. You are terrible ill . You’d better stay in bed . ________

6. The nearest village is about one hundred miles far away ._________

7. I don’t like going out lonely after dark ._________

8. I’m fed up waiting for her letter . ________

9. Birds flew back because the fine environment . _________

10. The students entered into the classroom one by one . ________

高考试题（2011新课标）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

My summer travel started terribly .I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hang Zhou. I was going to visit a friend here and after that I would go to Xiamen for long hol iday. I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag Form the floor and then I realized that someone had stolen it. Luckily I had all my money on my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on. It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. When I finally arrived at my friend he lent to me lots of clothes. I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last.

二、基础知识回顾

考眼力指出下列单词的词性

shape woolen activity increase successfully because grateful book beside instruction embarrassed impress disappointing incorrectly aim unless from if

词性讲解

★名词单数变复数的方法

1. 基本变化:boy→______, pen→________，class→________, fox→_______, brush→__________, watch→__________，stomach→____________，

baby→________，safe→_________, roof→_________,

belief→_________,thief→_________,life→_________,knife→_________,leaf→_____ ____,, wife→_________,, shelf→_________, self→_________, half→_________, wolf→_________, hero→_________, tomato→_________, potato→_________, piano→_________, photo→________, zoo→_______, radio→______,

video→_________。

2. 不规则变化:man→______, woman→_________, policeman→_________, Englishman→____________, German→___________, foot→______, tooth→______, goose→_________, child→__________, mouse→________, sheep→______, deer

→______, fish→______, Chinese→______, Japanese→________

3. a __________ writer / some _________ writers(女作家), a______ friend/ some

________friends 女朋友, ________plan(销售计划)，_________ car（跑车）。

★名词所有格

1.a man’s voice=the voice ____ a man ; __________(beginners) class 初级班;

This is ________________ room. 这是汤姆和迈克共住的房间。

It’s less t han two _________ drive from here.开车到那里不到2个钟头。

We had a great evening at Paul’s. 我们在__________度过了一个愉快的夜晚。

She bought a bottle of vitamin tablets at the chemist’s. 她在_________买了一瓶维生素片。You’ll find the answers at the back ____ _____ _______. 在书后你可找到答案。

2. a, an, this, that, some, several, no, each, every…+名词+of +名词性物主代词/名词-’s。

This tool ____ ______ is useful. 他的这个工具很有用。

Two friends of my ___________ came to see me. 我父亲的两个朋友来看我。★代词用法·人称代词

★物主代词

★反身代词

反身代词主要用作宾语(动词宾语和介词宾语)和同位语。如：

All of them enjoyed __________. 所有的人都玩得很好。

Help _________ to some fish. 请自己动手吃点鱼吧。

You don’t seem yourself today. 你今天___________________。

★不定代词

1. some 和any

I must get ______ fruit in the market.

Do you have _______ books for children?

Would you like ______ bananas?

You can read ______ of the books. 你可以看这些书中的任何一本。

2. all /both/ either/ neither/none

Copper and silver are _____ metals. 铜和银都是金属。

Not ______ women like the word Ms. 并非所有的女性都喜欢Ms这个词。

_________ of the telephones are/is working. 所有的电话都坏了。

______ of us enjoy getting up early. 我们俩谁也不喜欢早起。

There are trees on ______ side (=on both sides). 两边都有树。

3. each 和every

The students ________ have a dictionary. 学生每人有一本字典。

He comes home ________ two weeks. 他每隔两周回家一次。

4. other, the other, others, the others

Don’t cut in when ________ are talking. 别人说话时别插话。

Only Jim was there. ____________had left. 只有吉姆在那儿，其余的人都离开了。There are ________ways to do this exercise. 做这个练习还可用别的方法。

It is hard to tell the twin brothers one from ___________. 这对孪生兄弟很难辨认。

5. much 和many

His name is familiar to ______ people. 他的名字许多人熟悉。

The children have too _______ homework to do. 孩子们家庭作业太多。

6. few 和a few ; little 和a little

_________ apples remained on the tree. 树上没什么苹果了。

_________ apples remained on the tree. 树上还剩有几个苹果。

I have ________ spare time. 我很少有空余时间。

I have ________ spare time. 我有一点点空余时间。

7.复合不定代词somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, someone, anyone, everyone, no one, something, anything, everything, nothing

(1)复合代词后习惯上不接表示范围的of 短语，但分开写的any one, every one 等却可以接of 短语。如：__________ of us agrees to stay. 我们每个人都同意留下。

(2)修饰复合不定代词的形容词必须置于其后。如：

判断对错：发生什么特别的事情了吗?

Has special anything happened? （）

Has anything special happened? （）

★it的特殊用法

1. There is a knock on the door. _______ must be the postman. 有人在敲门，一定是邮递员。

2. _______________to go there now. 现在去那儿已经太迟了。

_____________all day yesterday. 昨天下了一天的雨。

3. It’s time _____/____ ______sth. 该做某事了。/ It’s time ______ sb to do sth. 某人该干某事了。

It is time _________________________________. 是我们努力学习英语的时间了。

4. (1) It + be + adj. to do sth/ doing sth./ that-clause/ wh-clause.

___________________ to remember this. 记住这一点很重要。

It’s unknown ____________________. 他什么时候来还不知道。

(2) It + be + adj. for (of) sb to do sth 某人做某事……

It is hard ____ him to make up his mind.

It was foolish ____ her to say such a thing.

(3) It takes/took sb + 时间段+ to do sth. 某人做某事花了……时间

It ______ years to master a new language. 要花多年的时间才能掌握一门新的语言。

(4)It look (seem, appear) that [as if]…似乎……

It seemed as if/ as though he didn’t recognize me. 译：__________________________ 5. 主语+动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)

__________________ to do the job well. 我发现做好这件事不容易。

__________________ complaining. 我们认为抱怨是没有用的。

★冠词用法·不定冠词

1.Give me _____ ________.给我一个苹果。

A Mr. Brown wishes to see you. 一位叫布朗的先生想见你。

2.用于某些习惯用语中

a lot of a number of a little as a result as a rule have a rest

have a cold have a good time in a hurry in a word make a living

★定冠词

1. The manager you want to see was here just now.（表特指）

The computer is a great invention.（表类别）

The young should respect the old.（表类别）

2. 用在某些习惯用语中

at the same time by the way go to the cinema in the end in the past

in the morning on the other hand in the dark

冠词小练

1. My neighbor asked me to go for______ walk, but I don't think I've got ______energy.

A. a: 不填

B. the; the

C. 不填; the

D. a; the

2. It’s not ___ good idea to drive for four hours without ___ break.

A. a ; a

B. the ; a

C. the ; the

D. a ; the

3. I ate sandwich while I was waiting for 20:08 train.

A. the, a

B. the, the

C. a, the

D. a, a

4. ______ apple fell from the tree and hit him on ______ head.

A. An; the

B. The; the

C. An; 不填

D. The; 不填

5. This area experienced________ heaviest rainfall in _________month of May.

A 不填; a

B a ; the

C the ; the

D the ; a

6. What____ pity that you couldn’t be there to receive____ prize!

A．a；a B．the；a C．a；the D．the；the

7. Let’s go to cinema-that’ll take your mind off the problem for while.

A. the; the

B. the; a

C. a; the

D. a ; a

★形容词和副词·比较等级

1. 基本形式

old—______—_______high—______—__________;

big—______—_______ thin—______—___________

busy—_____—_______heavy—______—__________ ;

large—______—________ free—_______—_________

important—____________—___________

difficult—______________—______________

2.比较等级前常见修饰语归纳

It’s ___ _______ colder today than it was yesterday. 今天比昨天稍冷一点。

She’s much/ a good deal better today.译：______________________________ There are far more people than we expected. 译：______________________________ It was even colder than yesterday. 译：______________________________

This is by far the best. 译：______________________________

Hainan is China’s _________ ___________ island. 海南是中国第二大岛。

★动词·动词的基本形式

五种基本形式：动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。

A. 第三人称单数形式的构成

write—______, guess—_________, mix—________, finish—_________, catch—________, study—_________

注：不规则变化的有have—_____, be—_____, go—_______, do—_______等。

B. 现在分词的构成

study—_________, work—_________, write—_______, move—_______, get—________, begin—_________lie—______, die—_______

C. 过去式和过去分词的构成

ask—_______, work—________, love—________, dance—__________,

try—_________, study—_________, stop—_________, permit—__________。

◆注意不规则变化的动词，如：have—_____, be—_____, go—______, do—______, give--_______, leave--________等。

★及物动词与不及物动词

根据其后是否带宾语，动词可分为及物动词(带宾语)和不及物动词(不带宾语)。如：

When will he arrive? 他什么时候到？(arrive 不带宾语，为_______动词)

He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京。(reach 带了宾语，为________动词) 有的动词既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词：

He is writing. 他在写字。（________用法）

He is writing a letter. 他在写信。（_______用法）

★延续性动词与非延续性动词

根据动作是否延续，动词可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词：延续性动词就是指所表示的动作可以延续的动词，非延续性动词就是指所表示的动作不可以延续的动词。

It rained for three days. (rain为_________动词)

She arrived yesterday evening. 她是昨天晚上到的。(arrive为__________动词)

Mother bought us some new clothes. 妈妈给我们买了一些新衣服。(buy为__________动词) I waited for you for half an hour. 我等了你半个钟头。(wait为延续性动词)

注：非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。

★谓语动词与非谓语动词

根据其是否能用作谓语，动词可分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。谓语动词在句中可用作谓语，而非谓语动词则不用作谓语(但可用作主语、宾语、补语、状语、定语等)。非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词、分词（现在分词和过去分词）三种：

He lives in Shanghai. (live 为__________动词)

I want to go home. (want 为__________动词，to go 为___________动词)

He enjoyed watching TV. (enjoy为________动词，watching为_________动词)

He had his hair cut. 他理发了。(had 为__________动词，cut 为___________动词)

★时态

1．He often _________(come) late.

Summer________( follow) spring. 春天之后是夏天。

Here _________(come) the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。

I will give it to him as soon as I_______( see )him.

He will come if you ________(invite) him.

The plane _______(take) off at 11:30 and ________(arrive) in Shanghai at l:20.

2.He__________(be) here just now.

We often _________(play) together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。

He opened the door,______（rush）out and then ________(disappear).

—Your phone number again? I _______(don’t/didn’t) quite catch it. —It’s 2566666.

3. ______________ a meeting. 他们在开会。

______________ at an evening school. 我在上夜校。

I’m leaving tomorrow. 译_____________________________

My father is always losing his car keys. 译_____________________________ (不满) She’s always helping people. 译_____________________________ (赞扬) )

4. During the summer of 1999 she was travelling in Europe. 译

_____________________________

He said he was leaving for home in a day or two. 译_____________________________ She was always thinking of others. 译____________________

5. At this time tomorrow, I’ll be taking a test.译_____________________________ We’ll be spending the winter in Australia. 我们将在澳大利亚过冬。＝We’re spending the winter in Australia.

6. I’ll (=I ________/________) do a better job next time. 下次我要干得好些。

What are you going to do tomorrow? 译_____________________________

Look at the dark clouds; it’s going to rain. 译_____________________________

7. I knew you would agree. 译_____________________________。

8. I ___________ the film already. 我已经看过那部电影了。

We___________thousands of trees in the past few years. 过去几年我们种了成千上万棵树。So far there ______________ no bad news. 到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。

I saw Julia in April and I __________ her since. 我四月见到朱莉娅，从那之后就没见到她了。It is the first time that I ______________(visit) your beautiful city.

That’s the most interesting book I____________________. 这是我看过的最有意思的书。

9. By the time he was twelve, Edison ________________(begin) to make a living by himself.

When Jack arrived he learned Mary _________________(be away) for almost an hour. ★被动语态

Rice ____ ________ (grow) in south China. / The glass ______ _________ (break)yesterday.

The project _____ _______ ________ (carry) out. 这个计划正在执行中。

This road ______ ________ _________ (build) this time last year.

The cars _____ _____ _______ (send) abroad by sea. 这些汽车将由水路运往国外。

The manager said the project _______ ______ ___________ (complete)by the end of the year. 经理说这个工程在年底前将会完成。

This novel ______ ______ ___________ (translate) into several languages.

这本小说已被译成了几种语言。

When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets ______ already ______ ____ （sell）out. The environment ________ ______ _________ (improve). 环境应当改善。

巩固练习：

A.用动词的适当形式填空

1. I_______(teach) here since I finished school.

2. The students of Class Two________(sweep) their classroom now.

3. The Reads_________(not listen) to the radio at that time.

4. How long ______you_______(live) in this town?

5. ---When______you______(see) him? ---I______(see) him last Sunday.

6. Mary said that she __________(visit) her aunt the next week.

7. When I got to the station, the train____ already______(leave).

8. The desk must______(clean) once a day.

9. The dog_________(lie) on the floor when I came in.

10. She said that the car___________(use) the next week.

11. Her mother____________(cook) at this time yesterday.

12. The students _________(do) their homework.________( not make) any noise!

13. --- ______you ever_______(be) to Beijing? ---Yes. I______(go) there last week.

14. He'll telephone us as soon as he_________(arrive) there.

15. Jiefang trucks____________(make) in Changchun.

16. The radio__________(use) once in a week in our class. It____________(not use) yesterday because there was something wrong with it.

B单项填空

1.They won’t buy any new clothes because they ________ money to buy a new car.

A. save

B. were saving

C. have saved

D. are saving

2. My parents have promised to come to see me before I ______ for Africa.

A. have left

B. leave

C. left

D. will leave

3. This is the first time we______ a film in the cinema together as a family.

A. see

B. had seen

C. saw

D. have seen

4. —Why don’t we choose that road to save time ?

—The bridge to it __________ .

A. has repaired

B. is repaired

C. is being repaired

D. will be repaired

5. — Were you surprised by the ending of the film?

— No, I ______ the book, so I already knew the story.

A. was reading

B. had read

C. am reading

D. have read

6. If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you ______ fresh watermelon in the fall.

A. eat

B. would eat

C. have eaten

D. will be eating

7. — He ______ caught in the rain yesterday and is now in hospital.

— I'm sorry to hear that.

A. had

B. is

C. got

D. had been

8. The police found that the house ____and a lot of things _________.

A. has broken into; has been stolen

B. had broken into ; had been stolen

C. has been broken into; stolen

D. had been broken into; stolen

9. I need one more stamp before my collection _______.

A.had completed

B. completes

C. has completed

D. is completed

10. ---Harry! You ______ on the phone.

---Oh, _______. Thank you.

A are wanted; I come B. are wanted; I’m coming

C. are being wanted ; I come

D. are being wanted; I’m coming

英语句子成分知识

组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补足语。

一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如:

Lily likes her new bike.(名词) He gets up early every day.(代词)

To learn English well is not easy.（不定式短语）

二、谓语——说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。如：We work hard. The boy caught a bird.

He is my father. They all look fine.

谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如：

I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading.

三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。例如：

Tom bought a story-book.（名词）

I saw him yesterday. （代词）

He wanted to have a cup of tea. （不定式短语）

直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如：

He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。

间接宾语直接宾语

Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。

间接宾语直接宾语

四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如：

My sister is a nurse.（名词）They were at home.（介词短语）

She got angry. （形容词）Her grandfather is over eighty years old.（数词）五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词外，还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。例如：

This is a green cup.（形容词）

Are these students your classmates? （代词）

Winter is the coldest season of the year.（介词短语）

I have something important to tell you.（不定式）

The people here are very friendly.（副词）

注意：形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前。而介词短语、不定式短语或副词等作定语时则放在被修饰的词之后。

六、状语——用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子等，一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或句子充当。如：

We like English very much. Her uncle lives in Canada.

She was lying in bed reading. When I got home I found the door locked. Though/Although he is ill, he still goes to school.

七、宾语补足语——有些及物动词的宾语后边还需要有一个补足语，意思才能够完整。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。例如：

We call her Xiao L i.

宾语宾语补足语

You must keep the room clean and tidy.

宾语宾语补足语

John asked me to help him with his Chinese.

宾语宾语补足语

I will have my hair cut tomorrow.