带式输送机技术的最新发展——外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

附录A

带式输送机技术的最新发展

M. A. AlspaughOverland Conveyor Co., Inc.

MINExpo 2004拉斯维加斯, 内华达州，美国，9，27, 2004

摘要

粒状材料运输要求带式输送机具有更远的输送距离、更复杂的输送路线和更大的输送量。为了适应社会的发展，输送机需要在系统设计、系统分析、数值仿真领域向更高层次发展。传统水平曲线和现代中间驱动的应用改变和扩大了带式输送机发展的可能性。本文回顾了为保证输送机的可靠性和可用性而运用数字工具的一些复杂带式输送机。

前言

虽然这篇文章的标题表明在皮带输送机技术中将提出“新”发展，但是提到的大多思想和方法都已存在很长时间了。我们不怀疑被提出一些部件或想法将是“新”的对你们大部分人来说。所谓的“新”就是利用成熟的技术和部件组成特别的、复杂的系统；“新”就是利用系统设计工具和方法，汇集一些部件组成独特的输送机系统，并解决大量粒状原料的装卸问题；“新”就是在第一次系统试验(委任)之前利用日益成熟的计算机技术进行准确节能计算机模拟。

同样，本文的重点是特定复杂系统设计及满足长距离输送的要求。

这四个具体课题将覆盖：

●托辊阻力

●节能

●动力分散

●分析与仿真

节能

减小设备整体电力消费是所有项目的一个重要方面，皮带输送机是也不例外。虽然与其他运输方法比较皮带输送机总是运输大吨位高效率的手段，但是减少带式输送机的功率消耗的方法还是很多的。皮带输送机的主要阻力组成部分有：

●托辊阻力

●托辊与皮带的摩擦力

●材料或输送带弯曲下垂引起的阻力

●重力

这些阻力加上一些混杂阻力组成输送材料所需的力。1

在一台输送长度400米的典型短距离输送机中,力可以分为如图1所示的几个部分，图中可以看出提升力所占比例最大，而阻力还是占绝大部分。

图1

在高倾斜输送带中如矿用露天倾斜输送带，所受力可分解为图2所示的几个部分，其中提升力仍占巨大比例。由于重力是无法避免的，因此没有好的方法减少倾斜式输送机所受力。

图 2

但是在长距离陆上输送机中，所受力更趋向图3所示的几个部分，不难看出摩擦力几乎是所受力的全部。这种情况下考虑主要受力才是最重要的。

图 3

力量演算具体是超出本文的范围之外，但是值得一提的是，在过去几年对所有四个区域橡胶凹进、对准线和材料或者传送带弯曲等方面的重要研究都在进行。并且，虽然在处理每特定区域时大家有不同意见，通常对整体项目经济是必要和重要的是被大家被接受的。

在2004个SME年会上，MAN Takraf的Walter Kung介绍了题为“Henderson粗糙矿石输送系统—回顾组装、起动和操作”2。这个项目在1999年12月被实施并且包括一个24公里(3飞行)陆上转达的系统替换地下矿碾碎路轨货车使用系统。

图4 - Henderson PC2到PC3调动站

最长的传动机在这个系统(PC2)是16.28公里长与475m升距。最重要的系统事实是提供的功率(4000千瓦在1783 mtph 和4.6 m/s)的50% 被要求用来转动一条空载的带子，因此输送系统的效率是很重要的。需密切注意托辊、传送带盖子橡胶和对准线。用文件说明有关的效率的差别是的一种方法，使用"相等的摩擦系数f"的22101标准定义作为比较主要抵抗的总数的另一种方法。过去，象这样典型输送装置的综合设计噪音系数大约是0.016f。MAN Takraf正估计他们对力的敏感达到到0.011的f，超过30%的削减。这在减少设备建造成本上做出了重大贡献。通过六次的实际动态测量显示价值是0.0075，甚至比期望值低30%。Kung先生强调这将在仅仅用电费用一项上每年减少费用10万美元。

线路优化

图5 –中国天津

水平适应性

当然最高效率的材料运输方式是从一点到下一点的直线输送。但是，由于自然和认为障碍的存在，我们在长距离输送过程中直接直线输送的可能性越来越小。第一台水平弯曲输送机已在很多年前安装使用，但它今天似乎关于安装的每台陆上传动机在方向至少有一个水平变化。并且今天的技术允许设计师相对地容易地调整这些曲线。

图5和图6显示的是把煤从蕴藏地运输到中国天津港口管理处的陆上输送装置。这套运输机由E.J. O’Donovan & Associates设计，由Continental Conveyor Ltd of Australia 公司承建，长达9千米的输送距离4台1500千万电机驱动运输能力达6000 mtph 。

图6 –天津输送线平面图

Wyodak矿位于美国怀俄明州粉河流域，是记录中最古老的连续经营的煤矿，自1923年运营至今。它一般运用坡面(图7)从新的矿坑到装置756m (2,482 ft)与700m (2,300 ft)水平的半径。这表明由于水平轮的应用输送机不需要设计太长3。

图7- Wyodak 煤矿

隧道式

如通过没有水平曲线线路，另一项产业，隧道挖掘，就不能使用带式输送机了。隧道就想象废水和运输那样的基础设施在全世界有。移动隧道粪肥的最有效率的方法通过把推进的输送装置和隧道机器的后部连结起来。但

是这些隧道极少是直的。

这里有一个例子，西班牙10.9m直径隧道的在巴塞罗那之下作为地铁(火车)引伸项目一部分。大陆输送机机有限公司安装了前 4.7km传动机如图8和9所显示和最近接受合同安装第二台8.39公里输送机。

图8- 巴塞罗那隧道平面图

图9- 隧道内部

另一个例子，肯珀建设边境时，建设一个直径3.6米长6.18公里的隧道作为大都市圣路易斯的下水道区。鲍姆加特纳隧道(图10)将装有600毫米宽的用4个中间运动用带子系住的6.1 公里输送装置。

中英文文献翻译

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附件1：外文资料翻译译文客户关系管理战略研究 Goy Kakus 摘要客户关系管理解决方案，通过为你提供客户业务数据来帮助你提供客户想要的服务或产品,提供更好的客户服务、交叉销售和更有效的销售,达成交易,保留现有客户并更好地理解你的客户是谁。本文探讨了客户关系管理模型在获得、保持与发展策略方面的优势。然而,我们对其定义和意义还存在一些困惑。本文通过考察关系营销和其他学科方面的相关文献，解释了客户关系管理的概念基础,从而对客户关系管理的知识作出了贡献。关键词:客户关系管理模型, 客户关系管理的博弈改变者与关键策略引言 CRM 是客户关系管理的简称。它的特征在于公司与客户的沟通,无论是销售还是服务相关的。客户关系管理这一术语经常用来解释企业客户关系,客户关系管理系统也以同样的方式被用来处理商业联系, 赢得客户,达成合同和赢得销售。客户关系管理通常被考虑作为一个业务策略，从而使企业能够: *了解客户 *通过更好的客户体验留住客户 *吸引新客户 *赢得新客户和达成合同 *提高盈利 *减少客户管理成本 *通过服务台等工具软件,电子邮件组织者和不同类型的企业应用程序，企业业务经常寻求个性化的在线体验。设计精良的客户关系管理包括以下特征: 1．客户关系管理是一种以顾客为中心并以客户投入为基础的服务响应，一对一的解决客户的必需品, 买家和卖家服务中心直接在线互动,帮助客户解决他

英文文献及中文翻译

毕业设计说明书英文文献及中文翻译学院：专 2011年6月电子与计算机科学技术软件工程

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变电站_外文翻译_外文文献_英文文献_变电站的综合概述

英文翻译 A comprehensive overview of substations Along with the economic development and the modern industry developments of quick rising, the design of the power supply system become more and more completely and system. Because the quickly increase electricity of factories, it also increases seriously to the dependable index of the economic condition, power supply in quantity. Therefore they need the higher and more perfect request to the power supply. Whether Design reasonable, not only affect directly the base investment and circulate the expenses with have the metal depletion in colour metal, but also will reflect the dependable in power supply and the safe in many facts. In a word, it is close with the economic performance and the safety of the people. The substation is an importance part of the electric power system, it is consisted of the electric appliances equipments and the Transmission and the Distribution. It obtains the electric power from the electric power system, through its function of transformation and assign, transport and safety. Then transport the power to every place with safe, dependable, and economical. As an important part of power’s transport and control, the transformer substation must change the mode of the traditional design and control, then can adapt to the modern electric power system, the development of modern industry and the of trend of the society life. Electric power industry is one of the foundations of national industry and national economic development to industry, it is a coal, oil, natural gas, hydropower, nuclear power, wind power and other energy conversion into electrical energy of the secondary energy industry, it for the other departments of the national economy fast and stable development of the provision of adequate power, and its level of development is a reflection of the country's economic development an important indicator of the level. As the power in the industry and the importance of the national economy, electricity transmission and distribution of electric energy used in these areas is an indispensable component.。Therefore, power transmission and distribution is critical. Substation is to enable superior power plant power plants or power after adjustments to the lower load of books is an important part of power transmission. Operation of its functions, the capacity of a direct impact on the size of the lower load power, thereby affecting the industrial production and power consumption.Substation system if a link failure, the system will protect the part of action. May result in power outages and so on, to the production and living a great disadvantage. Therefore, the substation in the electric power system for the protection of electricity reliability,

仪表板外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

Dashboard From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about a control panel placed in the front of the car. For other uses, see Dashboard (disambiguation). The dashboard of a Bentley Continental GTC car A dashboard (also called dash, instrument panel (IP), or fascia) is a control panel located directly ahead of a vehicle's driver, displaying instrumentation and controls for the vehicle's operation. Contents 1.Etymology 2.Dashboard features 3.Padding and safety 4.Fashion in instrumentation 5.See also 6.References Etymology Horse-drawn carriage dashboard Originally, the word dashboard applied to a barrier of wood or leather fixed at the front of a horse-drawn carriage or sleigh to protect the driver from mud or other debris "dashed up" (thrown up) by the horses' hooves.[1] Commonly these boards did not perform any additional function other than providing a convenient handhold for ascending into the driver's seat, or a small clip with which to secure the reins when not in use. When the first "horseless carriages" were constructed in the late 19th century, with engines mounted beneath the driver such as the Daimler Stahlradwagen, the simple dashboard was retained to protect occupants from debris thrown up by the cars' front wheels. However, as car design evolved to position the motor in front of the driver, the dashboard became a panel that protected vehicle occupants from the heat and oil of the engine. With gradually increasing mechanical complexity, this panel formed a convenient location for the placement of gauges and minor controls, and from this evolved the modern instrument panel,

工商管理专业外文文献翻译

Project Budget Monitor and Control Author：Yin Guo-li Nationality：American Derivation：Management Science and Engineering.Montreal: Mar 20, 2010 . With the marketing competitiveness growing, it is more and more critical in budget control of each project. This paper discusses that in the construction phase, how can a project manager be successful in budget control. There are many methods discussed in this paper, it reveals that to be successful, the project manager must concern all this methods. 1. INTRODUCTION The survey shows that most projects encounter cost over-runs (Williams Ackermann, Eden, 2002,pl92). According to Wright (1997)'s research, a good rule of thumb is to add a minimum of 50% to the first estimate of the budget (Gardiner and Stewart, 1998, p251). It indicates that project is very complex and full of challenge. Many unexpected issues will lead the project cost over-runs. Therefore, many technologies and methods are developed for successful monitoring and control to lead the project to success. In this article, we will discuss in the construction phase, how can a project manager to be successful budget control. 2. THE CONCEPT AND THE PURPOSE OF PROJECT CONTROL AND MONITOR Erel and Raz (2000) state that the project control cycle consists of measuring the status of the project, comparing to the plan, analysis of the deviations, and implementing any appropriate corrective actions. When a project reach the construction phase, monitor and control is critical to deliver the project success. Project monitoring exists to establish the need to take corrective action, whilst there is still time to take action. Through monitoring the activities, the project team can analyze the deviations and decide what to do and actually do it. The purpose of monitor and control is to support the implementation of corrective actions, ensure projects stay on target or get project back on target once it has gone off target。