备战高考英语培优易错试卷(含解析)之阅读理解及答案

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Devon Gallagher, a college graduate from Philadelphia, wants the world to know exactly where she's been while she's on her worldwide vacation in a special way. The traveler, who was born with a bone disease, had her right leg amputated (截肢) at the age of four. Although the amputation caused inconvenience for Gallagher early on, she now sees it as nothing short of inspiration for living her best life.

To spread that message. Gallagher has gone to social media, where she shares photos of her travels across the world, but instead of simply using a geo-tag (地理位置标签), she writes her location on her artificial leg before taking a picture.

Now she has been taking pictures across the Continent, which show her cycling over the canal in Amsterdam relaxing on a wall overlooking the city of Barcelona, posing with a waffle in Brussels, taking in the beautiful Parthenon temple in Athens and enjoying a river ride in Budapest, all with the well-known locations written on her artificial leg.

"I get a new leg every two years and I can choose the design on it. One day I had a sudden thought to get a chalk-board," Gallagher said. "My mum and grandmother didn't like the idea, but my friends thought it was great and told me to go for it, so I did."

Gallagher said people often stare when she's writing on her leg, but once she shares the photos, she receives only positive feedback (反馈), "My leg hasn't stopped me from doing anything I've wanted to do," she said. "I don't know if it's my determination to prove to myself that I can do it, anyway, I've been able to keep up with people at my age and lead a pretty great life."

Gallagher shows us that you should never let anything stand in the way of your dreams. And if life gives you an artificial leg, make art.

（1）What message did Gallapher want to spread in her special way?

A. She enjoys her travelling across the globe.

B. She suffers little from her leg's amputation.

C. she looks on her misfortune as another form of blessing.

D. She has exactly fallen in love with posting photos online.

（2）What does the word "which" underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?

A. the continent

B. the pictures

C. the leg

D. the location

（3）Gallapher can best be described as ________.

A. helpful and ambitious

B. friendly and generous

C. determined and creative

D. independent and sensible

（4）Which of the following might be the best title for the text?

A. Never Too Late to share

B. A Special Artificial Leg

C. An Outstanding Photographer

D. Gallagher's Summer Holidays

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】Devon Gallagher小时因病右腿截肢，尽管有很多不便，但她认为这可以激励她过上最好的生活。长大后Gallagher在社交媒体上分享自己环球旅行的照片，但她并没有简单的使用地理标签，而是拍照前在假肢上写下自己的位置。她的故事告诉我们不要让任何东西挡住通往梦想的道路。

（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中Although the amputation caused inconvenience for Gallagher early on, she now sees it as nothing short of inspiration for living her best life.。尽管截肢早期给她带来了很多不便，但她认为这可以激励她过上最好的生活。由此可知Gallagher 想以她独特的方式表明她把自己的不幸看做是另一种幸运的形式，故选C。

（2）推理判断题。Now she has been taking pictures across the Continent, which show her cycling over th e canal in Amsterdam relaxing on a wall…现在她在整个大陆拍照，应该是这些照片展示了…所以which指代的是她拍的照片，故选B。

（3）推理判断题。根据第四段One day I had a sudden thought to get a chalk-board," Gallagher said. "My mum and grandmother didn't like the idea, but my friends thought it was great and told me to go for it, so I did."Gallagher说她妈妈和外婆都不喜欢她chalk-board的主意，但她的朋友喜欢，让她去试试，所以她就去了，可知Gallagher很有决心。根据第二段 To spread that message. Gallagher has gone to social media, where she shares photos of her travels across the world, but instead of simply using a geo-tag (地理位置标签), she writes her location on her artificial leg before taking a picture。Gallagher把她的位置写在假肢上来和大家分享可知他是一个很有创造性的人，故选C。

（4）主旨大意题。最后一段And if life gives you an artificial leg, make art。是本文的主题句，根据文章内容可知本文主要描述的是截肢的Gallagher在社交媒体上分享自己环球旅行的照片，但她并没有简单的使用地理标签，而是拍照前在假肢上写下自己的位置的故事。这篇文章是想通过Gallagher的一条假肢，传达出一种乐观向上的生活态度，故 A Special Artificial Leg是最好的标题。故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、推理判断题和主旨大意题三种常考题型，细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案；推理判断题需要联系上下文以及分析特殊句式，推断出需要的信息；主旨大意题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

2．阅读理解

Whether you are a national or an international student, we welcome you to Middletown University. Our reputation is built on providing high-quality education in both academic and vocational (职业的) subjects. As well as priding ourselves on our traditional face-to-face learning, we have recently introduced a range of distance-learning courses.

What do they cost?

Costs for our coursers vary considerably. Click on each department's homepage for more information. Scholarships and bursaries an available for certain courses, particularly for those in the sciences and education.

SAMPLE COURSE OVERVIEW

BA in English Language and Literature

The main purpose of this course is to develop your ability to describe, analyze and manipulate features of the English language, and to see how these are expressed in literature. As well as taking core modules which cover these areas, students will be able to specialize in their fields of interest.

Duration: three-year course

Course: Choose 12 out of 20 modules.

Weekly timetable: eight hours of lectures/four hours of seminars

Assessment: essays, exams and an 8,000-word dissertation at the end of the third year

Requirements: academic experience and interest in the subject; good school-exam grades

Diploma in teaching

In the first term, you will learn about the theory of teaching and how to be an effective teacher. In the second term, you will also begin teaching in a school. The third term is completely practical. Duration: one-year course

Course: Choose six out of ten modules (three are compulsory).

Weekly timetable: six hours of lectures/ two hours of seminars/ six hours of classroom teaching Assessment: combination of essays and classroom observation

Requirement: first degree in specific subject area

（1）What is Middletown University famous for?

A. Academic and vocational education.

B. Traditional teaching methods.

C. Distance-learning courses.

D. Face-to-face communication.

（2）What do the two sample courses have in common?

A. They both last for three years.

B. They both require students to hand in essays.

C. They both offer total freedom to choose modules.

D. They both favor students with interest in the subject.

（3）What is the main purpose of the text?

A. To advertise certain online courses.

B. To stress the need for distance learning.

C. To introduce distance-learning techniques.

D. To suggest a way of pursuing further education.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，一所大学就该校最近开设的在线课程就行了简单的介绍，包括课程目的，时长，评价，要求等。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”Our reputation is built on providing high-quality education in both academic and vocational (职业的) subjects.“可知，这所大学因为在学术和职业课程上提供高质量的教学而获得名誉，即它以高质量的学术和职业教学而出名。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据BA in English Language and Literature部分中的”Assessment:

essays, exams and an 8,000-word dissertation at the end of the third year“和Diploma in teaching 部分中的”Assessment: combination of essays and classroom observation“可知这两门课程的共同点是都需要提交文章。故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的”As well as pri ding ourselves on our traditional face-to-face learning, we have recently introduced a range of distance-learning courses.“我们在提供传功课程的同时也提供了大量的在线课程，以及下文所叙述的两种课程的课程内容，时长，评价和要求等，可推测本文的主要目的是为一些在线课程打广告。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Almost none of us have the time to read everything we'd like to read. Yet we lose countless hours to daily activities that bring us little joy like taking buses and waiting in line. What if we could turn these little blocks of unoccupied time into precious and rewarding moments for learning and reflection?

Founded in 2012, iReader, a micro-learning app on mobile phones, brings the biggest ideas from best-selling books through 15-minute audio (音频) and text. So far, more than 3,000 books have been included, ranging from psychology and parenting to management and economics, with new titles added every day.

Reader is pioneering a new method of reading, with over 9 million users enjoying the benefits already. According to the Pew Research Center (PRC), the British read just 4 paper books a year and over 25% haven't read a single paper book this year, but reading isn't dying. There are now more ways for the British to read than ever before, due to the widespread use of e-books and audio books.

The books in iReader are rewritten to ensure it is easy to remember the main content. The way the content is edited has been specifically designed to ensure it is useful in practice. Besides, the content is rewritten with relevant examples in real life, which means users are more likely to remember and apply what is helpful to them.

Holger Seim, German co-founder of this app, declares, "iReader gives you the biggest ideas in the shortest possible time. It transforms great ideas into little packs you can listen to or read in just 15 minutes."

（1）What does the author suggest people do in the unoccupied time?

A. Read and think.

B. Write and share.

C. Avoid taking buses.

D. Bring joy to daily routines.

（2）What can we infer from the PRC findings?

A.The British benefit a lot from reading.

B.Reading methods are more important than before.

C.Digital technology are taking the place of paper books.

D.New forms of books are changing the way the British read.

（3）How does iReader make the content easy to remember?

A.By bringing fun to it.

B.By making it useful.

C.By using artistic designs.

D.By taking users as examples.

（4）What is the best title for the text?

A.iReader Prevents Reading from Dying

B.iReader Unites Worldwide Book-lovers

C.iReader: The Best New App Creation

D.iReader: Big Ideas in Small Packages

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种阅读方式：iReader。它开创了一种新的阅读方式，已经有超过900万的用户享受到了这种好处，同时也正改变着英国人的阅读方式。

（1）考查细节理解。第一段中的“Almost none of us have the time to read everything we'd like to read.”几乎没有人有时间读我们想读的所有东西；以及最后一段中的“What if we could turn these little blocks of unoccupied time into precious and rewarding moments for learning and reflection?”可知作者认为我们应该把空闲的时间变成宝贵的、有价值的学习和反思的时间，即作者建议我们利用空闲时间来阅读和思考，故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“There are now more ways for the British to read than ever before, due to the widespread use of e-books and audio books.”可知由于电子书和有声书的广泛使用，英国人现在有了比以往更多的阅读方式。即从PRC的发现中我们能得知新的书籍形式正在改变英国人的阅读方式。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The way the content is edited has been specifically designed to ensure it is useful in practice.”可知iReader通过使得目录有助于实践来让内容更容易记住，故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“iReader gives you the biggest ideas in the shortest possible time. It transforms great ideas into little packs you can listen to or read in just 15 minutes.”可知iReader能在最短的时间内给你最大的想法。它把伟大的想法转化成小包装，你可以在15分钟内听或读。再结合文章内容可知，文章主要是说明了iReader这种新的阅读方式是小包装里的大创意，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

When you live in total messiness—cookies in your pants draws, and some old New Yorkers or apple seeds in your bed—it's hard to know where to look for when you lose your keys. The other day, after two weeks of searching, I found my keys in the refrigerator. I can't say I was surprised. But I was surprised when I was diagnosed with ADHD(多动症), when I was a junior at Yale.

According to a new study, 11% of school-age children have received an ADHD diagnosis, a 16% increase since 2007. And rising diagnoses mean rising treatments—drugs like Adderall are more accessible than ever. However, the consequences of misuse and abuse of these drugs are dangerous.

Yet also harmful are the consequences of ADHD undiagnosed, an all-too-common story for women like me, who have symptoms, like disorganization and forgetfulness, which look different from those typically expressed in males.

Dr. Ellen, author of Understanding Girls with ADHD, has found around 4 million females with ADHD are not diagnosed. "The main reason is that the diagnostic criteria were developed based on those hyperactive（过度活跃）young boys taken to clinics, making it difficult for girls to be diagnosed unless they behave like hyperactive boys." Ellen says.

Besides, the idea that young women actually have ADHD often causes skepticism. As a top student, I didn't believe my diagnosis at first. My friends were also confused, and rather certain my doctor was misguided.

"Often, if girls are smart or in supportive homes, symptoms are masked," Dr.Ellen says. "Girls will hide their inability to meet social expectations. They see their trouble organizing, and concentrating as character flaws(缺陷)."

These years, I am both embarrassed and exhausted by my struggles to keep track of objects, but drug has helped it and made it more bearable.

（1）The writer presents the first paragraph to .

A. air her view with an example

B. bring up the topic of the passage

C. show young people's messiness

D. prove Yale also has ADHD students

（2）Many female with ADHD are not diagnosed mainly because .

A.the diagnostic criteria are made according to male ADHD

B.they are smart enough to mask their ADHD symptoms

C.they don't view their trouble as symptoms of ADHD

D.women ADHD are more hyperactive than young boys

（3）What does the word "skepticism" in Paragraph 5 probably mean?

A.panic.

B.stubbornness.

C.debate.

D.doubt.

（4）What does the passage mainly talk about?

A.Why female ADHD patients develop the disease.

B.Why many female ADHD patients are undiagnosed.

C.How young ADHD patients are cured of the disease.

D.How much help ADHD patients can get from medication.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】文章借由作者的亲身经历讲述女性多动症不容易被诊断出来的原因。（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段的结构和But I was surprised when I was diagnosed with ADHD（多动症）,when I was a junior at Yale.以及下文关于多动症的内容可知，作者讲述第一段的目的是为了引出下文关于多动症的话题，故选B项。

（2）细节理解题。根据文章第四段的The main reason is that the diagnostic criteria were developed based on those hyperactive（过度活跃）young boys taken to clinics, making it difficult for girls to be diagnosed unless they behave like hyperactive boys.可知诊断多动症的标准是基于过度活跃的年轻男孩来制定的，所以很难诊断出女孩，除非她们的行为像过度活跃的男孩，故选A项。

（3）词义猜测题。根据画线部分后面的As a top student, I didn't believe my diagnosis at first.My friends were also confused, and rather certain my doctor was misguided.可知作者一开始不相信多动症的诊断结果，她的朋友也很困惑，认为是医生诊断错误，即她们都怀疑医生的诊断，故推测画线部分的意思是"怀疑"，故选D项。

（4）主旨大意题。文章第三段主要讲述女性多动症的症状和男性不同；第四段主要讲述女孩很难被诊断出多动症，因为诊断标准是按男性制定的；第五段主要讲述女性自己会怀疑诊断结果；第六段主要讲述女性会把多动症症状隐藏起来。综上所述，本文主要讲述女性不容易被诊断出多动症的原因，故选B项。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题和主旨大意题，细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案；推理判断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；词义猜测题要结合划线词所在语境，推测词义；主旨大意题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想

5．阅读理解

Whizzfizzing Festival

One of the "Home Counties" to the north and west of London, Buckinghamshire is known for the rolling Chiltern Hills, its pretty villages, and the much-loved children's author Roald Dahl.

The writer who penned Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, The Witches, Matilda and The Big Friendly Giant is the i9nspiration for the Whizzfizzing Festival – which will transform the market-town of Aylesbury into all kinds of music, colour and fun on Saturday, 1 July.

Formerly known as The Roald Dahl Festival, this year's event will celebrate a broad range of children's films and bring to life some of its best-loved characters – from Alice in Wonderland and the Gruffala to The Big Friendly Giant and Harry Potter.

Things to see and do

The fun and festivals start at 11 a.m. with a colourful children's parade. More than 650 local school children and teachers, many in fancy dress, will march through the town carrying giant

carnival puppets(木偶), with thousands of audiences lining the streets to watch.

The parade will be followed with a range of child-friendly activities and workshops held in venues across the town.

Don't be late for the Mad Hatters Tea Party in the Bucks County Museum, catch a splendid screening of a Roald Dahl movie in the Old Court House, and watch leading children's authors, including Julian Clary, give readings in the Market Square.

CBeebies' children's chef Katy Ashworth will once again be cooking up a storm with her inter-active

Concoction Kitchen, located outside Hale Leys Shopping Centre. Little chefs will have lots of opportunities to get involved with preparing, cooking – and best of all, tasting – Katy's fabulous recipes.

With hands-on arts and crafts workshops, storytelling sessions, live music, a fancy dress competition, street theatre and more, there is something for everyone.

For more information, visit: https://www.360docs.net/doc/c88774041.html,/cylesbury-whizzfizzing- festival-inspired- roald-dahl

（1）Who is Whizzfizzing Festival intended for?

A. Children.

B. Film stars.

C. Publishers.

D. Children's authors.（2）Which film was made from Roald Dahl's work?

A. Gruffalo.

B. Harry Potter.

C. Alice in Wonderland.

D. The Big Friendly Giant.（3）Which of the following best describes Whizzfizzing Festival?

A. Varies.

B. Global.

C. Boring.

D. Ordinary.

（4）What type of writing is this text?

A. An exhibition guide.

B. An art show review.

C. An announcement.

D. An official report.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了Whizzfizzing Festival节日的一些有关情况和主要活动。

（1）考查推理判断。根据Things to see and do部分中的“The parade will be followed with a range of child-friendly activities and workshops held in venues across the town.”可推知Whizzfizzing Festival是面向孩子们的，选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The writer who penned Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, The Witches, Matilda and The Big Friendly Giant is the i9nspiration for the Whizzfizzing Festival”可推知The Big Friendly Giant.是来自Roald Dahl的作品，选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“With hands-on arts and crafts workshops, storytelling sessions, live music, a fancy dress competition, street theatre and more, there is something for everyone.”可知在这个节日中，有各种各样精彩纷呈的活动，每个人都可以找到自己喜欢的东西，所以这个节日是多方面的，选A。

（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了Whizzfizzing Festival节日的一些有关情况和主要活动。是一则布告，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

A great number of species make their home in the vast waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Although the entire ocean makes up an ecosystem, many smaller habitats are found within, including an open-water habitat off the coast of the Northern Atlantic Ocean known as the Sargasso Sea. Sargassum is an alga(海藻) that floats in masses that can continue for miles. The waters of the Gulf Stream push the water in a northward move into this area. This constant move and varying temperature support the accumulation of the brown-colored seaweed.

The Sargasso Sea is so enormous that one method of information collection has not been enough for scientists to obtain an accurate picture of what takes place within this ecosystem. Researchers have needed to employ several methods of sampling. Methods such as dragging nets over the surface of the water and videotaping beneath areas of sargassum have served scientists well. Information collected has shown that the Gulf Stream pushes brown algae from open water into the Sargasso Sea area, creating a diverse floating habitat in an area that would otherwise not support that wildlife.

In the most recent study of the sargassum community off the shores of North Carolina, eighty-one fish species were documented as using the area as a microhabitat. This is an increase from previous studies. The types of fish found here are both commercially and environmentally important. The South Atlantic Fishery Management Council is working to regulate the harvesting of sargassum. The Council hopes to have the area classified as an Essential Fish Habitat. Which would afford it certain protections.

Further research needs to be done before scientists understand how to best protect the Sargasso Sea as well as understand how it goes about supporting so many important types of wildlife.

（1）The author uses "enormous" in paragraph 2 to stress that .

A. the Atlantic Ocean is really amazing in terms of its size and area

B. what the researchers do is highly respected by scientific community

C. the research work is complex because a large area must be covered

D. a large amount of money for the Sargasso Sea research is needed

（2）It can be inferred from the phrase "needed to be done" in paragraph 4 that the author thinks .

A.the Sargasso ecosystem is worth our attention and needs more study

B.the scientific community has ignored this complex ecosystem

C.the Sargasso Sea is becoming a problem and needs removing

D.new methods for researching the ecosystem must be found instantly

（3）The text is mainly about .

A.diversity of wildlife in the Atlantic Ocean

B.different habitats of sea animals

C.methods of information collection

D.the Sargasso Sea as an entire ecosystem

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了马尾藻海这个完整的生态系统，非常巨大以至于一种信息收集方法不足以让科学家准确了解这个生态系统中发生的情况，这里发现的鱼类种类在商业和环境上都很重要。南大西洋渔业管理委员会正在努力管制马尾藻海的捕捞。这将为马尾藻海提供一定的保护。

（1）考查句义猜测。根据第二段中的“one method of information collection has not been enough for scientists to obtain an accurate picture of what takes place within this ecosystem”一种信息收集方法还不足以让科学家准确地了解在这个生态系统中发生了什么，可知作者在第2段中使用了“enormous”一词，是为了强调研究工作很复杂，因为必须覆盖很大的区域。故选C。

（2）考查句义猜测。根据第四段中的“before scientists understand how to best pr otect the Sargasso Sea as well as understand how it goes about supporting so many important types of wildlife”在科学家们了解如何最好地保护马尾藻海以及如何救助这么多重要的野生动物之前，还需要做进一步的研究。可知从第4段“need to be done”一词可以推断，作者认为马尾藻生态系统值得我们关注，需要更多的研究。故选A。

（3）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Although the entir e ocean makes up an ecosystem, many smaller habitats are found within, including an open-water habitat off the coast of the Northern Atlantic Ocean known as the Sargasso Sea.”虽然整个海洋构成了一个生态系统，但在其中发现了许多较小的栖息地，包括北大西洋沿岸的一个被称为马尾藻海的开放水域栖息地。以及文章内容为关于马尾藻海的一些研究说明，可知文本主要是关于作为一个完整的生态系统的马尾藻海。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测，句义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

I spend half of my life with my mother and the other half with my father. My father lives with a twenty-pound cat named Tofu. He calls me his favorite daughter. I am an only child.

My father's apartment is quite different from any other person's living space. Except for my room, there is no furniture. He doesn't like sofas or any comfortable chairs, so he has only a drawing table, a desk and his bed. He spends a lot of time lying on the studio floor. That's how he thinks, he says. Then he does yoga

He has a big kitchen, and on top of the refrigerator is an old clock he winds every week for good luck. The last time the clock stopped, my father's car was towed(被警察拖走) and some other terrible things happened, so he has become very superstitious (迷信的) . When he goes

out of town, he hires someone to feed Tofu and wind the clock so it won't stop.

The one thing he has plenty of is house rules. You have to take off your shoes when you come in. He won't allow anyone who wears a baseball cap into his house. He says only baseball players should wear baseball caps and only the catchers should wear them backward. Every time I go to stay in his house, he makes up a new rule. "House rule number 579, no television programs with laugh tracks!" he will say. But then be can never remember the numbers, so they change constantly.

The rule that he always enforces is the one that requires me to write a two-page essay anytime I want something. He didn't speak English until he was sixteen, and he had a hard time learning to write it, so he wants me to become a good writer at an early age. This ritual(仪式)started when I asked him if I could have my ears pierced when I was nine. He said it was very cruel and told me I couldn't do it until I was thirty-five. But l kept asking him, and he finally said that if I wrote an essay and I could persuade him in writing why I wanted holes in my ears, maybe he would say okay. I wrote my first essay for my father, and after one month of writing and rewriting, he finally gave me his permission.

（1）What is unusual about the father's apartment?

A.It has a large kitchen.

B.The father does yoga at home.

C.It is scarcely furnished.

D.The father spends a lot of time on the floor.

（2）Which of the following is an example of the house rules?

A.Someone is hired to feed Tofu.

B.You can't wear shoes in the house.

C.Baseball players are not allowed into the apartment.

D.The writer can't watch television programs in the apartment.

（3）Which of these statements about the clock is TRUE?

A.It is not an automatic one.

B.Her father doesn't like the clock.

C.It can bring good luck to them.

D.Someone is hired to wind it every week.

（4）We can infer that the writer's father____.

A.was a famous writer

B.was born in the United States

C.was a caring and strict father

D.speaks more than one language

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了自己父亲的生活以及处事原则。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“My father's apartment is quite different from any other

person's living space. Except for my room, there is no furniture.”我父亲的公寓和其他人的生活空间大不相同。除了我的房间，没有家具。可知，我父亲公寓的不同寻常之处在于房间里几乎没有家具，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的'You have to take off your shoes when you come in."你进来时必须把鞋脱掉。可知“不能在家里穿鞋”是房屋规则之一，故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“When he goes out of town, he hires someone to feed Tofu and wind the clock so it won't stop.”当他出城的时候，他雇人喂Tofu，给钟上弦，这样钟就不会停了。可知选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“He didn't speak English unt il he was sixteen, and he had a hard time learning to write it, so he wants me to become a good writer at an early age.”他直到16岁才会说英语，而且他很难学会写英语，所以他希望我在很小的时候就成为一名优秀的作家。可推断出，作者的父亲会说不止一种语言，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Alison Malmon was ending her freshman year at the University of Pennsylvania. US, when she got the news: Her older brother Brian, a student at Columbia University; was suffering from mental illness.

Inspired by this, Malmon formed a group at her university to organize students to talk openly about mental health. It soon blossomed into a national organization that today has more than 450 campus chapters. Leaders with the organization spend their time talking with college students about the pressure that today's young people face.

"What you hear often is just a need to be perfect," said Malmon, "and a need to present oneself as perfect." A new study in the UK proved that this need for perfectionism is simply part of today's society. In the study, two researchers studied more than 40,000 students from the US, Canada, and the UK. They found that what they called "socially-prescribed (社会定向型的) perfectionism" increased by a third between 1989 and 2016.

Lead researcher Thomas Curran said that while so many of today's young people try to present a perfect appearance online, social media isn't the only reason behind this trend. Instead, he said, it may be driven by competition in modem society, meaning young people can't avoid being sorted and ranked in both education and employment. That comes from new normal situation like greater numbers of college students, national examination and parenting that increasingly emphasizes success in education.

For example, in 1976, half of high school seniors expected to get a college degree of some kind. By 2008, more than 80 percent expected the same. The researchers also said changes in parenting styles over the last two decades might have had an impact. As parents feel increased pressure to raise successful children, they in turn pass their "achievement anxieties" onto their kids through "too much participation in their child's activities or emotions

Those in the mental health community like Malmon say they're concerned about the impact the culture of perfectionism has on mental health on campuses. "Mental health has truly become

this generation's social justice (公正)issue," she said. "It's our job to equip them with the tools and to let people know that it's not their fault."

（1）What inspired Alison Malmon to start a group related to mental health?

A.Her brother's mental illness.

B.Her project during the freshman year.

C.The pressure she had experienced.

D.Her strong interest in mental health.

（2）What may be pushing today's young people to struggle to be perfect, according to the article?

a. The impact of social media.

b. Parents' high expectations of their children.

c. The decreasing number of college students.

d. The fierce competition in society.

e. Their desire to draw their parents' attention.

A.a, b, c

B.a, d, e

C.a, b, d

D.b, c, e

（3）What does Malmon think is a way to help young people manage the pressure of perfectionism?

A.Enabling them to know what is to blame for their pressure.

B.Lowering their expectations of themselves.

C.Reducing parents' involvement in their children's life.

D.Making them aware of what true social responsibility is.

（4）What is the article mainly about?

A.A new study on college students.

B.Research into the trend of perfectionism.

C.A group devoted to helping people stay mentally healthy.

D.Various pressures that today's young people are facing.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了完美主义给当代年轻人带来的巨大压力，并分析了完美主义出现的具体原因。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Her older brother Brian, a student at Columbia University; was suffering from mental illness. “；以及第二段中的”Inspired by this, Malmon formed a group at her university to organize students to talk openly about mental health."可知正是Malmon的哥哥Brian患上了精神病让Malmon决定创办一个研究精神病的研究小组。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"social media isn't the only reason behind this trend.

Instead, he said, it may be driven by competition in modem society…That comes from new normal situation like greater numbers of college students, national examination and parenting that increasingly emphasizes success in education."可知社交媒体不是年轻人所面临压力的唯一原因，当代社会的激烈竞争以及父母对孩子教育成功的期待都是重要原因。故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的 "It's our job to equip them with the tools and to let people know that it's not their fault."可知Malmon认为年轻人应该让人们知道精神健康方面的问题不是他们的错误，而是社会以及父母给他们带来的。故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。本文是一篇说明文，前两段导入话题：完美主义给年轻人带来了巨大的精神压力，人们组建了研究团队对此进行研究。第三段第一句点明主题"What you hear often is just a need to be perfect," said Malmon, "and a need to present oneself as perfect."下文分析了完美主义产生的具体原因，并提出了年轻人的应对方法。所以本文主要讲述的是对完美主义的研究。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Traveling Tips

No Smoking

Federal and State Government Regulations do not allow you to smoke on board express coaches within Australia.

Luggage Allowance

As a fare paying customer you are entitled to take 2 pieces of personal luggage. Each must not exceed 75 cm in length, or weigh more than 20kg.

Excess luggage will be carried at the company's excess luggage rate and depending on space availability may be required to be carried on another coach.

Luggage Tips

1) Keep your valuables with you. Money, jewellery, valuable documents, credit cards, keys, medications should be retained by you and not on the coach at meal or transport stops.

2) Use sturdy, lockable luggage. Do not use plastic bags as these may split during the transit.

3) Make sure you identify your luggage with a name tag.

4) Backpacks—stow all items and do not leave mugs, shoes, towels hanging off your backpack as these can get caught in other luggage and cause damage.

Departure Times

The time shown on your ticket is the coach departure time. If you are boarding halfway and not at a travel centre or terminal you should be at the pick up point 15 minutes ahead of this time, so you can be comfortably on board by the time the coach is due to leave. If you are boarding at a travel centre or terminal, please arrive at least 20 minutes prior to the published departure time and remember to allow extra time at peak travel times.

Dress Requirements

As a courtesy, and so as not to offend fellow travelers, a reasonable standard of clothing and

footwear is required.

（1）As a traveler, you can_____.

A.take the luggage 75 cm in length and 20kg in weight only

B.leave valuable belongings on coach when going for meals

C.identify your luggage by attaching a name tag to it

D.leave the mugs and shoes hanging off the backpack

（2）Among the following traveling tips, which one is true?

A.Smoking is strictly forbidden all over the places within Australia.

B.Plastic bags should be avoided in case of split during the transit.

C.15 minutes ahead of the departure time should be guaranteed.

D.Standards of dress requirements have been specifically listed.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了旅行列出五个建议，并就每个建议进行了说明。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第三个建议Luggage Tips中的“Make sure you identify your luggage with a name tag.”可知，确保你的行李上有姓名标签，也就是在行李上贴上姓名标签以识别你的行李，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三个建议 Luggage Tips中的“Do not use plastic bags as these may split during the transit.”可知，不要使用塑料袋，因为塑料袋可能会在运输过程中裂开，所以在运输过程中避免使用塑料袋以防裂开。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇旅游类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

Positive thinking is a significant element of happiness. In order to become a positive thinker, determination and consistency are important. The first thing to know about positive thinking is that everyone can do it. With certain cognitive (认知的) and behavioral changes, we can all become positive thinkers. Another important factor is that being a positive thinker does not mean you become numb to anything that is not working properly in your life or is negative - it just means that you approach life and face challenges with a healthier outlook.

Instead of selectively attending to negative events, focus on the positive ones. Then pay attention to the delayed consequences of your behavior rather than the immediate ones. For example, if a job is not going like you want, focus on the fact that you have a job and how you can take your time to make the situation better.

Challenge any internal attributions and see if you compare your behavior to standards that are excessively rigid and perfectionistic. If so, change these and be reasonable with your comparisons. For example, if you constantly compare your weaknesses with other people's strengths, then switch this and compare yourself with those who are doing poorer than you as well. Overall, people who focus more on their strengths than their weaknesses but at the same time are aware of their weaknesses have a healthier self-evaluation result.

When faced with too much fear about a situation, imagine the worst case and visualize a solution for it, then let go of fear. This way, you will be prepared for anything and your fear will not block you from being open and creative to different solutions. For example, if you are constantly worried about losing your job up to a point where it is creating a lot of anxiety and fear and is effecting your performance and your happiness negatively, then think of losing your job, visualize how you will handle it, find solutions in your mind and then let go of the thought and the fear attached to it.

So positive thinkers are better problem solvers and have better interactions. In addition to that, people who are positive thinkers are happier and more satisfied with their life.

（1）Why is positive thinking a significant element of happiness?

A. It means that one is blind to the troubles and difficulties that exist.

B. It means that one constantly compares everything with other people's.

C. It means that one is strong in mind and has nothing to be afraid of.

D. It means that one approaches life and faces challenges more healthily.

（2）What does the text suggest about the job you don't like?

A. Quitting it and finding a better one.

B. Keeping and trying to make it better.

C. Being negative and numb to it.

D. Challenging yourself with a new outlook.

（3）What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 4?

A. Be prepared for the worst: and let go of fear.

B. Being constantly worried will lose your job.

C. Fear will prevent you being open and creative.

D. There is nothing to fear if well prepared.

（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. How to focus on the positive events

B. How to be a positive thinker

C. What to do when faced with fear

D. What to know of self-evaluation

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文为是一篇议论文，积极的思考是幸福的重要组成部分。要想成为一个积极的思考者，决心和毅力必不可少。首先你要知道，每个人都能成为积极思考者。只要改善一定的认知和行为,我们都可以做到。文章论述了如何成为一个积极的思考者。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的” Another important factor is that being a positive thinker does not mean you become numb to anything that is not working properly in your life or is negative - it just means that you approach life a nd face challenges with a healthier outlook.“另一个重要的因素是，做一个积极的思考者并不意味着你对生活中任何不完美的事情麻木不仁或是带有悲观的色彩——这只是意味着你以一种更健康的态度对待生活和面对挑战，可推知，积极思考能让一个人更健康地对待生活和面对挑战，这也是一个人感到幸福的重要因素。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”For example, if a job is not going like you want, focus

on the fac t that you have a job and how you can take your time to make the situation better.“例如，如果一份工作不像你想要的那样，把注意力集中在你有一份工作这个事实上，以及你如何花时间让情况变得更好，可知，当你有一份不喜欢的工作的时候，你应该坚持并努力让它变得更好。故选B。

（3）考查段落大意。第四段中的”When faced with too much fear about a situation, imagine the wors t case and visualize a solution for it, then let go of fear.“当面对太多的恐惧时，想象最坏的情况，想象一个解决方案，然后放下恐惧。是主题句，也是本段论述的主题。故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文论述了如何成为一个积极的思考者。因此，B项“如何成为一个积极的思考者”适合做本文最佳标题。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息的基础上，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

11．（2019?天津）阅读理解

How does an ecosystem（生态系统）work? What makes the populations of different species the way they are? Why are there so many flies and so few wolves? To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.

With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator（掠食动物）always eats huge numbers of a single prey（猎物）, the two species are strongly linked; when a predator lives on various species, they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction（灭绝）of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.

Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species---including species they did not directly attack.

And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.

Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key, scientists says because once ecosystems pass their tipping point（临界点）, it is remarkably

difficult for them to return.

（1）What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs？

A. The living habits of species in food webs.

B. The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.

C. The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.

D. The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.

（2）A strong link is found between two species when a predator______.

A. has a wide food choice

B. can easily find new prey

C. sticks to one prey species

D. can quickly move to another place

（3）What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline？

A. The prey species they directly attack will die out.

B. The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.

C. The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.

D. The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.

（4）What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4？

A. Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.

B. Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.

C. Species of commercial value dominate other species.

D. Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.

（5）How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance？

A. By getting illegal practices under control.

B. By stopping us from killing large predators.

C. By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.

D. By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）A

（5）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了一些在食物网运营的关键原则。科学家们说;因为一个生态系统越过了它的临界点，它们很难再回来。该系统将告诉我们何时适应人类活动，这些活动正将生态系统推向崩溃，或者甚至允许我们将生态系统从边缘拉回来，预防是关键。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.”可知，借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了食物网中的一些关键原则。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“When a predator(掠食动物) always eats huge numbers of a single prey(猎物)，the two species are strongly linked”可知，当捕食者总是吃大量的单一猎物，这两个物种是紧密相连的。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the

top of a food web had, a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species they did not directly attack”可知，处于食物网顶端的食肉动物对它们没有直接攻击的其他物种的种群数量有着惊人的控制，由此可推断出，如果食物链顶级食肉动物的数量大大下降，其他物种的种群将经历意想不到的变化。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Ideally the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline”可知，人类过度的活动会将生态系统推向崩溃，由此可推断出，不受控制的人类活动极大地破坏了生态系统。故选A。

（5）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Scientists have built an early-warming system based on mathematical models. Ideally the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline.”可知，早期变暖系统发出紧急需要采取预防行动的信号帮助我们维持生态平衡。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

My father loves his garden. He planted some seeds in it. But at that time I didn't understand why working in the dirt excited him so much.

Unfortunately, in early May, my father was seriously injured in an accident. He had to stay in bed for a while. My mother had several business trips so she couldn't take care of the garden. I didn't want my father to worry, so I said that I would take care of his garden until he recovered. I assumed that the little plants would continue to grow as long as they had water, and luckily it rained fairly often so I didn't think much about the garden.

One Saturday morning, my father said to me, "Christine, the vegetables should be about ready to be picked. Let's have a salad today!" I went out to the garden and was upset to see that many of the lettuce leaves and carrots had been half eaten by bugs. There were hundreds of bugs all over them!

I panicked for a moment, but then I quietly went to the nearest store to buy some vegetables. When I gave the salad to him, he said, "Oh, Christine, what a beautiful salad! I can't believe the carrots are this big already. You must be taking very good care of my garden." I felt a little bit guilty.

Coming home, my mother saw the bag from the supermarket in the kitchen. I was embarrassed and I admitted, "Dad wanted a salad, but the garden was a disaster. I didn't want to disappoint him so I went to the store." She laughed but promised to help me in the garden and weeks later I was finally able to pick some.

I carefully made a salad and took it to my father. He looked at it with a hint of a smile. "Christine the carrots are smaller in this salad, but they taste better."

Now, I better understand how putting a lot of effort into caring for something can help you appreciate the results more, however small they maybe. Perhaps this was one of the reasons for my father's love of gardening.

（1）Christine originally said she would do the gardening because she ________.

A.knew it was important to her father

B.wanted to improve her gardening skills

C.was asked by her father to do it

D.was interested in growing vegetables

（2）Which of the following was a problem in the garden?

A.Animals often dug in the garden.

B.Insects destroyed the lettuce and carrots.

C.The plants were given too much water.

D.The vegetables were marked incorrectly.

（3）Christine could secretly make the salad from store-bought vegetables because ________.

A.her father couldn't see the garden's progress

B.her father was in hospital at that time

C.her mother helped her to buy the vegetables

D.her mother helped her to make a spray

（4）What did Christine learn through her experience of gardening?

A.Always prepare for a rainy day.

B.Don't be disappointed by bugs.

C.Hard work can be rewarding.

D.Working alone produces results.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了帮养病的爸爸照顾花园的经历让Christine明

白了努力工作是值得的。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"My father loves his garden."及第二段中的"I didn't want my father to worry, so I said that I would take care of his garden until he recovered."可知，Christine的爸爸很喜欢花园，她不想让爸爸在养伤期间担心他的花园没人照顾，所以Christine说她会帮他照顾花园，也就是说Christine知道花园对爸爸很重要才说帮他照顾花园，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"I went out to the garden and was upset to see that many of the lettuce leaves and carrots had been half eaten by bugs."可知，Christine去花园看

到许多莴苣叶和胡萝卜被虫子吃掉了一半，由此可知，花园的一个问题是昆虫破坏了莴苣

和胡萝卜，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Unfortunately, in early May, my father was seriously injured in an accident. He had to stay in bed for a while."可知，Christine的爸爸在一次事故中

受了重伤，需要卧床养伤，看不到菜园的进展，所以Christine才能偷偷地用商店里买来的

蔬菜做沙拉，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Now, I better understand how putting a lot of effort