研究生翻译讲义资料(汉译英)

中国人民似乎没有克服不了的困难。他们正在构筑自己的未来，其规模与人民的需要相匹配。如果谁真正了解中国人民的需求需要付出多大的努力，他们就不会对这种努力说三道四。每个工业化国家在其发展的历史进程中，都有一个重大的阶段进行基础设施建设，造福于民。中国目前正处在这样一个阶段，并且面临比所有其他国家更多更大的任务。可以肯定地说，中国人民有能力完成三峡工程。

No task seems too large for the people of China. They are building their future on a scale that matches the needs for their people, who could fault this effort if they truly understood what it takes to provide for the people of China. In the history of every industrialized nation, there has been a great period of building infrastructure for the benefit of its people. China is in this period now and the task is much greater than the ones that any other country has ever faced. There should be no question that the Chinese people have the ability to successfully complete the Three Gorges Project.

我们一定要恢复和发扬毛主席为我们党树立的实事求是的优良传统和作风，作老实人，说老实话，办老实事。这是一个共产党员的起码标准。一定要言行一致。理论与实际密切结合，反对华而不实和任何虚夸，少说空话，多做工作，扎扎实实，埋头苦干。我们一定要恢复和发扬毛主席为我们党树立的批评和自我批评的优良传统和作风，在党内和整个人民内部，认真实行“知无不言，言无不尽”，“言者无罪，闻者足戒”的原则，实行团结—批评—团结的方针。

We must revive and carry forward the practice of seeking truth from facts, the fine tradition and style which Chairman Mao fostered in our Party. The minimum requirement for a Communist is to be an honest person, honest in word and honest in deed. Deed and word must match and theory and practice must be closely integrated. We must reject flashiness without substance and every sort of boasting. There must be less empty talk and more hard work. We must be steadfast and dedicated. We must revive and carry forward the practice of criticism and self-criticism, the fine tradition and style which Chairman Mao fostered in our Party. Within the Party and within the ranks of the people，we should conscientiously apply the principle. “Say all you know and say it without reserve”and “Blame not the speaker but be warned by his words”，as well as the principle of unity-criticism—unity.

说到童年，我常常感谢我的好父母，他们养成我一种恬淡、“返乎自然”的习惯，他们给我一个快乐清洁的环境，因此，在任何环境里都能自足、知足。我尊敬生命，热爱生命，我对于人类没有怨恨，我觉得许多缺憾是可以改进的，只要人们有决心，肯努力。我不但常常感念我的父母，我也常常警惕我们应当怎样做父母。

Talking of my childhood, I’m forever grateful to my good parents. To them I owe my habit of living a quiet and simple life and my “back to nature”propensity. They gave me a happy and clean environment so that I am now able to feel content under any circumstances．I have a deep respect and love for life. I have no grievances against humanity. I think many human failings can be remedied so long as people strive with firm determination．Not only do I always remember my parents with gratitude, I also always bear in mind how we should behave ourselves as parents．

万事万物由方方面面组成，而那个“男女都一样”的口号，只是向女人提出要求，却没有相同的口号要求男人和女人做得一样：一样耐心持久地抚育孩子一样任劳任怨地操持家务；一样尽心尽责地伺奉老人。仔细想想，“男女都一样”的口号曾鼓励着许多妇女竭力地建树了和男人一样的丰功伟绩，同时，女人却依然要做那些和男人不一样的事。其实，所谓“一样”的口号，使女人在做着女人的同时再做男人；其实，所谓“一样”的口号，让女人们又给自己加重了一挑担子；其实，女人和男人在根本上还是不一样的。

All things under heaven and earth are made up of different parts, but the slogan "women are as good as men" makes demands on women without making a corresponding demand on men to be “just as good as women”：to raise children just as patiently, to do household chores just as uncomplainingly, to care for the old just as dutifully. Come to think of it, the slogan "women are as good as men”has spurred women on to achievements to challenge men’s. But at the same time，women must still do what men do not stoop to. The fact is, “women are as good as men”means that women after doing what women do, must take up another burden. Let's face it, basically women are not as the same as men．

长城，东起山海关，西至嘉峪关，横跨中国北部，全长六千多公里，号称“万里长城”，是中国古代劳动人民智慧的结晶，是世界伟大的建筑奇迹之一。中国最早的长城，远在公元前七世纪就已经出现了。公元前221年，秦始皇统一六国后，把秦、赵、燕三国原有长城连接起来，绵延万余里，奠定今天长城的规模，以后历代均有修筑。现存长城，是明代修建的。长城依山势蜿蜒起伏，宛如苍龙凌空飞舞，十分雄伟壮观，是无数中外游人的登临胜地。

Starting at Shanhai Pass in the east and ending up at Jiayu Pass in the west, the Great Wall traverses up and down over numerous mountains and valleys in five of China’s Northern provinces and two autonomous regions. As it extends over a distance of more than 6000 kilometers, it is called in Chinese the Wanlichangcheng which means “Ten Thousand Li Long Wall”. It is a symbol of intelligence of the working people of old days, and also one of the great architectural miracles in the world. Construction of the wall first began in the 7th century B.C. after Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty (221—206BC) achieved the unification of China in 221 B.C... He had the fortification walls of the three kingdoms Qin, Zhao and Yan linked up to be a continuous wall extending more than ten thousand li (a li = 1/2 kilometers), which formed the essential size of the present-day Great Wall. Since then the later dynasties continued to repair and build the wall. The great wall as it stands today was restored and reinforced during the Ming Dynasty. The great Wall winds like a giant serpent along the lofty myriad mountains. It is one of the most famous attractions to visitors.

一是做出深化改革，加强和改善国民经济宏观调控的决策，主要运用经济手段解决经济发展中出现的一些突出矛盾和问题，现在已经取得初步成效；二是从总体上系统而全面地研究加强加快建设社会主义市场经济体制的问题，着重研究了金融、财政、税收、国有资产管理、投资体制和外贸体制等方面的配套改革措施，准备近期在这些方面迈出重大的改革步伐；三是部署反腐败斗争，推进廉政建设。

First, a decision was made to deepen the reform and strengthen macro control of the national economy. This was done so as to solve conspicuous contradictions and problems which have surfaced in economic development, mainly through economic means. Now the initial achievements have been made in implementing the decision. Second, systematic and comprehensive research has been done on how to accelerate the building of a socialist market economy. These have centered on reforms in banking, finance, taxation, and management of State assets, the investment system and foreign trade system．Important reforms in these sectors will be implemented in the near future．Third, the anti-corruption drive has been launched so as to foster an honest style of work.

人口迅速增长对国家的社会和经济发展、资源利用和环境保护提出了挑战，以致生活水平和人口质量迟迟不能提高。为了保障人们起码的生活条件，使公民富裕起来，中国惟一正确的选择就是努力发展经济，调整人口增长，以适应国家社会和经济的发展。鉴于目前情况，中国政府制定了控制数量、提高质量的人口政策和晚婚晚育、少生优生、每家一个孩子的生育政策。农村缺劳力的困难户可以生第二胎，两胎间隔要在三年或三年以上。

The rapidly increasing population presents a great challenge to the country's social and economic development, the utilization of resources and environmental protection, and delays the improvement of living standards and the quality of the people. In order to guarantee its people’s minimum living conditions and enable citizens to become better of, the only correct choice that China can make is to strive for economic growth and adjust its population growth to the country's social and economic development．In view of the present situation, the Chinese government has formulated a population of controlling the size and raising the quality of the population and a family planning policy of late marriage and childbirth, having fewer but healthier babies, and one child per family. Shorthanded rural families with financial difficulties may have a second child after an interval of 3 or more years.

人类对研究蚂蚁极感兴趣。我们越研究它们，越觉得它们像我们自己。字典告诉我们，蚂蚁是一种社会性昆虫。这就是说，蚂蚁是生活在社会之中的，在这些社会中，它们相互依赖。这些社会并不都完全一样。它们之所以有差别是因为蚂蚁种类繁多——事实上在一万五千种以上。但是总的讲来，每一种蚂蚁都有三种主要类型；雌蚁、雄蚁和工蚁。

Human beings are extremely interested in the study of ants. The more we study them, the more they seem to be like ourselves. Our dictionary tells us that the ant is a social insect. That means that ants live in societies in which they depend on one another. The societies are not all exactly the same. There are differences because there are ants of very many kinds-more than 15,000 kinds，in fact. But in general, each kind has ants of three main types: queens, males and workers.

西洋人究竟近乎白痴，什么事都只讲究脚踏实地去做，这样费力气的勾当，我们聪明的中国人，简直连牙齿都要笑掉了。西洋人什么事都讲究按部就班地慢慢动作来，从来没有平地登天的捷径，而我们中国人专走捷径，而走捷径的第一个法门，就是吹牛。

吹牛是一件不可看轻的艺术，就如修辞学上不可缺少“张喻”一类的东西一样。像李太白什么“黄河之水天上来”，又是什么“白发三千丈”，这在修辞学上就叫做“张喻”，而在不懂修辞学的人看来，就觉得李太白在吹牛了。

Because of their earnest and down-to-earth approach to work, westerners are, in the eyes of Chinese smartness, next door to idiotic, They are being laughed at by Chinese smartness for the tremendous amount of energy they put into their activities．While westerners go about whatever work they do methodically and patiently，never dreaming of reaching great heights in one step, we Chinese are always given to seeking a shortcut and regard the ability to boast as the master key to it. Boasting is an essential art of life just as hyperbole is an indispensable rhetorical figure．The Tang poet Li Bai’s famous lines “The Yellow River comes from the sky”and “My white hair of thirty thousand feet”，examples of hyperbole，which, to those who know little about the art of rhetoric，may sound like a gross exaggeration of the part of the poet．

一个人可以游遍天下山山水水，然而梦境里出现的，往往不是什么名川佳境，而是幼年走过的一条坎坷崎岖的小路，或是夏天曾经钻进去捉过蛤蟆的苇塘。记忆中的童年，总是笼罩着一种异样的色彩。甚至过去的痛苦，也有别于现实生活中的痛苦。就像一个人抚磨自己的疮疤；没有了生理上的疼痛，剩下的却只是一片颇值得骄傲的平滑而光润的疤痕。

A man may have traveled all over the world, but what often emerge in his dreams are not the famous mountains he has climbed nor the oceans he has crossed, but the narrow, winding lanes he used to pass through or the marshes where he used to catch frogs as a child．Memories of one's early days are invariably tinged with a peculiar color. Even remembered pain is quite different to actual, present pain. It is like caressing one's scar；the physical pain is gone, and one rather feels a little proud of the smooth and shiny blotch.

一些女权问题研究人员认为中国妇女解放运动至今仍局限在男性文化的框架中，因为它从开始就是由男人领导的，男人把男性作为妇女效仿的样板。这些研究人员提出，现在该让中国妇女自己来规定她们在社会应起什么样的作用了，她们应该争取建立一个有选择自由的社会，可以外出工作或留在家里，以便有更多的时间发展个人兴趣或为改善社区状况做贡献。

Some feminist researchers think that women's liberation movement in China is still operating within the framework of the male culture because froth the very beginning it was directed by men, who set the male sex as a model for women to follow. They argue that the time has come for Chinese women to define their own roles in society and strive for a society in which they can choose to work outside home or to stay at home, in which they can have more time to develop their own interests and improve community conditions.