大学 英语修辞整理及例子
1.Alliteration 头韵heart,home
2.Assonance 元韵late,make
“The rain in spain falls mainly in the plain.”
The kind guide said aside he would chop the way for us.好心的导游在一旁说他将替我们开路。
3.Consonance 辅韵
They left half a loaf in the safe.
4.Onomatopoeia 拟声The stream murmurs through the woods.
5.Aposiopesis [?'p??sa???pi:s?s] 说话中断法，跳脱“You’d better do this or else…”
6.Apostrophe 呼语Captain!my captain!rise up and hear the bells:
7.Pun 双关ball:(1)any round or spherical object (2)a formal social dance
8.Repetition 重复The rain pours and pours.
9.Anaphora 首语重复法Light come, light go.
10.Epiphora 句末重复法Waste not,want not.
11.Simploce首结语重复法This is the world’s fight, This is civilization’s fight.
12.anadiplosis 顶针With Bewick on my knee,I was then happy:happy at least in my way.
13.Parallelism 平行结构The young actor was tall,dark,and handsome.
14.Antithesis 对偶Marriage is easy,housekeepin g is hard.
15.Climax 层进法We want peace,we want freedom,we want a better life.
16.Anticlimax 突降法Where shall I find hope, happiness ,friends, cigarettes?
17.Syllepsis 一语双叙He lost his coat and his temper.
18.Zeugma 轭式修辞法We ate a bun and a glass of milk.
19.Chiasmus 回文One should eat to live,not live to eat.
20.Asyndeton 连词省略法Nothing is insider them, they were sealed up before the creation of pestilence.
21.Polysyndeton 连词叠用法I am a soul，or a body, a mind.
22.Rhetorical question 反问Isn’t it the best choice?
23.Simile 明喻Time flies like an arrow.
24.Metaphor 暗喻You are my sunshine.
25.Metonymy 借喻He has a good ear for music.
26.Synecdoche 提喻He paid the workers $5 per head.
27.Antonomasia
换称He is modern Hitler---a tyrant.
Jack is Michael Jordan on our basketball team.
28.Personification 拟人The bird is singing joyfully.
29.Parody 仿拟I had no outlook,but an uplook rather.
30.Synesthesia 通感The music breathing from her face.
31.Transferred epithet 移情a sleepless bed
32.. understatement 轻描淡写，低调陈述
1.AUTHOR &WORKS
1>William Faulkner is the author of ______.
A. Far From the Madding Crowd
B. Sound and Fury
C. For Whom the Bell Tolls
D. Scarlet Letter
Key B
2>The Old Man and the Sea is one of the great works by _____.
A. Jack London
B. Charles Dickens
C. Samuel Coleridge
D. Ernest Hemingway
Key: D
3>James Joyce is the author of all the following novels EXCEPT ______.
A. Dubliners
B. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
C. Jude the Obscure
D. Ulysses
Key: C
4>Which of the following is NOT a poem by Emily Dickinson?
A. This is my letter to the world.
B. / heard a fly buzz —when I died.
C. This is just to say.
D. Because I could not stop for death. Key: C (William Carlos Williams)
5>Francis Bacon' s _____ is a great essay on education.
A. The Advancement of Learning
B. The Importance of Being Earnest
C. The New Atlantic
D. The Learned Reading upon the Statute of Uses
Key: A
6>William Makepeace Thackeray' s most famous work is ______.
A. The School for Scandal
B. Past and Present
C. Major Barbara
D. Vanity Fair
Key: D
7>Which of the following poems is NOT written by George Gordon Byron?
A. She Walks in Beauty.
B. The Solitary Reaper.
C. When We Two Parted.
D. Childe Harold' s Pilgrimage.
Key: B
8> William Golding' s first and most well-known novel is ______.
A. Coral Island
B. Lord of the Flies
C. Treasure Island
D. The Brass Butterfly
Key: B
9> Moby Dick is the most important work by ______.
A. Jack London
B. Herman Melville
C. Sinclair Lewis
D. Ralph Ellison
Key: B
10>Stephen Crane is famous for ______.
A. An American Tragedy
B. The Ambassadors
C. Main Street
D. The Red Badge of Courage Key: D11>Robert Frost is a famous _____.
A. novelist
B. playwright
C. poet
D. literary critic
Key: C
12>Eugene 0' Neil is an American ______.
A. novelist
B. playwright
C. poet
D. essayist KEY:B
13>_____ is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare, and his representative works are plays inspired by social criticism.
A. Richard Sheridan
B. Oliver Goldsmith
C. Oscar Wilde
D. Bernard Shaw
KEY:D
14>Who is the only woman writer that has won both Pulitzer Prize and Nobel Prize?
A. Pearl Buck.
B. Virginia Woolf.
C. Tony Morrison.
D. Katharine Mansfield.
KEY: A
15> ______ is NOT among the postwar poets in modem American literature.
A. Robert Lowell
B. Gary Synder
C. Alien Ginsberg
D. e. e. cummings
KEY: D
16>Shylock is a character in ______.
A. The Merchant of Venice
B. The Twelfth Night
C. The Winter's Tale
D. Macbeth
KEY: A
17>This line "If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?' is quoted from ______.
A. Don Juan.
B. Kubla Khan
C. To Autumn
D. Ode to the West Wind KEY: D
18>The sentence "Shall I compare thee to a summer' s day" is quoted from Shakespeare' s ______.
A. comedies
B. tragedies
C. histories
D. sonnets
KEY : D
19>"Beauty is truth, truth beauty" is an epigrammatic line by ______.
A. John Keats
B. William Blake
C. William Wordsworth
D. Percy Bysshe Shelley
KEY: A
19>"Beauty is truth, truth beauty" is an epigrammatic line by ______.
A. John Keats
B. William Blake
C. William Wordsworth
D. Percy Bysshe Shelley KEY: A
20>Tess is a character created by ______.
A. D. H. Lawrence
B. James Joyce
C. Thomas Hardy
D. Dylan Thomas Key: C
21>As a literary figure, Heathcliff appears in ______.
A. Jane Eyre
B. Oliver Twist
C. Wuthering Heights
D. Middlemarch Key: C
22>Emily Grierson is a literary figure created by ______.
A. Willa Gather
B. Doris Lessing
C. William Faulkner
D. Nathaniel Hawthorn Key: C
23> Mr. Micawber in David Copperfield and Sam Well in Pickwick Papers are perhaps the best ______ characters created by Charles Dickens.
A. comic
B. tragic
C. round
D. sophisticated Key: A
24> Mr. Darcy is a character in ______.
A. Tess of the D' Urhervilles
B. Pride and Prejudice
C. Happy Prince
D. The Mill on the Floss Key: B
25> The image of the famous "henpecked husband" is created by______.
A. Washington Irving
B. Fennimore Cooper
C. Edith Wharton
D. William Dean Howells Key: A
26> ______ is a popular literary form in the medieval period.
A. Romance
B. Novel
C. Sonnet
D. Drama Key: A
27> ______ was the most important person of the transcendental club.
A. Hawthorn
B. Whitman
C. Emerson
D. Thoreau Key: C
28> The literary spokesman of the Jazz is often thought to be _____.
A. O'Neil
B. Pound
C. Robert Frost
D. Scott Fitzgerald Key: D
29>Together with Lawrence and Joyce, ______ is considered one of the three giants of the modern English novel and a master of English prose.
A. Henry James
B. Joseph Conrad
C. E. M. Forster
D. Aldous Huxley Key: B
30>_____,the author of The Interpretation of Dreams has great impact on literary creation and criticism.
A. Carl Jung
B. Jean-Paul Sartre
C. Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche
D. Sigmund Freud Key: D
31> Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Modernism?
A.To elevate the individual and inner being over the social being.
B. To put the stress on traditional values.
C.To portray the distorted and alienated relationships between man and his environment.
D.To advocate a conscious break with the past. Key: B
32>Whitman's poems are characterized by all the following features EXCEPT _____.
A. a strict poetic form
B. a simple and conversational language
C. a free and natural rhythmic pattern
D. an easy flow of feelings Key: A
33> Who initiated the name of the Lost Generation?
A. Hemingway.
B. Fitzgerald.
C. Gertrude Stein.
D. William Faulkner. Key: C
34> The high tide of Romanticism in American literature occurred around ______.
A. 1820
B. 1850
C. 1880
D. 1920 Key: A
35> The success of Jane Eyre is partly due to its introduction to the English novel the first _____ heroine.
A. explorer
B. peasant
C. worker
D. governess Key: D
36> _____ is the representative work of the Beat Generation.
A. The Great Gatsby
B. On the Road
C. Look Back in Anger
D. The Sun Also Rises Key: B
37>The most significant idea of the Renaissance is ______.
A. humanism
B. realism
C. naturalism
D. skepticism Key: A
38>The title of Thackeray's "Vanity Fair" is taken from __
A. The Holy Bible
B. The Faerie Queen
C.The Pilgrim's Progress
D. Paradise Lost Key: C
39>Who is considered the father of American poetry?
A. Philip Freneau.
B. William Cullen Bryant.
C. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.
D. Henry David Thoreau.
Key: A ( The Wild Honey Suckle)
40>Iceberg Theory is a writing principle proposed and closely followed
by_______.
A. Jack London
B. Sinclair Lewis
C. William Faulkner
D. Earnest Hemingway Key: D
41> _____ is featured by black humor.
A. Caricature
B. Catch-22
C. The Catcher in the Rye
D. Death of a Salesman Key: B
42>______ has won the Pulitzer Prize four times and Nobel Prize.
A. Ernest Hemingway
B. John Steinbeck
C. Eugene 0' Neil
D. William Faulkner Key: C
43> ______ is known as "the poet' s poet".
A. Shakespeare
B. Marlowe
C. Spenser
D. Donne Key: C
44> Robert Burns is a poet from ______.
A. England
B. New England
C. Ireland
D. Scotland Key: D
45>Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between _____ and _____ centuries.
A. 14th/mid-17th
B. 14th/mid-18th
C. 16th/mid-18th
D. 16th/mid-17th Key: A
46>O Captain! My Captain! was written in memory of _____.
A. Walt Whitman
B. Benjamin Franklin
C. Abraham Lincoln
D. Martin Luther King Key: C
47>The first book of the Old Testament is called ______.
A. Exodus
B. Numbers
C. Leviticus
D. Genesis Key: D
48>William Blake' s The Tiger is collected in ______.
A. Songs of Innocence
B. Songs of Experience
C. Marriage of Heaven and Hell
D. Poetical Sketches Key: B
49>Who is the father of English poetry?
A. Shakespeare.
B. Edmund Spencer.
C. John Milton.
D. Geoffrey Chaucer. Key: D
50>The 1954 Nobel Prize for literature was awarded to _____ for his "mastery of the art of modem narration".
A.William Faulkner
B. John Steinbeck
C. Saul Bellow
D. Ernest Hemingway Key: D
51>It is generally regarded that Keats’s most important and mature poems are in the form of___.
A. ode
B. elegy
C. epic
D. sonnet Key: A
52> 0. Henry earned his fame mainly for his _____.
A. novels
B. poems
C. short stories
D. dramas Key: C
53> Works by ______ are characterized by stream-of-consciousness.
A. George Eliot
B. Jane Austen
C. Emily Bronte
D. Virginia Woolf Key: D
54>Who of the followings is a playwright of the "theater of absurd" ?
A.John Osborn.
B. Wystan Hugh Auden.
C. Bernard Shaw.
D. Samuel Beckett. Key: D
55>In the works of such aesthetics, as ______ and Walter Pater, the theory of "art for art' s sake" is advocated.
A. Oscar Wilde
B. Mrs. Gaskell
C. Alexander Pope
D. Charles Lamb Key: A
56>The Romantic Age in England came to an end with the death of
______.
A. Jane Austin
B. Walter Scott
C. Samuel Taylor Coleridge
D. William Wordsworth Key: B
57>The Victorian Age was largely an age of ______, eminently represented by Dickens and Thackeray.
A. pessimism
B. naturalism
C. modernism
D. critical realism Key: D
58>In which novel can "Yahoo" be found?
A. John Bunyan' s Pilgrim' s Progress.
B.Edmund Spencer’s The Faerie Queen.
C. Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels.
D. Henry Fielding' s Tom Jones.
Key: C (Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Laputa, Yahoo)
59>The Bronte Sisters published the following famous novels EXCEPT ______.
A. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall
B. Jane Eyre
C. Wuthering Heights
D. Agnes Grey Key: A
60>Beowulf narrates a story taking place in _____.
A. the Mediterranean
B. Northern Europe
C. England
D. Scandinavia Key: D
1.The national epic of the Anglo-Saxons is ____.
A . Robin Hood B. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
C. The Canterbury Tales
D. Beowulf
2. ____was the most outstanding single romance on the Arthurian legend written in alliterative verse.
A. The Canterbury Tales
B. Piers the Plowman
C. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
D. Beowulf
3. Most of the ballads of the 5th century focused on the legend about
____ as a heroic figure.
A. Green Nights
B. Gawain
C. Robin Hood
D. Hamlet
4.In the 16th century, Thomas More’s work ____became immediately popular after its publication.
A. Paradise Lost
B. A Pleasant Satire of the Three Estates
C. Of Beauty
D. Utopia
5. ____was Edmund Spencer’s masterpiece which has been regarded as one of the great poems in the English language.
A. Amoretti
B. The Shepherd’s Calendar
C. The Faerie Queen
D. Four Hymns
6. ____ is from Shakespeare’s sonnet No.18.
A. “Let me not to the marriage of true minds”
B. “To be or not to be: that is the question”
C. “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day”
D. “No longer mourn for me when I am dead”
7. The vivid portrayal of ____ by Shakespeare in Henry IV has earned for him an enviable place in the history of English literature.
A . Julius Caesar B. Falstaff C. Hamlet D. King Henry
8.The four great tragedies written by Shakespeare are Hamlet, Macbeth, Othello and ____.
A. Antony and Cleopatra
B. Julius Caesar
C. Twelfth Night
D. King Lear
9. Which of the following does not belong to Shakespeare’s romantic love comedies?
A. Twelfth Night
B. The Tempest
C. As You Like It
D. The Merchant of Venice
10.The hero who has fallen a victim to his own ambition must be ______.
A. Hamlet
B. Othello
C. King Lear
D. Macbeth
11. ______ is acclaimed as “the poets‘poet”,
A. Shakespeare
B. Spenser
C. Keats
D. Chaucer
12. The allusion “A Pound of Flesh”comes from Shakespeare‘s ______.
A. Hamlet
B. The Merchant of Venice
C. King Lear
D. Othello
13. At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries ______ appeared in England as a new trend in literature.
A. Renaissance
B. Reformation
C. Romanticism
D. Sentimentalism
14. Of studies was written by ______.
A. John Bunyan.
B. John Donne.
C. Francis Bacon.
D. William Blake.
15. Which of the following is the highest form of literary expression?
A. Prose.
B. Poetry.
C. Novel.
D. Speech.
16. The 18th century in English literature is an age of ______.
A. novel
B. poem
C. prose
D. play
17. Which of the following work tells how Satan rebelled against God and how Adam and Eve were driven out of Eden?
A. Paradise Lost
B. Paradise Regained.
C. L' ALLegro.
D. Lycidas.
18. Who is the creator and a great master of the historical novel?
A. John Keats.
B. Walter Scott.
C. Jane Austen.
D. Charles Lamb.
19. Bunyan‘s most important work is ______, written in the
old-fashioned, medieval form of allegory and dream.
A. The Footprint
B. On His Blindness
C. Vanity Fair
D. The Pilgrim's Progress
20. Romanticism as a literary movement came into being in England early in the latter half the ______ century.
A. 16th
B. 17th
C. 18th
D. 19th
21. The novel Oliver Twist was written by ______.
A. Jane Austen
B. John Keats C . Charles Dickens D. George Eliot
22. In Anglo-Saxon period, “Beowulf”represented the ______poetry.
A. pagan
B. religions
C. romantic
D. sentimental
23. The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama. It was ______who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama.
A. Christopher Marlowe
B. Thomas Lodge
C. Edmund Spenser
D. Thomas More
24. At the beginning of the 16th century the outstanding humanist
______wrote his Utopia in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of the people‘s suffering and put forward his ideal of a future happy society.
A. Thomas More
B. Thomas Marlowe
C. Francis Bacon
D. William Shakespeare
25. Of the following plays ______ is not a comedy.
A. A Midsummer Night‘s Dream
B. The Merchant of V enice
C. Twelfth Night
D. Romeo and Juliet
26. The first poem in The lyrical Ballads is Coleridge‘s masterpiece
A. Kubla Khan
B. The Prelude
C. The Rime of Ancient Mariner
D. Tintern Abbey
27.Dickens takes the French Revolution as the background of the novel______.
A. A Tale of Two Cities
B. Great Expectations
C. Hard Times
D. David Copperfield
28. Chaucer was the first important poet of a royal court to write in ______ after the Norman Conquest.
A. French
B. Latin
C. English
D. Greek
29. Beowulf was written in ______.
A. Old English
B. Middle English
C. Early Modem English
D. French
30. The English Renaissance period was an age of______.
A. drama and novel
B. poetry and drama
C. novel and poetry
D. romance and poetry
1---5 D C C D C 6-10 C B D B D
11-15 B B C C B 16-20 C A B D C
21-25 C A A A D 26-30 C A C A B
英语修辞学教案
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高级英语课文修辞总结
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英语修辞学课程教学大纲
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辞特色、组织安排及表达手段。教学目的是让学生了解英语语言较深层次的表达特点和规律，辨别英汉修辞技巧的异同，能够利用修辞知识分析英语读物，提高欣赏水平和语言修养，并恰当地使用修辞手段，提高语言交际效果。 本课程对于高年级的英语语言文学专业的学生是不可或缺的学习领域及环节，它集理论性和实践性为一身，具备较高的实用价值，对于提升学生的专业水平具有重要帮助。 四、课程目标 英语修辞学的教学内容涉及词法、句法和段篇的修辞特色、组织安排及表达手段；通过修辞中的美学和非美学两套标准，系统传授英语修辞学的相关理论及实践技巧。教学目的是让学生了解英语语言较深层次的表达特点和规律，辨别英汉文化及修辞技巧的异同，能够利用修辞知识分析英语读物，提高欣赏水平和语言修养，并恰当地使用修辞手段，提高笔头及口头的语言表达效果。总之，本课程旨在培养学生针对不同目的、场景、对象，使用相应风格的英语交际能力，以及一定的研究英语语言有效表达的学术素养。 五、教学内容与进度安排*（满足对应课程标准的第2条） 本课程内容分三个大方面，第一方面为现代修辞学的研究对象、内容和方法，英语修辞活动的层次；第二方面为不同句法的修辞特色，短篇组织安排，文章写作和修改；第三方面为一些专题研究内容以及常用修辞格。
英语修辞手法讲解
英语19种修辞手法解读 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比。这种共性存在于人们的心里，而不是事物的自然属性。标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。 例如： 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow。 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud。 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale。 2.Metaphor 隐喻，暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻，是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物，通过比较形成。 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper。 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested。 3.Metonymy 借喻，转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物，而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称。 I。以容器代替内容，例如： 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了。 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着。 II。以资料。工具代替事物的名称，例如： Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说。 III。以作者代替作品，例如： a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI。以具体事物代替抽象概念，例如： I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气，他们就用我的力气赚钱。 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体，或用全体代替部分，或特殊代替一般。 例如： 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory。(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人。 2>.He is the Newton of this century。(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿。 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap。(整体代部分) 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配。 5.Synaesthesia 通感，联觉，移觉 这种修辞法是以视。听.触。嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物。通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“微风过处送来缕缕清香，仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。 例如： 1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice。(用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花)
英语修辞例子
1.1 Alliteration safe and sound 1.2 Consonance rou gh and tou gh 1.3Assonance f ai r and sq ua re 1.4 Rhyme fit or fat 1.5 Onomatopoeia The stream is murmuring through the woods. 2.1 Simile The gossip is like a net that strangled her. The news is like a dagger to his heart. He has no more idea of money than a cow. His voice sounded like a thunder in the hall. The machine-gun was shooting down the enemy like a mower cutting down grass. Habit is likened to a cable; Every day we weave a thread, and soon we cannot break it. 2.2 Metaphor The night was pitch-black. At last he felt a ray of hope. The hallway was zebra-striped with darkness and moonlight. Not all slim girls are paper tigers. He was a walking encyclopedia. Applications for jobs flooded the Employment Agency. 2.3 Metonymy
(完整word版)高级英语修辞手法总结(最常考),推荐文档
英语修辞手法 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
英语修辞学-亚里士多德的三种说服方式知识讲解
英语修辞学-亚里士多德的三种说服方式
亚里士多德的三种说服方式 亚里士多德认为修辞演讲就是对听众的一种说服，让听众形成某种判断，认同、赞成并采纳自己所持的观点或采取某种行动，因而修辞学的目标就是研究如何能够达到最大的劝说效果。亚里士多德在《修辞学》第一卷第2章和第二卷18至26章中就如何取得说服的成功作了较为全面系统的阐述。他认为演说取得成功有两种手段，一类是不属于技术范围的或“非人工的”手段(inarti ficial proofs) ，如证据、证人、法律条文等这些已经存在无须演说者提供只需要恰当地加以利用即可的条件，另一类是属于技术范围的或“人工的”手段( artificial proofs) ，即需要演讲者凭借修辞方法达成的说服论证。亚里士 多德提出了属于技术范围的三种基本说服方式——人品诉求（et hos）、情感诉求(pathos)和理性诉求(logos)。 人品诉求是指修辞者的道德品质、人格威信，亚里士多德称人品诉求是“最有效的说服手段”，所以演讲者必须具备聪慧、美德、善意等能够使听众觉得可信的品质，因为“人格对于说服几乎可以说是起支配作用的因素”(Kenn edy 1991: 38) 。“当演说者的话令人相信的时候，他是凭他的性格来说服人，因为我们在任何事情上一般都更相信好人”（亚里士多德 1991：29）。一位成功的演说家在演讲中“除了设法使受众成员进入最有利于说服工作获得成功的感情状态以及向他们‘摆事实，讲道理’之外，还必须展示出一种能赢得他们尊重和信赖，对他们具有感召力的人格，并利用这一人格所具有的威信来影响他们的决定”(刘亚猛 2004：165) 。人品诉求不仅仅是演讲者与听众建立可信性的桥梁，同时也是对雅典人所认为的可信人群品质的研究。 情感诉求是指通过对听众心理的了解来诉诸他们的感情，用言辞去打动听众，即我们通常所说的“动之以情”。它是通过调动听众情感以产生说服的效力，或者说是一种“情绪论证”(pathetic proofs) ，主要依靠使听众处于某种心情而产生。演讲者通过带有倾向性或暗示性的语句向听众施加某种信仰和情感来激起感情并最终促使他们产生行动，可以说，“对情感诉求的研究是一
英语修辞整理及例子
1.Alliteration 头韵heart,home 2.Assonance 元韵late,make 3.Consonance 辅韵sing,rang 4.Onomatopoeia 拟声The stream murmurs through the woods. Aposiopesis 跳脱“You’d better do this or else…” Apostrophe 呼语Captain!my captain!rise up and hear the bells: Pun 双关ball:(1)any round or spherical object (2)a formal social dance Repetition 重复The rain pours and pours. Anaphora 首语重复法Light come,light go. Epiphora 句末重复法Waste not,want not. Simploce首结语重复法This is the world’s fight,This is civilization’s fight. anadiplosis 顶针With Bewick on my knee,I was then happy:happy at least in my way. Parallelism 平行结构The young actor was tall,dark,and handsome. Antithesis 对偶Marriage is easy,housekeepin g is hard. Climax 层进法We want peace,we want freedom,we want a better life. Anticlimax 突降法Where shall I find hope,happiness,friends,cigarettes Syllepsis 一语双叙He lost his coat and his temper. Zeugma 轭式修辞法We ate a bun and a glass of milk. Chiasmus 回文One should eat to live,not live to eat. Asyndeton 连词省略法Nothing is insider them,they were sealed up before the creation of pestilence. Polysyndeton 连词叠用法I am a a body, a mind. Rhetorical question 反问Isn’t it the best choice Simile 明喻Time flies like an arrow. Metaphor 暗喻You are my sunshine. Metonymy 借喻He has a good ear for music. Synecdoche 提喻He paid the workers $5 per head. Antonomasia 换称Hitler---a tyrant Personification 拟人The bird is singing joyfully. Parody 仿拟I had no outlook,but an uplook rather. Synesthesia 通感The music breathing from her face. Transferred epithet 移情a sleepless bed
高级英语第一册修辞手法总结.docx
Lesson 1 1．"We can batten down and ride it out," he said. (Para. 4)metaphor 2 .Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Para. 7) personification 3. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade.、metaphor simile 4. He held his head between his hands, and silently prayed:“ Get us through this mess, will You”(Para. 17)alliteration 5. It seized a 600,000-gallon personification Gulfport oil tank and dumped it miles away. 6.Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. simile 、onomatopoeia( 拟声 ) 7.Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point.（Para. 20）transferred epithet 8 8. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished. （P ara. 20） simile 、 personification 9.and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads. simile and medical supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car. (Para. 31) metaphor Lesson 4 1. Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm around my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open. (para2)Transferred epithet 2. The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as science master and football coach at secondary school.(para 3)Synecdoche
英汉语言系统对比与翻译
英汉语言系统对比与翻译 一、被动与主动 （一）英语多用被动式原因 1、施事的原因。 2、句法的要求。 （1）为了使句子承上启下、前后连贯、便于衔接。 （2）为了使句子平衡。 （3）修辞的考虑。 （4）文体的需要。 （二）汉英多主动式原因 1、汉语被动式的使用受到限制。 2、使用受事主语(Receptor subject)导致大量的“当然被动句”。 3、当不需要或不可能说出施事者的时候，汉语可以采用无主句或主语省略句来保持句子的主动形式。 4、当施事者难以指明时，汉语还可以采用通称(generic person)或泛称作主语。 5、当不便使用被动式时，汉语可采用某些转换式来表达被动意义。 （1）处置式(即“把字式”或“将字式”) （2）“为……所”式。 （3）“是……的”式。 （4）“……的是” （5）“……加以／予以”式。 二、物称与人称（Impersonal vs Personal ） （一）、英语常用非人称，主语汉语常用人称主语 1、用抽象名词或无生命的事物名称作主语。 2用非人称代词“it”作主语。代词“it”除了用来代替除人以外的生物或事物之外还广泛用作填补词expletive。 （二）英语常用被动式，采用物称表达法：汉语常用主动式，采用人称、泛称或隐称表达法。 三、静态与动态（Static vs. Dynamic) 1、名词化倾向是英语的特征之一 2、名词作为施事者对动词的替代 3、名词构成标题式短语对形容词的替代 4、名词优势引起的介词优势 5、动词的弱化 6、形容词副词对动词的替代 7、动词连用是汉语的常态 8、动词可以充当汉语的任何句子成份 9、汉语句子中的动词可重复重叠
英文修辞手法总结
1.Simile明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）
英语写作指导：常见的英语修辞
修辞手法(figure of speech)修辞手法是通过修饰、调整语句，运用特定的表达形式以提高语言表达作用的方式和方法。修辞不仅仅在中文里很常见，在英文里也是多种多样。这篇文章里，我们就来谈一谈英文中常见的修辞手法。 1.simile1明喻 A simile is a figure of speech in which two fundamentally unlike things are explicitly3 compared, usually in a phrase introduced by like or as. 明喻是常用as或like等词将两种不同事物通过比较而连接起来的一种修辞手法。 让我们看几个例子： Good coffee is like friendship: rich and warm and strong. 好的咖啡如同友谊，丰厚，温暖，热烈。 Life is rather like opening a tin of sardines4. We're all of us looking for the key. 人生就像一罐沙丁鱼，我们大家都在找开启的起子。 He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen from him to crow. 他这人就像一只骄傲的公鸡，以为太阳升起是为了它的啼叫。 2.metaphor5暗喻 A metaphor is a trope or figure of speech in which an implied comparison is made between two unlike things that actually have something in common. 暗喻是将两种有共同点的不同事物进行隐晦比较的修辞手法。 明喻与暗喻的不同点就在于是否有出现like或者as(像)这一类比喻词，下面这几个句子都是暗喻： Humor is the shock absorber of life; it helps us take action. 幽默是生活的减震器,它可以鼓舞人们付诸于行动。 Time, you thief. 时间，你这个小偷。 But my heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill. 可是我的心是孤独的猎手，在孤独的小山上狩猎。 3.personification拟人 Personifiation is a figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstraction is endowed with human qualities or abilities. 拟人是一种为无生命或抽象物体赋予人类特质与能力的修辞手法。 Oreo: Milk’s fav orite cookie. 奥利奥：牛奶最喜爱的曲奇。 The wind stood up and gave a shout. 大风凛冽,发出怒吼。 The only monster here is the gambling6 monster that has enslaved your mother! I call him Gamblor, and it's time to snatch your mother from his neon claws! 这里唯一的怪物就是赌博怪物，它将你母亲沦为奴隶!我叫它赌棍，该把你母亲从他的霓虹灯魔爪下救出来的时候了! 4.euphemism7委婉语 Euphemism is the substitution of an inoffensive expression for one considered offensively explicit2 委婉语是使用较委婉含蓄的语言替换强烈冒犯的话语。
高级英语修辞手法总结归纳
英语修辞手法 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.
III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力 气赚钱. 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
英语修辞学
《英语修辞学》教学大纲 修订单位: 韩山师范学院外语系 执笔人: 张若兰 一. 课程基本信息 1. 课程中文名称：英语修辞学 2. 课程英文名称：English Rhetoric 3. 课程类别：任选 4. 适应专业：英语（师范类）本科 5. 总学时：36 6. 总学分：2 二．本课程在教学计划中的地位、作用和任务 《英语修辞学》是为英语专业高年级学生开设的一门专业任意选修课。该课程通过系统的讲授，使学生掌握英语修辞的基本原理及其应用，从而达到写作时语言更加贴切，意义更加清晰，表达更加生动；阅读时更加准确地理解作者的写作意图、文体风格和写作技巧，从本质上了解英语，掌握英语，提高阅读能力、写作能力和文学欣赏水平和语言修养。 三．教学内容与教学基本要求 教学内容: Chapter One：Syntactic Devices (句法辞格) (6课时) 本章内容包括： 1．长句和短句(Long and short sentences)； 2．简单句(The simple sentence)； 3．复合句(The compound sentence)； 4．分枝句(Branching sentences)； 5．主动和被动句(The active and the passive voiced sentences)； 6．平衡句(Syntactic schemes of balance)----排比句(parallelism)；对偶句(antithesis)；逆转反复句(chiasmus)； 7．倒装句(Syntactic scheme of inversion)----省略句(ellipsis)；局部省略句(fragmentary elliptical sentence)；连词省略/散珠(asyndeton)；跳脱(aposiopesis)； 8．添加句（Syntactic scheme of addition or insertion）----连词叠用(polysyndeton)；修正法/换语(epanorthosis)；注释法(exegesis)；扩充法(exergasia) ；并列法(apposition) ；插入法(parenthesis)； 9．反复句(Syntactic scheme of repetition)---二项式(binomials)；三项式(trinomials)；多项式(catalogues)；首语重复(syntactic anaphora)；尾语重复(syntactic epiphorea)；首尾语重复(syntactic framing)； 10．层进与突降(Syntactic scheme of climax and anticlimax)----(climax)；(anticlimax or bathos) 11．修辞问句(Rhetoric question)； 12．顿呼(Apostrophe)。 重点：掌握各种句法辞格的概念和应用。 难点：平衡句、倒装句、添加句三类句子的理解。 Chapter Two：Lexical Devices (词法辞格)（8课时） 本章包括两部分：词汇选择和词的反复。 1．词汇选择(Lexical options)：长词或短词(short words or long words)；普通词或学究词(common words or learned words)；正规、非正规或口语词(formal, informal or colloquial
外国语言文学类本科生培养方案
外国语言文学类本科生培养方案 一、培养目标 总体培养目标： 培养具有扎实的外语语言基础和较广泛的相关学科知识，能在外事、经贸、文化、新闻、教育、科研、旅游等部门从事翻译、研究、教学、管理等工作的复合型拔尖外语人才。 英语专业培养目标： 本专业培养具有扎实的英语语言基础和较广泛的相关学科知识，能在外事、经贸、文化、新闻、教育、科研、旅游等部门从事翻译、研究、教学、管理等工作的复合型拔尖英语人才。 法语专业培养目标： 本专业培养具有扎实的法语语言基础和较广泛的相关学科知识，能在外事、经贸、文化、新闻、教育、科研、旅游等部门从事翻译、研究、教学和管理工作的高级法语专门人才。 日语专业培养目标： 本专业培养具有扎实的日语语言基础和较广泛的相关学科知识，能在外事、经贸、文化、新闻、教育、科研、旅游等部门从事翻译、研究、教学、管理等工作的复合型拔尖日语人才。 二、培养要求 英语专业培养要求： 本专业按照“以人为本、自主发展、夯实基础、拓展方向”的原则，培养学生具有英语语言、文学、历史、政治、经济、外交、科技、文化等方面的基本理论和基本知识，接受英语听、说、读、写、译等方面的良好训练，掌握一定的科研方法，具有从事翻译、研究、教学、管理等工作的业务水平。 毕业生应主要获得以下几个方面的知识和能力： 1、具有扎实的英语语言基础和熟练的听、说、读、写、译能力。 2、掌握语言学、文学、经贸、翻译等方面的专业知识。 3、了解我国国情和英语国家的社会和文化。 4、具有一定的第二外国语的实际应用能力。 5、具有计算机基本操作技能和熟练的文字处理能力及上网进行文献检索、资料查询的 能力。 6、具有初步的科学研究能力。 7、具备良好的道德素质、业务素质和身体素质。 法语专业培养要求： 本专业按照“以人为本、自主发展、夯实基础、拓展方向”的原则，培养学生具有法语语言、文学、历史、政治、经济、外交、科技、文化等方面的基本理论和基本知识，接受法语听、说、读、写、译等方面的良好训练，掌握一定的科研方法，具有从事翻译、研究、教学、管理等工作的业务水平。 毕业生应主要获得以下几个方面的知识和能力： 1、具有扎实的法语语言基础和熟练的听、说、读、写、译能力。 2、掌握语言学、文学、经贸、翻译等方面的专业知识。
高级英语修辞手法总结(常考)
高级英语修辞手法总结(常考)
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英语修辞手法 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。