2018新高考阅读理解7选5解题技巧指导

2018新高考阅读理解7选5解题技巧指导

阅读理解7选5题型给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有7个选项，要求考生根据自己对文章结构、内容的分析，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。文章一般为300词左右的短文，以说明文为主，偶有记叙文和议论文。缺少的句子通常是标题句、主旨句、承接句、过渡句、细节句和总结句，而且主要以主旨句、承接句、过渡句、细节句为主。

该题型不但考查学生词汇、句子、语段、语篇等方面的知识，还要考查学生把握文章的主题，段落结构层次，以及辩证、综合、分析、归纳等方面的逻辑思维能力，比传统阅读理解题型有了更高的要求。

一．解题步骤：

解答阅读理解7选5题目时，可以遵循以下三个步骤：

第一步：快速浏览每个选项，读懂意思,标记关键词。

快速读懂每个选项的意思，同时标出选项中的关键词汇，方便解题时快速找到相应信息选项。第二步：仔细阅读文章并答题。

1.重点阅读各个问题附近的句子，标记空前后句中的关键词并圈定线索词。

2.将7个选项的关键词与5个空的前后句中的关键词进行比对，寻找相关的特征词，利用各种衔接手段，如词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、句法结构衔接等来确定答案。

3.做题时先做容易的、有把握的题，并把选中的选项用斜线划掉，然后重点推敲把握不准的选项。

第三步：通读全文，核对答案。

将确定的选项代入原文，检查恢复后的文章是否在整体上具有连贯性和一致性、在意义上与逻辑上都通顺，以及是否可以很好地表述完整的意思。

二．解题技巧：

阅读理解7选5题型中所缺少的句子通常设在段上，段首，段中和段未几个位置，根据设空的位置采用相应的解题策略。

（一）缺少的句子设在段上

如果缺少的句子设在一段文章的上方，该句子通常是标题句。标题句的句式结构简洁明了，主题突出。解题时首先快速浏览其他段文章上面的标题句，并在选项中找出和其他标题句结构形式一致的选项，然后仔细阅读该段文章，根据文章内容来印证锁定选项是否正确。（二）缺少的句子设在段首

如果缺少的句子设在一段文章的开头，该句子通常是主旨句或承接句。主旨句是对整段文章的概括和总结，寻找主旨句时，要认真阅读后文内容，锁定重点词汇，然后在选项中查找含有相关特征词的选项，最后看该段文章是否围绕该选项的主题来写的；承接句要结合上下两段文章的内容来判断正确答案。

（三）缺少的句子设在段中

如果缺少的句子设在一段文章的中间，该句子通常是过渡句或者细节句，要根据该空的前后句的逻辑关系来判断。解题时从以下几个方面考虑：

1.从词汇上锁定线索

做题时很重要的一点是保持对一些线索词的敏感，主要的线索特征词是空格前后的名词和动词，寻找答案时注意在选项中查找含有同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语的选项。其次是代词。代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或概念，巧妙利用代词指代的内容可以准确而快速地解题。此外还要考虑数词、表示时间/年代的词、地点/名称等专有名词等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。

2.从关联词上查找

由于英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示衔接和过渡，使文章逻辑更清楚和连贯，因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。

3.从句法结构上查找。如果空格之前或之后是一个主句，则考虑该空格处需填一个从句；如果空格之前或之后是一个从句，则考虑该空格处需填一个主句。

（四）缺少的句子设在段末

1）如果缺少的句子设在最后一段文章的末尾，该句子通常是总结句，是该段文章内容的结论或概括性的语句。关键词要在空格前的一句或两句中寻找。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的词。

2）如果缺少的句子设在前几段文章的末尾，该句子通常是承接句，解题时要结合上下两段文章的内容来判断正确答案。

阅读理解7选5解题技巧展示

2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国卷甲卷（Ⅱ卷）

Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you're trying to get work done.

36_______,there are several ways to handle things.Let's take a look at them now.

37_______．Tell the person you're sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.

When people try to interrupt you,have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them then.38_______.It can help to eliminate(消除)future interruptions.

When you need to talk to someone,don't do it in your own office.39_______,it's much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.

If you have a door to your office,make good use of it.40_______.If someone knocks and it's

not an important matter,excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint(暗示)that when the door is closed,you’re not to be disturbed.

A.If you're busy,don't feel bad about saying no

B.When you want to avoid interruptions at work

C.Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes

D.If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area

E.It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available

F.It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you

G.Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not

解题指导：

第一步：快速浏览每个选项，读懂意思,标记关键词。

A.If you're busy,don't feel bad about saying no如果你很忙，不要不好意思拒绝

B.When you want to avoid interruptions at work当你想要避免工作中出现的打扰时

C.Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes只要你的时间到了为自己设定界限

D.If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area如果在别人的办公室或公共区域

E.It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available重要的是你要让他们知道你什么时候有空

F.It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you当人们打扰你时，打断他们似乎是不友好的

G.Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not当你有空交谈的时

候，把它打开；当你没空的时候，把它关上

第二步：仔细阅读文章并答题。

36.B过渡句。

首先标记空前后句中的关键词：Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you' re trying to get work done.36_______,there are several ways to handle things.空前提到了工作的时候被打扰是需处理的最糟糕的事情之一，空后提示下文是关于几种防止在工作中被别人打扰的方式，从选项中找到有相关特征词的选项是B项When you want to avoid interruptions at work，再从句法结构上判断该空格之后是一个主句，则考虑该空格处需填一个状语从句，B项正好与空后的部分构成一个完整的句子，且逻辑通顺。

该段的意思是：当你正努力完成工作的时候，被打扰是需处理的最糟糕的事情之一。当你想要避免工作中出现的打扰时，有几种处理事情的方式。

37.A主旨句。

根据空后的内容Tell the person you're sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.可知主要讲述的是在自己很忙的时候学会拒绝别人的打扰，并另约谈话的时间，因此A项If you're busy,don't feel bad about saying no符合文意。

该段的意思是：如果你很忙，不要不好意思拒绝。告诉对方你很抱歉，并解释说你有无数的事情要做，然后问你们两个是否可以另找时间交谈。

38.E过渡句。

首先标记空前后句中的关键词：When people try to interrupt you,have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them then.38_______.It can help to eliminate(消除)future interruptions.空前提到让他们知道什么时候再来，或者你什么时候会去找他们，也就是让别人知道你什么时候有空，从选项中找到有相关特征词的选项是E项It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available和语境相吻合。

该段的意思是：当人们试图打扰你的时候，计划好约谈的时间，告诉他们那个时候再来，或者那时你会找他们。重要的是你要让他们知道你什么时候有空。这样有助于避免（他们）以后再来打扰（你）。

39.D细节句。

首先标记空前后句中的关键词：When you need to talk to someone,don't do it in your own office. 39_______,it's much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.空前提到不要在自己的办公室里交谈，从选项中找到有相关特征词的选项是D项If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area和语境相呼应。

该段的意思是：当你需要与某个人交谈时，不要在你自己的办公室里交谈。如果你在别人办公室或公共区域（交谈），找个借口回去工作比起你设法让别人离开你的办公室会容易得多，即使你解释了你有多忙。

40．G细节句。

首先标记空前后句中的关键词：If you have a door to your office,make good use of it. 40_______.If someone knocks and it's not an important matter,excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint(暗示)that when the door is closed,you’re not to be disturbed.空前提到利用自己办公室的门来防止被打扰，从选项中找到有相关特征词的选项是G项Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not，该项中的it指的就是door，和上下文语境相呼应。

该段的意思是：如果你的办公室有门，那就好好利用它吧。当你有空交谈的时候，把它打开；

当你没空的时候，把它关上。如果有人敲门并且事情不太重要，那就找个借口，让对方知道你很忙，这样他们就能得到暗示：当门关着时，你不想被打扰。

第三步：通读全文，核对答案。

将确定的选项代入原文，通读一遍，确保恢复后的文章在整体上具有连贯性和一致性、在意义上与逻辑上都通顺，能够很好地表述完整的意思。

2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国卷乙卷（I卷）

If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping,I would have laughed heartily.Campers,in my eyes,were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals,and uncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in common with me. 36_______

The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.37_______We slept in a tent,cooked over an open fire,and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work,recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor's bill for my son's food poisoning.

I was,nevertheless,talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness.38_______ Instead,we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.

39_______We have done a lot of it since.Recently,we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set.There is a separate bedroom,a modem kitchen with a refrigerator.The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.

40_______It must be true that sooner or later,everyone finds his or her way back to nature.I recommend that you find your way in style.

A.This time there was no tent.

B.Things are going to be improved.

C.The trip they took me on was a rough one.

D.I was to learn a lot about camping since then,however.

E.I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.

F.After the trip,my family became quite interested in camping.

G.There was no shade as the trees were no more than3feet tall.

解题指导：

第一步：快速浏览每个选项，读懂意思,标记关键词。

A.This time there was no tent.这次没有帐篷。

B.Things are going to be improved.情况将被改善。

C.The trip they took me on was a rough one.他们带我踏上的是一段艰苦的旅程。

D.I was to learn a lot about camping since then,however.不过，从那以后，我学到了很多关于野营的知识。

E.I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.我必须得说我的确已经渐渐地喜欢上野营了。

F.After the trip,my family became quite interested in camping.经过那次旅行之后，我的家人变得对野营十分有兴趣。

G.There was no shade as the trees were no more than3feet tall.没有树荫，因为树木不超过三英尺高

第二步：仔细阅读文章并答题。

36．D承接句。

根据第一段和第二段内容可知，虽然作者以前不喜欢野营，但还是被朋友们带去进行了野营，并且作者喜欢上了野营。分析选项可知，D项I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.不过，从那以后，我学到了很多关于野营的知识。符合上下文语境。

该段的意思是：如果有人在3年前告诉我说我将会花费大多数的周末时间去野营，我会哈哈大笑。在我看来，野营者就是那些喜欢被昆虫叮咬、吃煮不熟的饭和睡不舒适的睡袋的人。他们和我一点也不一样。不过，从那以后，我学到了很多关于野营的知识。

37．C过渡句。

首先标记空前后句中的关键词：The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.37_______We slept in a tent,cooked over an open fire,and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.空前的一句讲的是朋友们带作者去野营，空后内容为野营条件艰苦，故C项The trip they took me on was a rough one与上下文一致。

该段的意思是：那些介绍我去野营的朋友们认为去野营意味着成为一名先驱者。他们带我踏上的是一段艰苦的旅程。我们睡在帐篷里，生火做饭，步行很长的距离去洗澡和使用卫生间。这次对大自然母亲简短的拜访让我花费了两天的休假时间来从严重的晒伤和我儿子食物中毒的医药费中恢复过来。

38．A细节句。空后的Instead,we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.可知，此处应该填“住宿情况”。故选A项This time there was no tent.

该段的意思是：尽管如此，我还是被说服在野外进行了另一次充满乐趣的度假。这次没有帐篷。相反，我们有一辆弹出式的露营车，车里有舒适的床和一台空调。我热爱大自然的朋友们也记得带上了所有的生活必需品。

39．F承接句。

根据上一段I was,nevertheless,talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness.以及由空后We have done a lot of it since.Recently,we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set.可知作者一家人变得对野营十分有兴趣，故选F 项After the trip,my family became quite interested in camping

该段的意思是：经过那次旅行之后，我的家人变得对野营十分有兴趣。从那以后我们进行了很多次（野营）。最近，我们买了一辆28英尺长的旅行拖车，这辆拖车配有一个卫生间和一台内置电视机。拖车上有一间独立的卧室和一间带有冰箱的现代化厨房。这台拖车甚至有配套的地毯和窗帘。

40．E主旨句。

由空后的内容It must be true that sooner or later,everyone finds his or her way back to nature.I recommend that you find your way in style.可知，作者现在喜欢野营，故选E项I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.

该段的意思是：我必须得说我的确已经渐渐地喜欢上野营了。早晚有一天，每个人都会找到他的或她的回归自然的方式。我建议你找到属于你自己的别具风格的方式。

2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国卷丙卷（Ⅲ卷）

Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning,and put the blame on the alarm clock.In fact,the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resetting your body clock.36_______Here's how to make one.

●37_______In order to make a change,you need to decide why it's important.Do you want to

get up in time to have breakfast with your family,get in some exercise,or just be better prepared for your day?Once you are clear about your reasons,tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.

●Rethink mornings.Now that you know why you want to wake up,consider re-arranging your morning activities.If you want time to have breakfast with your family,save some time the night before by setting out clothes,shoes,and bags.38_______That's a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer

●Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends.If you're tired out by Friday night,sleeping

in on Saturday could sound wonderful.But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week,a recent study found.39_______

●Keep a record and evaluate it weekly.Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel.After you've tried a new method for a week,take a look at your record.40_______If not, take another look at other methods you could try.

A.Get a sleep specialist.

B.Find the right motivation.

C.A better plan for sleep can help.

D.And consider setting a second alarm.

E.If the steps you take are working,keep it up.

F.Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time,no matter the day.

G.Reconsider the15minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.

解题指导：

第一步：快速浏览每个选项，读懂意思,标记关键词。

A.Get a sleep specialist.找个睡眠专家

B.Find the right motivation.找到恰当的动机

C.A better plan for sleep can help.一个更好的睡眠计划对此会有所帮助。

D.And consider setting a second alarm.考虑再定一次闹铃

E.If the steps you take are working,keep it up.如果你所采取的措施是有效的，就保持下去。

F.Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time,no matter the day.坚持你设定的睡觉时间和起床时间，不管是哪一天。

G.Reconsider the15minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.重新考虑一下你在咖啡馆排队买咖啡的15分钟。

第二步：仔细阅读文章并答题。

36．C过渡句。

Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning,and put the blame on the alarm clock.In fact,the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resetting your body clock.36_______Here's how to make one空前一句讲到，早上容易醒来的关键在于重置自己的生物钟；空后一句讲到，以下是如何制订一个计划。故选项C A better plan for sleep can help.与空后一句中的make one相呼应。

该段的意思是：许多人发现早上起床很困难，并把责任推到闹钟上。事实上，早上容易醒来的关键在于重置你的生物钟。一个更好的睡眠计划对此会有所帮助。以下是如何制订一个计划：

37．B主旨句。

37_______In order to make a change,you need to decide why it's important.Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family,get in some exercise,or just be better prepared

for your day?Once you are clear about your reasons,tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.通过该段可知，答案为B项Find the right motivation找到恰当的动机。

该段的意思是：找到恰当的动机。为了做出改变，你需要判断为什么它是重要的。你想及时起床和家人一起吃早餐，锻炼身体，或者仅仅是为你的一天做更好的准备吗？一旦你清楚自己的原因，告诉你的家人或室友你想要改变什么。

38．G细节题。

空后That's a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer 和G项Reconsider the15minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.相呼应。

该段的意思是：重新思考每天的早晨。既然你知道为什么要醒来，考虑一下重新安排你早晨的活动。如果你想有对间和家人一起吃早餐，那么在前一晚就开始着手整理衣服、鞋子和包可以节省（你早上的）时间。重新考虑一下你在咖啡馆排队买咖啡的15分钟。你如果能买一个带定时器的咖啡机的话，那就能多睡15分钟。

39．F总结句

Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends.If you're tired out by Friday night,sleeping

in on Saturday could sound wonderful.But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week,a recent study found.39_______

本段开头点明本段的主旨，即在周末也要保持平时的睡觉、起床时间表。接下来讲述了原因，故F项Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time,no matter the day.是对该段内容的总结。

该段的意思是：在周末（也要）保持你平时的睡觉、起床时间表。如果星期五晚上你非常累，星期六睡个懒觉听上去很不错。但是最近的一项研究发现，周末的补觉实际上会让你在接下来的一周更困倦。坚持你设定的睡觉时间和起床时间，不管是哪一天。

40．E过渡句。

Keep a record and evaluate it weekly.Keep track of your efforts and write down how you

feel.After you've tried a new method for a week,take a look at your record.40_______If not, take another look at other methods you could try.

根据空前后内容可知E项If the steps you take are working,keep it up.与之相对应。

该段的意思是：记录并每周评估。记录下你的努力，并写下你的感受。在你尝试了一个星期的新方法之后，看看你的记录。如果你所采取的措施是有效的，就保持下去。如果不行，再考虑一下你可以尝试的其他方法。