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机械专业英语期末考试题及答案
机械专业英语期末考试题及答案

一.词汇翻译

画法几何 descriptive geometry

机械制图 Mechanical drawing

投影 projection

视图 view

剖视图 profile chart

标准件 standard component

零件图 part drawing

装配图 assembly drawing

尺寸标注 size marking

技术要求 technical requirements

主轴 spindle

主轴箱 headstock

卡盘 chuck

加工中心 machining center

车刀 lathe tool

车床 lathe

钻削镗削 bore

车削 turning

磨床 grinder

基准 benchmark

钳工 locksmith

机螺纹 thread

电一体化 mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration 精加工 finish machining

粗加工 rough machining

变速箱体 gearbox casing

表面粗糙度 surface roughness

二.将下列短语译成汉语

1.the fatigue loading(疲劳载荷)

2.the radial loads(径向负荷)

3.the thrust loads逆负荷

4.the ball bearing球轴承

5.the roller bearing滚子轴承

6.the single-row bearings单沟轴承

7.the double-row bearing双沟轴承

8.the needle bearing滚针轴承

9.the bearing life轴承寿命

10.The rating life额定寿命

11.the axis of rotation旋转轴

12.The helix angle螺旋角

13.a right-hand helix 右旋

14.a left-hand helix左旋

15.an involute helicoids螺旋面

16.an involute curve渐开线

17.the shaft centerlines轴中心线

18.worm gear蜗轮

19.the hypoid gear准双曲面齿轮

20.right angle直角

21.worm gearing蜗杆传动

22.the lead angle导角

23.shaft angle轴线角度

24.bending load弯曲载荷

25.tension load张力负荷

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c910050992.html,pression load压缩负载

27.torsional load扭转负荷

28.the bending moment弯矩

29.the bending stress弯曲应力

30. linkage(四连杆机构)

三.翻译下列句子

1. The simplest closed-loop linkage is the four-bar linkage, which has three moving links (plus one fixed link) and four pin joints.(最简单的封闭式的连杆机构就是四杆机构,四杆机构有三个运动构件(加上一个固定构件)并且有四个销轴。)

2. Although the four-bar linkage and slider-crank mechanism are very useful and found in thousands of applications, we can see that these linkages have limited performance level.( 虽然四杆机构和曲柄滑块机构是非常有用而且在成千上万的应用中都可找到。但是我们还看到,这些连杆机构其性能水平的发挥已经受到限制。)

3. The process of drawing kinematic diagrams and determining degrees of freedom of

mechanisms are the first steps in both the kinematic analysis and synthesis process.(画运动图和确定机构自由度的过程,就是运动分析和综合过程的第一个阶段。)4. The ability to visualize relative motion, to reason why a mechanism is designed the way it is, and the ability to improve on a particular design are marks of a successful kinematician.(设想相对运动的能力,能推想出之所以这样设计一个机构的原因和对一个具体设计进行改进的能力是一个成功的机构学家的标志。)

5. Kinematic inversion is the process of fixing different links of a chain to create different mechanisms.(这个过程的动态反演是固定的,不同的连接创造出不同的机制。)四.翻译下列短文

kinematic chain is a system of links, that is, rigid bodies, which are either jointed together or are in contact with one another in a manner that permits them to move relative to one another. If one of the links is fixed and the movement of any other link to a new position will cause each of the other links to move to definite predictable position, the system is a constrained kinematic chain. If one of the links is held fixed and the movement of any other link to a new position will not cause each of the other links to move to a definite predictable position, then the system is an unconstrained kinematic chain.

(运动链是一个构件系统装置即若干个刚体,它们或者彼此铰接或者互相接触,方式上是允许它们彼此间产生相对运动。如果构件中的某一构件被固定而使任何其他一个构件运动到新的位置将会引起其他各个构件也运动到确定的预期的位置上的话,该系统装置就是一个可约束的运动链。如果构件中的某一构件仍保持固定而使任一运动到达一新的位置而不会使其他各个构件运动到一个确定的预期的位置上的话,则该系统装置是一个非约束运动链。)

2. A mechanism or linkage is a constrained kinematic chain, and is a mechanical device that has the purpose of transferring motion and/or force from a source to an output. A linkage consists of links (or bars), generally considered rigid, which are connected by joints, such as pin (or revolute) or prismatic joints, to form open or closed chains (or loops). Such kinematic chains, with at least one link fixed, become (1) mechanisms if at least two other links remain mobility, or (2) structures if no mobility remains. In other words, a mechanism permits relative motion between its "rigid links"; a structure does not. Since linkages make simple mechanisms and can be designed to perform complex tasks, such as nonlinear motion and force transmission, they will receive much attention in mechanism study.

(机构或连杆构件是一个可约束的传动链而且是一个从输入到输出以传递运动和(或)力为目的的机械装置。连杆机构是由通常被认为是刚体构件或杆组成的,它们是以销轴铰接的,例如用柱销(圆形的)或棱柱体销轴铰接,以便成形开式或闭式(回环式)的运动链。这样的运动链在至少有一个构件被固定的条件下:(1)如果至少有两个构件能保持运动,就变为机构,(2)如果没有一个构件能够运动,则就成为结构。换句话说,机构是允许其“刚性构件”之间相对运动,而结构则不能。由于连杆机构做成一简单机构而且能设定实现复杂的任务,例如非线性运动和力的传递运动。它们在机构学研究中将受到更多的关注。)

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(完整word版)机械专业英语文章中英文对照

英语原文 NUMERICAL CONTROL Numerical control(N/C)is a form of programmable automation in which the processing equipment is controlled by means of numbers, letters, and other symbols, The numbers, letters, and symbols are coded in an appropriate format to define a program of instructions for a particular work part or job. When the job changes, the program of instructions is changed. The capability to change the program is what makes N/C suitable for low-and medium-volume production. It is much easier to write programs than to make major alterations of the processing equipment. There are two basic types of numerically controlled machine tools:point—to—point and continuous—path(also called contouring).Point—to—point machines use unsynchronized motors, with the result that the position of the machining head Can be assured only upon completion of a movement, or while only one motor is running. Machines of this type are principally used for straight—line cuts or for drilling or boring. The N/C system consists of the following components:data input, the tape reader with the control unit, feedback devices, and the metal—cutting machine tool or other type of N/C equipment. Data input, also called “man—to—control link”,may be provided to the machine tool manually, or entirely by automatic means. Manual methods when used as the sole source of input data are restricted to a relatively small number of inputs. Examples of manually operated devices are keyboard dials, pushbuttons, switches, or thumbwheel selectors. These are located on a console near the machine. Dials ale analog devices usually connected to a syn-chro-type resolver or potentiometer. In most cases, pushbuttons, switches, and other similar types of selectors are digital input devices. Manual input requires that the operator set the controls for each operation. It is a slow and tedious process and is seldom justified except in elementary machining applications or in special cases. In practically all cases, information is automatically supplied to the control unit and the machine tool by cards, punched tapes, or by magnetic tape. Eight—channel punched paper tape is the most commonly used form of data input for conventional N/C systems. The coded instructions on the tape consist of sections of punched holes called blocks. Each block represents a machine function, a machining operation, or a combination of the two. The entire N/C program on a tape is made up of an accumulation of these successive data blocks. Programs resulting in long tapes all wound on reels like motion-picture film. Programs on relatively short tapes may be continuously repeated by joining the two ends of the tape to form a loop. Once installed, the tape is used again and again without further handling. In this case, the operator simply loads and

UML期末考试试题与答案解析

UML期末考试试题与答案解析 一、选择题: 1.UML中关联的多重度就是指(B) A.一个类有多个方法被另一个类调用 B.一个类的实类能够与另一个类的多个实类相关联 C.一个类的某个方法被另一个类调用的次数 D.两个类所具有的相同的方法与属性 2.已知三个类A、B与C、其中类A由类B的一个实类与类C的1个或多个实类构成、 请画出能够正确表示类A,B与C之间关系的UML类图、 3在某个信息系统中,存在如下的业务陈述:①一个客户提交0个或多个订单;②一个订单由一个且仅由一个客户提交。系统中存在两个类:“客户”类与“订单”类。对应每个“订单”类的实例,存在___(46)_B__“客户”类的实例;对应每个“客户”类的实例,存在___(47)D___个“订单”类的实例。 供选择的答案: (1)A、0个 B、1个C、1个或多个 D、0个或多个 (2)A、0个 B、1个 C、1个或多个 D、0个或多个 4、 UML中的交互图有两种,分别就是顺序图与协作图,请分析一下两者之间的主要差别与各自的优缺点。掌握利用两种图进行的设计的方法。 答:顺序图可视化地表示了对象之间随时间发生的交互,它除了展示对象之间的关联,还显示出对象之间的消息传递。与顺序图一样,协作图也展示对象之间的交互关系。顺序图强调的就是交互的时间顺序,而协作图强调的就是交互的语境与参与交互的对象的整体组织。顺序图按照时间顺序布图,而协作图按照空间组织布图。 顺序图可以清晰地表示消息之间的顺序与时间关系,但需要较多的水平方向的空间。 协作图在增加对象时比较容易,而且分支也比较少,但如果消息比较多时难以表示消息之间的顺序。 14、什么就是对象间的可见性? 答:可见性(Visibility)指的就是一个对象能够“瞧到”或者引用另一个对象的能力。 5、UML提供了一系列的图支持面向对象的分析与设计,其中____(1)___给出系统的静态设计视图;___(2)____对系统的行为进行组织与建模就是非常重要的;____(3)___与____(4)___都就是描述系统动态视图的交互图,其中___(3)___描述了以时间顺序组织的对象之间的交互活动,___(4)____强调收发消息的对象的组织结构。 A、状态图 B、用例图 C、序列图 D、部署图 E、协作图 F、类图 答案:(1)F (2)B (3)C (4)E 6、在UML提供的图中,___(1)___用于描述系统与外部系统及用户之间的交互;__(2)___用于按时间顺序描述对象间的交互。

机械类英语文章

What is Hydraulic? A complete hydraulic system consists of five parts, namely, power components, the implementation of components, control components, no parts and hydraulic oil. The role of dynamic components of the original motive fluid into mechanical energy to the pressure that the hydraulic system of pumps, it is to power the entire hydraulic system. The structure of the form of hydraulic pump gears are generally pump, vane pump and piston pump. Implementation of components (such as hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors) which is the pressure of the liquid can be converted to mechanical energy to drive the load for a straight line reciprocating movement or rotational movement. Control components (that is, the various hydraulic valves) in the hydraulic system to control and regulate the pressure of liquid, flow rate and direction. According to the different control functions, hydraulic valves can be divided into the village of force control valve, flow control valves and directional control valve. Pressure control valves are divided into benefits flow valve (safety valve), pressure relief valve, sequence valve, pressure relays, etc.; flow control valves including throttle, adjusting the valves, flow diversion valve sets, etc.; directional control valve includes a one-way valve , one-way fluid control valve, shuttle valve, valve and so on. Under the control of different ways, can be divided into the hydraulic valve control switch valve, control valve and set the value of the ratio control valve. Auxiliary components, including fuel tanks, oil filters, tubing and pipe joints, seals, pressure gauge, oil level, such as oil dollars. Hydraulic oil in the hydraulic system is the work of the energy transfer medium, there are a variety of mineral oil, emulsion oil hydraulic molding Hop categories. Hydraulic principle It consists of two cylinders of different sizes and composition of fluid in the fluid full of water or oil. Water is called "hydraulic press"; the said oil-filled "hydraulic machine." Each of the two liquid a sliding piston, if the increase in the small piston on the pressure of a certain value, according to Pascal's law, small piston to the pressure of the pressure through the liquid passed to the large piston, piston top will go a long way to go. Based cross-sectional area of the small piston is S1, plus a small piston in the downward pressure on the F1. Thus, a small piston on the liquid pressure to P = F1/SI,Can be the same size in all directions to the transmission of liquid. "By the large piston is also equivalent to the inevitable pressure P. If the large piston is the cross-sectional area S2, the pressure P on the piston in the upward pressure generated F2 = PxS2 Cross-sectional area is a small multiple of the piston cross-sectional area. From the type known to add in a small piston of a smaller force, the piston will be in great force, for which the hydraulic machine used to suppress plywood, oil, extract heavy objects, such as forging steel. History of the development of hydraulic

uml期末考试题A卷及答案

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9.下面哪个UML 视图是描述一个对象的生命周期的( ) (A )类图 (B )状态图 (C )协作图 (D )顺序图 10.下面哪个视图属于UML 语言的交互图( ) (A )行为图 (B )状态图 (C )实现图 (D )顺序图 11.下面哪个符号代表包图( ) 12.在UML 协作图中,有多少种关联角色的构造型( ) (A )1 (B )3 (C )5 (D )7 13.在类图中,哪种关系表达总体与局部的关系( ) (A )泛化 (B )实现 (C )依赖 (D )聚合 14.在类图中,“ #”表示的可见性是( ) (A )Public (B )Protected (C )Private (D )Package 15.下面哪个符号表示注释( ) 二、多选题 1.下面哪些图形可以清楚地表达并发行为( ) (A )类图 (B )状态图 (C )活动图 (D )顺序图 2.下面哪些元素构成了组件图形( ) (A )组件 (B )转换 (C )关系 (D )接口 3.部署图中的节点具有以下哪些方面的内容( ) (A )计算能力 (B )基本内存 (C )位置 (D )接口 4.顺序图的用途包括( ) (A )显示并发进程和激活 (B )当不同的类之间存在多个简短的方法时,描述控制流的整体序列 (C )显示在协作图中难于描述的事件序列 (D )显示涉及类交互而与对象无关的一般形式 5.常见的UML 工具有哪些?( ) (A )Rational Rose (B )Power Designer (C )Visio (D )Visual UML (B) (A) (C) (D) (B) (A) (C) (D)

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