2017-2018学年上海市华二紫竹紫竹初三英语自招第四讲非限定性动词(非谓语)详解
第四讲非限定性动词（非谓语）
非限定性动词（非谓语）的基本概念
非限定性动词是动词的非谓语形式，在句中不可单独用作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制，但是可用作其他句子成分。有以下三种形式：
To do --------infinitive 不定式
V. +ing -------gerund 动名词
Participle ------- -ing participle现在分词-ed participle 过去分词
Infinitives 动词不定式
1.作主语
To finish the work on time is not easy.
=It’s not easy to finish the work on time. （it形式主语，动词不定式真实主语）
It is hard for us to learn German.
It is really kind of you to say so.
在表示人物性格，特征等形容词的后面常用of: kind, nice, wise, clever, careful, careless, right, wrong, considerate, thoughtful, foolish, silly, stupid, good, polite, grateful, brave, rude, honest, bold, absurd, courageous, cruel, wicked, ... etc.
2.作表语
His wish is to become a teacher.
The purpose of the project is to improve students’ reading ability.
说明或解释主语的内容，也可表示将来的动作
主语常用：wish, purpose, aim, difficulty, function, plan, principle, problem, rule, task
*作表语时，主语部分有do
All you need do now is (to) put the books in order.
The only thing you can do is (to) tell the truth.
3.作宾语
I want to see the new film.
I promise to do it myself. =I promise that I will do it myself.
They found it impossible to get everything ready in time. (it 形式宾语，动词不定式真实宾语)
*只用to do，不用-ing做宾语的动词
agree, afford, arrange, ask, attempt, bother, choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, happen, hesitate, hope, learn, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, prove, refuse, seek, tend, threaten, trouble, undertake, volunteer, want, wish
4.作宾语补足语
(1) The rules require all the passengers to show their tickets.
I can always count on him to help at any time.
*常用于v. sb. to do sth. 的动词
advise, allow, ask, beg, command, encourage, entitle, expect, forbid, force, instruct, intend, invite, oblige, prefer, remind, tempt, urge, order, permit, require, request, want, teach, wish, persuade, ... call on, count on, rely on, depend on, long for, wait for, ... etc.
(2)He asked me to open the door.
动词不定式在作have, make, let, see, hear, feel, look at, notice, watch, listen to, observe, feel等使役，感官动词的宾语补足语时，不定式不带“to”
He makes his son do his homework on his own.
We often hear her sing in the next room. (help可以带to, 也可以不带to)
This book can help us enlarge our vocabulary.
*上述动词用于被动语态的句子中，动词不定式变成主语补足语，这是必须带“to”
He was heard to sing in the next room every morning.
He made us read English aloud. (=We were made to read English aloud.)
*I let him go. ---He was let go (by me).
(3)Scientists think laser (to be) one of the most useful tools in use today.
I believe him (to be) honest.
在think, know, believe, consider, prove, find, feel, declare, guess, suppose, imagine等词后面，常跟“to be +名词/形容词”结构作宾语补足语，但是to be常可以省略。
5.作定语
I’m always the first to come, and the last to leave.
There is nothing to worry about.
The meeting to be held tomorrow is about environmental protection.
We teachers should cultivate students’ ability to learn a second language.
The elderly is not for the tendency to have sunbath.
*介词
They are looking for a room to live in.
We have little time to make preparations.
This is a stupid place to park your bike (in).
The countryside is a good place to live (in).
in which to live
介词+which+to do (不定式) ----作定语
some wood to make a fire with---with which to make a fire
6.作状语
*目的状语
I left early to catch/in order to catch/so as to catch the bus.
初中英语语法—限定动词与非限定动词
初中英语语法—限定动词与非限定动词 1. 限定动词 限定动词在句子当中作谓语，受主语的人称和数的限制 e.g. He can speak both English and French. 2. 非限定动词 非限定动词在句中不可单独用作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制；它在句中可以用作其他句子成分。非限定动词有三种，即不定式、动名词和分词 1) 不定式一般由“to+动词原形”构成，在句中可担任各种成分 e.g. I hope to see you soon. 2) 动名词有些动词的ing形式可起名词的作用，在句中也可但人很多成分e.g. Seeing is believing. 3) 分词分词有两种，现在分词和过去分词，这两种分词可构成谓语外，还可用作句子的很多成分 e.g. She seemed surprised. 3. 动词不定式 动词不定式是一种非限定动词，分为带to的不定式（to+动词原形）和不带to的不定式。动词不定式不能单独用作谓语动词，不受主语的人称和数的限制，但保留动词的性质，可以有自己的宾语和状语，并且有进行时、完成时，被动语态的变化；同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 1) 动词不定式的完成式、进行式和被动语态 动词不定式有一般式、完成式、进行式、主动语态、被动语态。下面以动词do为例，列表如下：
时态语 态 主动语态被动语态一般式to do to be done 完成式to have done to have been done 进行式to be doing ①动词不定式的一般式表示动词不定式的动作与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或之后发生。 e.g. You must help me to do the cooking this afternoon.(help和do两个动作同时发生) I hope to see you again.(to see这个动作发生在hope之后) ②动词不定式的完成式强调不定式所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 e.g. I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.(谓语动词之前发生) ③动词不定式的进行式强调在谓语动词所表示的动作发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。 e.g. I was pleased to be talking with them. ④动词不定式的被动语态表示不定式的动作与它逻辑主语或中心词是被动关系（动宾关系）。 e.g. She was the first one to be asked to speak. ⑤动词不定式的否定在不定式to前加not构成 e.g. Try not to be late. 2) 动词不定式的作用
【英语】高考英语非谓语动词真题汇编(含答案)
【英语】高考英语非谓语动词真题汇编(含答案) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ________ in a short period. A．improved B．improving C．to improve D．improve 【答案】A 【解析】 宾语written English与improve之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。 2．Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _______, we refused his offer. A．not finishing B．had not been finished C．not having finished D．not finished 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：在这里，our work处在逗号位置，作整个句子的原因状语，这里应填非谓语动词。work和finish存在逻辑上的被动关系，所以应该用过去分词，故选D。 考点：独立主格结构的考查 点评：独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）由两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。 3．The rainforest is an amazing place, ________ with plants and animals that aren’t found anywhere else in the world. A．filling B．filled C．being filled D．to fill 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：热带雨林是一个令人惊讶的地方，充满了世界其他地方不能找到的动植物。固定词组：be filled with被……充满，此处place和fill之间是一种被动关系，所以用过去分词做伴随状态，故选B。 4．Workers have been working through the night ________ the bridge safe. A．made B．to make C．being made D．having made 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了使桥安全工人们整夜地工作。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，故选B。
初中英语非谓语动词详解
非谓语动词 非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。 Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用） Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. （wearing ..分词起形容词作用） He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch ...不定式起副词作用) 谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别： 1)谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。 Miss Mary teaches us English. 玛丽教我们英语。（teaches 动词作谓语） Mr. Li came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week. （to have a talk.... 不定式作状语） 2)谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。 Mike likes the pop music. （动词用单数第三人称形式） Lucy has nothing to do today。（do 用原形） 非谓语动词的形式变化： 不定式主动被动 一般to write to be written 进行to be writing 完成to have written to have been written 完成进行to have been writing 现在分词主动被动 一般writing being written 完成having written having been written 过去分词主动被动 一般written 动名词主动被动 一般writing being written 完成having written having been written ●动词不定式： 动词不定式是由to + 动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。(主语,宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语) 1. 动词不定式作主语： To master a language is not an easy thing. To teach English is my favorite. It's my pleasure to help you. 动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。 It's very kind of you to have given us much help. 你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了。 It's necessary to find the witness. 有必要找到目击者。 2. 动词不定式作宾语： 某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask. What I wish is to learn English well.
中考九年级初三英语专项训练七选五练习(含答案)
七选五练习 1、Lana went to see a new movie in the morning. But she didn't enjoy it. She's talking to Jenny about what happened. Jenny: You look unhappy. 1 Lana: I watched a movie in the morning. Jenny: 2 ] Lana: No. The movie was great. It was the audience (观众)..Some people were late for the movie, some took phone calls during the movie, some made noise while eating snacks and some talked loudly. 3 Jenny: That's too bad! People should obey certain rules while watching a movie. Lana: Yes. The first thing is to keep the theater quiet. We should sit down before the movie begins. 4 We should eat snacks quietly. And we should talk as little as possible. Jenny: 5 And we should take away our rubbish when we leave. Lana: I hope everyone should do these things so that we can enjoy the movie better. ~ Jenny: Me too. A. I was annoyed all the time. B. Who did you go to the movie with C. Yes, you are right … D. How wonderful the movie was! E. What's wrong with you F. We should turn off our mobile phones. G. So the movie was boring, wasn't it 》 2、Three Apples changed the world. The first one seduced(诱惑)Eve. The second one awakened Newton. 71 Here are some famous words from Steve Jobs to share. On character I’m the only person I know that’s lost a quarter of a billion dollars in one year. 72 On good design That’s been one of my mottos－focus and simplicity. Simple can be harder than complex；You have to work hard to get your thinking clean to make it simple. But it’s worth it in the end because once you get there，you can move mountains. 【 On his outlook 73 Going to bed at night saying we’ve done something wonderful，that’s what matters to me. On your working life Your work is going to fill a large part of your life，and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. 74 If you haven’t found it yet，keep looking. Don’t settle. On the importance of death -
英语中动词的非限定形式
一、非限定动词的基本概念 1．非限定动词的种类、意义和特征 非限定动词有三种：不定式（to Do或do）、动名词（doing）和分词（现在分词doing和过去分词done）。 1）非限定动词与限定动词（谓语动词）的基本区别限定动词在句中可以单独作谓语动词，其形式要与句子的主语的人称和数取得一致。而非限定动词在句中不能单独作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制。 ①He likes to sing．他喜欢唱歌。 ②They like to sing．他们喜欢唱歌。 （限定动词like受主语人称和数的限制，第一句为likes，第二句为like。非限定动词to sing 则不受这种限制，它的形式不随主语而改变。） ③The man walking in front was carrying a red flag． 在前面的人打着一面红旗。 ④The men walking in front were carrying red flags． 在前面的人们打着红旗。 （限定词be受主语的人称和数的限制，它的形式须与主语一致。第一句为was，第二句为were。非限定动词walking则不受主语的限制，它的形式不随主语而改变。） 2）非限定动词短语及其复合结构 非限定动词属于动词的一种形式，因此还保留着动词的某些特征：及物动词要有宾语，连系动词要有表语，可以有状语来修饰，而且有时态和语态的变化。 ①He promised to Do it tonight．他答应今天晚上做。 （非谓语动词to Do 的动词性质表现在它有宾语it和状语tonisht。） ②I am sorry to have Disturbed you．我打扰了你，对不起。 （to have Disturbed是动词不定式to Disturb的完成式，说明非限定动词有时态上的变化。） ③I saw a girl Drawing a picture in the house．我看见一个女孩在那所房子里画画。
非限定动词
Chapter 11 Verb (3) 11.1含义和种类 非限定动词是动词的非谓语形式。限定动词在句子中做谓语，受人称和数的限定。 非限定动词在句中不单独做谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制，非限定动词有三种：即不定式，动名词和分词。11.2性质 非限定动词具有双重性质，即有动词的性质又有非动词的性质。 11.3不定式 不定式有两种，即带to的和不带to的。 语态变化：
11.4功用 不定式可以用做主语、表语、宾语、同位语、状语和补语。例如： 1．To see is to believe. 2．It’s always pays to tell the truth. 3．They demanded to be shown the authentic documents. 4．I need a pen to write with. 5．He gave the order to start the attack. 6．I stayed there to see what would happen. 11.5 动名词 动名词由动词原形加-ING而成, 其构成法如下: 11.6 动名词的功用 动名词在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语补语等。 例子如316-318页。
1．Seeing is believing. 2．It’s no use crying. 3．The main thing is getting there in time. 4. Have you finished reading the book? 5.He meant to go hunting. 6. I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul. 7. I hate People being unhappy. 8. Pardon me saying it. 11.7 动名词与不定式的比较 1)而言一般地说,动名词着重进程,不定式着重结果. 2)动名词表示一般或抽象的多次性行为,而不定式则往往 表示具体的或一次性的动词. 3)在某些动词之后只能用动名词, 而另一些动词之后能用 不定式。常后接动名词的动词有acknowledge, admit, advocate, avoid, consider, contemplate, deter, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, evade, fancy, finish, grudge, imagine include, recall repeat risk resist stop suggest等；
高中英语非谓语动词
语法复习十二：非谓语动词（一）——动词不定式 动词不定式、分词(现在分词，过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。由于没有语法主语，也就不受人称和数的限定，因为不是谓语，也就没有时态和语态，但这些词仍能表示动作和状态，所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系，因此也有表示主、被动的形式，同时也有自己的宾语和状语，一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语，分词短语，动名词短语)。非谓语动词在英语语法中占有特殊且重要的位置。非谓语动词形式多样，应用广泛，且在句中起着很活跃的作用，也是语法项目中的重点和难点，学好非谓语动词，才能正确进行口语和书 it 所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的）。 （3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.；②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid,
pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next? （4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street. （5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way. （6）作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. （7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：①目的状语：Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了），但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③too + 形容词或副词+ 动词不定式，表示“足能…”的结果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now. 3、复合结构不定式：由for + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语，如：It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语，这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等，如：It is very kind of you to help him every day. 4、疑问词+ 动词不定式：疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语，如：How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem. 5、动词不定式的否定式：动词不定式的否定式是由not + 动词不定式构成，如：It’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting. 6、动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：（1）一般式：动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，但在多数情况下，是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，如：We decided to plant more trees this spring.（其后），They often watch us play table tennis.（同时）；（2）完成式：动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，如：I am sorryto have kept you waiting.
中考九年级英语非谓语动词专题(含答案)
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