英文机械图纸常用翻译词句
英文机械图纸常用翻译词句(自己重新整
理)62
外商传真发来的图纸都是英文标注，平时阅看有一定的困难。下面把我们积累的几点看英文图纸的经验与同行们交流。
近几年，我厂和英国、西班牙的几个公司有业务往来，外商传真发来的图纸都是英文标注，平时阅看有一定的困难。下面把我们积累的几点看英文图纸的经验与同行们交流。
1 标题栏
英文工程图纸的右下边是标题栏（相当于我们的标题栏和部分技术要求），其中有图纸名称（TILE）、设计者（DRAWN）、审查者（CHECKED）、材料（MATERIAL）、日期（DATE）、比例（SCALE）、热处理（HEAT TREATMENT）版本号(REVISION缩写REV) 工程变更号:E.C.N 页码(SHEET) 技术要求(NOTES）图号(DRAWING NO/PART NO.）和其它一些技术要求，如：
1)TOLERANCES UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIAL 未注公差。
2)DIMS IN mm UNLESS STATED 如不做特殊要求以毫米为单位。
3)ANGULAR TOLERANCE±1° 角度公差±1°。
4)DIMS TOLERANCE±0.1 未注尺寸公差±0.1。
5)SURFACE FINISH 3.2 UNLESS STATED 未注粗糙度3.2。
not specified surface roughness is ra 6.3my 没有指定的表面粗糙度Ra 6.3 my
6)40 REF 尺寸为40，参考值
7）410 OPENING REF 410 开口参考尺寸
8）2.5” BSP 2.5”圆锥管螺纹
9）TYP 2 POSNS 2处
10）OD 1/4’ outside dimension 1/4’的缩写外径值1/4’---应该为:外径值1/4”
11）ALL UNSPECIFED PADI-R3 未注圆角R3
12）TYP CAST RADLL R9.7 未注铸造R9.7
13）REMOVE ALL BURRS AND SHARP EDGES 棱角倒钝
14)STAMP 1/4 LETTERS DWG DT14331 PO刻1/4字图号定单号
15)alternative astm b763 c99500 翻译替代材质 b763
c99500
16)UNLESS OTERWISE SPECIFIED 除非指定的
17)LEADED RED BRASS:UNS C83600 TO ASTM B584，ALTERMATIVE,ASTM B763，C99500 含铅红黄铜:牌号号,B584 C83600 ASTM,也可以用此片号替代,ASTM,C99500 B763 18)no marking 没有标记
19)2.5" BSPT HEXAGON 2.5” 六角圆锥管螺纹(即对丝)
20)CHAMFERS NOT DIM 未注倒角
21)not specified pattern draft 没有指定拔模
22)all sharp edges and burrs are to be removed 清除所有的锐边和毛刺
23)measunng is in mm 测量单位为毫米MM
24）1.Dimensional tolerances unless otherwise specified:
One Place------------------+-0.5
Two place------------------+-0.30
Angles----------------------+-1.0度
1..除特别说明外，尺寸公差应小于：
１级－－－－－－－－±０.５
２级－－－－－－－－±０.３
角度－－－－－－－－１°
25）2. Casting tolerances apply to the location of cast outline features
located with basic dimensions
２.铸造公差适用于具有基准尺寸的铸件轮廓特征区域；
26）3．Casting to be free from oil,grit,dirt and loose particles.
３.铸件（表面）须经除油、除尘、除锈和喷砂处理；
27）4．Porosity holes to be max 2.3 diameter by 1.6 deep.
４.砂眼孔最大不能超过直径2.3，深度1.6；
28）5. casting quality to conform with general motors standards and specifications.
５.铸件的质量应符合通用汽车（GM）的标准和技术说明书；
29）6. Casting tolerances are not cumulative.
６.铸件误差不累积； 30）7.casting tolerances unless
otherwise specified:
0.0 to 75.0 ------------------------------- +-0.75
75.0 to 200.0 ---------------------------- +-1.15
draft angles ------------------------------2度
fillet radii --------------------------------3.0
corner radii ------------------------------3.0
all walls & ribs ------------------------- 4.5
7.无特殊说明时，铸造公差应小于：
０.０～７５.０－－－－－－±０.７５
７５.０～２００.０－－－－±１.１５
拔模角度－－－－－－－－－２°
内圆角半径－－－－－－－－３
外圆角半径－－－－－－－－３
所有壁板和筋厚－－－－－－４.５
31）8.Material cast iron per GM274M grade 205
8.材料：铸铁依照GM274M 等级 205；
32）9.restricted and reportable substances for parts per GMW 3059
9.零件中的限制物质和必须明示的物质（环保要求）依照标准GMW 3059;
33）10.Must comply with QP-I.6-009 for production and QP-I.6-004 for Prototypes.
10.必须依照QP-6.I-009产品和QP-I.6-004原型生产
34）Machining allowance to be adopted when turning a surface to be ground is equal to Max value for required dimension with 0.05 mm deviation
表达的是加工后基本尺寸的上下偏差，就是±0.05
34）METARIAL : ALLOY 24, PERMOLD.
1,材质：合金24，由模具成型。
35)10％ OF AREA "AS CAST" IS ACCEPTABLE
10%的区域允许保持原铸造状态
36）break0.2±0.1 倒钝尺寸0.2±0.1
37）NO CUT OFF POINT ALLOWED 不允许有切断的点存在
38）GR，是磨光的意思
39）Eccentric must be symmetric and 180 out of phase within 0.001 TLR
这是需要利用投影仪检测的不规则产品的影像，产品的投影会被记录下来，调转180度后，
投影与原来的影像的误差在0.001之内；
40）STAMP GMM-20000-1 THIS EDGE：是在这条边压印
GMM-20000-1.
STAMP GMM-20000-5 THIS EDGE:是在这条边压印 GMM-20000-5.
41）NOTES UNLESS OTHERISE SPECIFIED:
注意事项（除非在其他有特别标注）
42）COML CHRCMEXPLATE (BRIGHT).0.004THK,MIN (英语有错误，应该是chrome plate）
表面镀铬（亮色）最小厚度0.004,（估计是英寸）
43）Knurl RAA16-DIN82
straiht knurl m0.5GB6403.3-86
指的是螺母表面的滚花
滚花形状符合DIN82
或者GB6403.3
模数0.5
44）Not/NOTE
-Induksiyon ile sertle stirme;(induction hardening) -PS116-1410 serl form B' ye bakiniz.(See form-B for PS116-1410 series)
-Yuzey sertllgl PS 116-B (See PS116-B surface hardeness)
-Keskin kose ve capak olmayacak.(Remove all sharp edges)
注
感应淬火
见PS116-1410系列表-B
表面硬度见PS116-B
清除所有尖边 45）.remove all burrs & sharp corners.
移除所有毛刺及尖锐的角落。
2 常见尺寸的标注及要求
2.1 孔（HOLE）如：
（1）毛坯孔：3"DIAO+1CORE
（2）加工孔：1"DIA
（3）锪孔：锪孔芯子 1"; (注C＇BORE=COUNTER BORE锪底面孔); 3"0+1;
（4）铰孔：1"/4 DIA REAM 铰孔1"/4;
（5）螺纹孔的标注一般要表示出螺纹的直径，每英寸牙数（螺矩）、螺纹种类、精度等级、钻深、攻深，方向等。如：
例1. 6 HOLES EQUI-SPACED ON 5"DIA
(6孔均布在5圆周上（EQUI-SPACED=EQUALLY SPACED均布）
DRILL 1"DIATHRO＇钻1"通孔（THRO＇=THROUGH通）
C/SINK22×6DEEP 沉孔22×6
例2. TAP7"/8-14UNF-3BTHRO＇攻统一标准细牙螺纹，每英寸14牙，精度等级3B级（注UNF=UNIFIED FINE THREAD美国标准细牙螺纹）
1"DRILL 1"/4-20 UNC-3 THD7"/8 DEEP 4HOLES NOT BREAK THRO
钻1"孔，攻1"/4美国粗牙螺纹，每英寸20牙，攻深7"/8,4孔不准钻通（UNC=UNIFIED COARSE THREAD 美国标准粗牙螺纹）1"-14NS-2THRO 攻美国固定特种螺纹M1",每英寸牙数14,精度等级为二级
（注NS=NATIONAL SPECIAL THREAD:美国固定特种标准）
2.2 倒角（CHAMFER）
例1/8×45°BEV 倒角1/8×45°（注BEV=BEVEL，斜面）
1.5×45°CHAM 倒角1.5×45°(注CHAM=CHAMFER倒角)
2.3 方(SQUARE)
例 5"SQUARE 5"×5"方
2.4 剖视（SECTION）
例 SECTION A-A A-A剖面
2.5 圆角半径
例1"R R1"
RADIUS MUST BE SMOOTH AND BLEND INTO FACE
圆弧必须光滑且与平面相切
2.6 加工余量
例 DOTTED LINES INDICATED MAX FINISH 1"/8
虚线表示最大加工余量1"/8
2.7 零件标记例
USE 5"/16 RAISED HAIRLINE LET-TERS MARKING ON ONE SIDE OF BODY
用突起高为5"/16的细实线字母在本体一侧打标记
14）3 关于铸锻件的技术要求
例1.FORGING MUST BE ANNEALED TO BE BELOW 203 BRINELL HARDNESS
锻件必须退火处理，布氏硬度<203
例2. NORMALIZE TO 163-207BHNMUST BE FREE OF SCALE & RUST 锻件正火处理，布氏硬度163-207,锻件表面不得有氧化皮和锈蚀例例3. FORGING TO BE SHOT OR SAND BLASTED 锻件需经喷丸或喷砂处理
例4. UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED DRAFT ANGLES 7°未注明锻造拔模斜度7°
例5. CAST TO BE FREE OF EXCESSIVE FLASH 铸件不得有过多的毛边
例6. DRAFT ANGLE 2° UNLESS OTHER-WISE SPECIFIED 未注明铸造拔模斜度2°
看英文机械工程图纸并不是高不可攀，只要坚持常看，熟记部分单词即可。
4、热处理(heat treatment)
例1. HT 30T gear teeth 3mm min below root dia40-50HR 热处理：感应淬火，在齿轮根径以下的3mm至少是,40-50HRC
1.5min case deptp 层深度最小1.5
例2. casting to be free from de-carburisation to allow for post selective hardening to 45-55 rockwell 铸件需防止脱碳随后局部淬火到45-55洛氏硬度
post selective Hardening随后淬火
例3. HEAT TREATMENT: 热处理：
HRU HARDEN AND TEMPER TO 41-45 HRC
淬火并回火至HRC41－45
PREHEAT: 预热
FROM ROOM TEMPERATURE, RAMP UP TO 1200 DETREES F (650 DETREES C) AND SOAK AT TEMPERATURE FOR 45 MINUTES.
从室温缓慢升至华氏1200度（650 氏度），保温45分钟
HARDENING:硬化：FROM 1200DETREES F (650 DETREES C), RAMP UP TO 1555 DETREES F (845 DETREES C) AND SOAK AT TEMPERATURE FO R 45MINUTES.
从华氏1200度（650摄氏度）加热至华氏1555度（845摄氏度）保温45分钟
QUENCH: 淬火：
IN OIL, AS-QUENCHED HARDNESS 53-55 HRC.
油淬，淬火后硬度53-55 HRC
EMPER:回火：
600DETREES F (315 DETREES C) FOR TWO HOURS 在华氏600度（315 摄氏度）下保温2小时 NOTE: 注意：
DECARBORATION MUST BE PREVENTED BY USING ENTHER VACUUM FURNACE OR CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE.
必须防止脱碳，可使用真空炉或者可控气氛炉
4.4 常见的热处理方式:
Tempering回火 Annealing 退火 Nnormalising正火Hardening淬火
Case carburising渗碳 Case Hardening表面淬火 nitriding 氮化
aging 时效处理 induction hardening 感应淬火
impedance matching 感应淬火 hardening and tempering 调质
常见的冷却方式：air cooling 空冷 furnace cooling 炉冷 oil cooling 油冷
5、常见的表面处理 (surface treatment) Coating for casting/铸件喷涂
1). Normal painting 普通喷漆
2). Powder painting 粉末喷漆
3).Galvanize (galvanization) 电镀镀锌
4).Zinc coating 镀锌
5).Cataphoretic coating 电泳敷层 KTL (德语：Kathodische Elektrotauchlackierung )
6). Hot dipping 热浸镀
7). Bluing 发蓝，black 发黑
8). Thermal spraying 热喷涂
9).Electrostatic spraying 静电喷涂
10).Aqueous rust preventive 防锈水
11). Rust preventive oil 防锈油
12).Oxiron painting 金属漆
13)．Epoxy resin plastic powder painting 环氧树脂型塑料粉末喷漆
14). descaling 除污，除氧化皮等 black oxide coating 氧化发黑
6.螺纹问题
求助 BSPT、BSP、BSPP螺纹标准
1、BSP是英制管螺纹。不过，有BSP.Tr., BSP.PI., BSP.F.之分。
BSP.Tr.是锥管螺纹，用于密封接合。
BSP.PI.是平行管螺纹，用于密封接合，只有内螺纹，与BSP.Tr.的外螺纹嵌合。
BSP.F.为平行管螺纹，用于一般的接合。
2、螺紋G與螺紋BSPP一样，均为英制圆柱管螺纹代号牙型角55度
3、英制螺纹有几种？BSP螺纹的特点及表示法？
两种，BSPP（管螺纹）和BSPT（55度角锥管螺纹，与美制60度角锥管螺纹NPT相对，互不兼容）
4、 G螺纹与Rp螺纹对比，哪些地方相同，哪些地方不同，两者在用途上有区别吗，能否通用。
G螺纹与Rp螺纹都是55°圆柱管螺纹。只是国别(组织)不同而产生了不同的代号而已。
G是中国、法国、前苏联、日本的代号；
冲压模具专业词汇中英文翻译
Counter bored hole 沉孔 Chamfer 倒斜角 Fillet 倒圆角 padding block垫块 stepping bar垫条 upper die base上模座 lower die base下模座 upper supporting blank上承板 upper padding plate blank上垫板 spare dies模具备品 spring 弹簧 bolt螺栓 document folder活页夹 file folder资料夹 to put file in order整理资料 spare tools location手工备品仓 first count初盘人 first check初盘复棹人 second count 复盘人 second check复盘复核人 equipment设备 waste materials废料 work in progress product在制品 casing = containerization装箱 quantity of physical inventory second count 复盘点数量 Quantity of customs count 会计师盘,点数量 the first page第一联 filed by accounting department for reference会计部存查 end-user/using unit(department)使用单位 Summary of year-end physical inventory bills 年终盘点截止单据汇总表 bill name单据名称 This sheet and physical inventory list will be sent to accounting department together (Those of NHK will be sent to financial department) 本表请与盘点清册一起送会计部－(NHK厂区送财会部) Application status records of year-end physical inventory List and physical inventory card 年终盘点卡与清册使用－状况明细表 blank and waste sheet NO. 空白与作废单号
机械图纸中英文翻译2(1)1
近几年，我厂和英国、西班牙的几个公司有业务往来，外商传真发来的图纸都是英文标注，平时阅看有一定的困难。下面把我们积累的几点看英文图纸的经验与同行们交流。 1标题栏 英文工程图纸的右下边是标题栏（相当于我们的标题栏和部分技术要求），其中有图纸名称（TILE）、设计者（DRAWN）、审查者（CHECKED）、材料（MATERIAL）、日期（DATE）、比例（SCALE）、热处理（HEAT TREATMENT）和其它一些要求，如： 1)TOLERANCES UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIAL 未注公差。 2)DIMS IN mm UNLESS STATED 如不做特殊要求以毫米为单位。 3)ANGULAR TOLERANCE±1°角度公差±1°。 4)DIMS TOLERANCE±0.1未注尺寸公差±0.1。 5)SURFACE FINISH 3.2 UNLESS STATED未注粗糙度3.2。 2常见尺寸的标注及要求 2.1孔（HOLE）如： （1）毛坯孔：3"DIAO+1CORE 芯子3"0+1; （2）加工孔：1"DIA1"; （3）锪孔：锪孔(注C＇BORE=COUNTER BORE锪底面孔); （4）铰孔：1"/4 DIA REAM铰孔1"/4; （5）螺纹孔的标注一般要表示出螺纹的直径，每英寸牙数（螺矩）、螺纹种类、精度等级、钻深、攻深，方向等。如：例1.6 HOLES EQUI-SPACED ON 5"DIA (6孔均布在5圆周上（EQUI-SPACED=EQUALLY SPACED均布） DRILL 1"DIATHRO＇ 钻1"通孔（THRO＇=THROUGH通） C/SINK22×6DEEP 沉孔22×6 例2.TAP7"/8-14UNF-3BTHRO＇ 攻统一标准细牙螺纹，每英寸14牙，精度等级3B级 （注UNF=UNIFIED FINE THREAD美国标准细牙螺纹） 1"DRILL 1"/4-20 UNC-3 THD7"/8 DEEP 4HOLES NOT BREAK THRO钻1"孔，攻1"/4美国粗牙螺纹，每英寸20牙，攻深7"/8,4孔不准钻通（UNC=UCIFIED COARSE THREAD 美国标准粗牙螺纹） 1"-14NS-2THRO 攻美国固定特种螺纹M1",每英寸牙数14,精度等级为二级 （注NS=NATIONAL SPECIAL THREAD:美国固定特种标准）
机械毕业设计英文外文翻译460数字控制 (2)
附录 科技译文： Numerical Control Numerical Control(NC) is a method of controlling the movements of machineComponents by directly inserting coded instructions in the form of numerical data(numbers and data ) into the system.The system automatically interprets these data and converts to output signals. These signals ,in turn control various machine components ,such as turning spindles on and off ,changing tools,moving the work piece or the tools along specific paths,and turning cutting fluits on and off. In order to appreciate the importer of numerical control of machines ,let’s briefly review how a process such as machining has been carried out traditionally .After studying the working drawing of a part, the operator sets up the appropriate process parameters(such as cutting speed ,feed,depth of cut,cutting fluid ,and so on),determines the sequence of operations to be performed,clamps the work piece in a workholding device such as chuck or collet ,and proceeds to make the part .Depending on part shape and the dimensional accuracy specified ,this approach usually requires skilled
毕业设计外文翻译附原文
外文翻译 专业机械设计制造及其自动化学生姓名刘链柱 班级机制111 学号1110101102 指导教师葛友华
外文资料名称： Design and performance evaluation of vacuum cleaners using cyclone technology 外文资料出处：Korean J. Chem. Eng., 23(6), (用外文写) 925-930 (2006) 附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文 2.外文原文
应用旋风技术真空吸尘器的设计和性能介绍 吉尔泰金，洪城铱昌，宰瑾李， 刘链柱译 摘要：旋风型分离器技术用于真空吸尘器 - 轴向进流旋风和切向进气道流旋风有效地收集粉尘和降低压力降已被实验研究。优化设计等因素作为集尘效率，压降，并切成尺寸被粒度对应于分级收集的50％的效率进行了研究。颗粒切成大小降低入口面积，体直径，减小涡取景器直径的旋风。切向入口的双流量气旋具有良好的性能考虑的350毫米汞柱的低压降和为1.5μm的质量中位直径在1米3的流量的截止尺寸。一使用切向入口的双流量旋风吸尘器示出了势是一种有效的方法，用于收集在家庭中产生的粉尘。 摘要及关键词：吸尘器; 粉尘; 旋风分离器 引言 我们这个时代的很大一部分都花在了房子，工作场所，或其他建筑，因此，室内空间应该是既舒适情绪和卫生。但室内空气中含有超过室外空气因气密性的二次污染物，毒物，食品气味。这是通过使用产生在建筑中的新材料和设备。真空吸尘器为代表的家电去除有害物质从地板到地毯所用的商用真空吸尘器房子由纸过滤，预过滤器和排气过滤器通过洁净的空气排放到大气中。虽然真空吸尘器是方便在使用中，吸入压力下降说唱空转成比例地清洗的时间，以及纸过滤器也应定期更换，由于压力下降，气味和细菌通过纸过滤器内的残留粉尘。 图1示出了大气气溶胶的粒度分布通常是双峰形，在粗颗粒（>2.0微米）模式为主要的外部来源，如风吹尘，海盐喷雾，火山，从工厂直接排放和车辆废气排放，以及那些在细颗粒模式包括燃烧或光化学反应。表1显示模式，典型的大气航空的直径和质量浓度溶胶被许多研究者测量。精细模式在0.18?0.36 在5.7到25微米尺寸范围微米尺寸范围。质量浓度为2?205微克，可直接在大气气溶胶和 3.85至36.3μg/m3柴油气溶胶。
机械专业术语英文翻译
陶瓷 ceramics 合成纤维 synthetic fibre 电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion 车架 automotive chassis 悬架 suspension 转向器 redirector 变速器 speed changer 板料冲压 sheet metal parts 孔加工 spot facing machining 车间 workshop 工程技术人员 engineer 气动夹紧 pneuma lock 数学模型 mathematical model 画法几何 descriptive geometry 机械制图 Mechanical drawing 投影 projection 视图 view 剖视图 profile chart 标准件 standard component 零件图 part drawing 装配图 assembly drawing 尺寸标注 size marking
技术要求 technical requirements 刚度 rigidity 内力 internal force 位移 displacement 截面 section 疲劳极限 fatigue limit 断裂 fracture 塑性变形 plastic distortion 脆性材料 brittleness material 刚度准则 rigidity criterion 垫圈 washer 垫片 spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear 运动简图 kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条 pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear 虚约束 passive constraint 曲柄 crank 摇杆 racker 凸轮 cams
(机械制造行业)机械英文翻译
英文翻译 机械设计 一台完整机器的设计是一个复杂的过程。机械设计是一项创造性的工作。设计工程师不仅在工作上要有创造性，还必须在机械制图、运动学、工程材料、材料力学和机械制造工艺学等方面具有深厚的基础知识。 Machine Design The complete design of a machine is a complex process. The machine design is a creative work. Project engineer not only must have the creativity in the work, but also must in aspect and so on mechanical drawing, kinematics, engineerig material, materials mechanics and machine manufacture technology has the deep elementary knowledge. 任何产品在设计时第一步就是选择产品每个部分的构成材料。许多的材料被今天的设计师所使用。对产品的功能，它的外观、材料的成本、制造的成本作出必要的选择是十分重要的。对材料的特性必须事先作出仔细的评估。 One of the first steps in the design of any product is to select the material from which each part is to be made. Numerous materials are available to today's designers. The function of the product, its appearance, the cost of the material, and the cost of fabrication are important in making a selection. A careful evaluation of the properties of a. material must be made prior to any calculations. 仔细精确的计算是必要的，以确保设计的有效性。在任何失败的情况下，最好知道在最初设计中有有缺陷的部件。计算（图纸尺寸）检查是非常重要的。一个小数点的位置放错，就可以导致一个本可以完成的项目失败。设计工作的各个方面都应该检查和复查。 Careful calculations are necessary to ensure the validity of a design. In case of any part failures, it is desirable to know what was done in originally designing the defective components. The checking of calculations (and drawing dimensions) is of utmost importance. The misplacement of one decimal point can ruin an otherwise acceptable project. All aspects of design work should be checked and rechecked. 计算机是一种工具，它能够帮助机械设计师减轻繁琐的计算，并对现有数据提供进一步的分析。互动系统基于计算机的能力，已经使计算机辅助设计（CAD）和计算机辅助制造（CAM）成为了可能。心理学家经常谈论如何使人们适应他们所操作的机器。设计人员的基本职责是努力使机器来适应人们。这并不是一项容易的工作，因为实际上并不存在着一个对所有人来说都是最优的操作范围和操作
机械毕业设计英文外文翻译204机电一体化
附录 INTEGRATION OF MACHINERY （From ELECTRICAL AND MACHINERY INDUSTRY）ABSTRACT Machinery was the modern science and technology development inevitable result, this article has summarized the integration of machinery technology basic outline and the development background .Summarized the domestic and foreign integration of machinery technology present situation, has analyzed the integration of machinery technology trend of development. Key word：integration of machinery ，technology，present situation ，product t，echnique of manufacture ，trend of development 0. Introduction modern science and technology unceasing development, impelled different discipline intersecting enormously with the seepage, has caused the project domain technological revolution and the transformation .In mechanical engineering domain, because the microelectronic technology and the computer technology rapid development and forms to the mechanical industry seepage the integration of machinery, caused the mechanical industry the technical structure, the product organization, the function and the constitution, the production method and the management system has had the huge change, caused the industrial production to enter into “the integration of machinery” by “the machinery electrification” for the characteristic development phase. 1. Integration of machinery outline integration of machinery is refers in the organization new owner function, the power function, in the information processing function and the control function introduces the electronic technology, unifies the system the mechanism and the computerization design and the software which constitutes always to call. The integration of machinery development also has become one to have until now own system new discipline, not only develops along with the science and technology, but also entrusts with the new content .But its basic characteristic may summarize is: The integration of machinery is embarks from the system viewpoint, synthesis community technologies and so on utilization mechanical technology, microelectronic technology, automatic control technology,
毕业设计英文翻译
使用高级分析法的钢框架创新设计 1．导言 在美国，钢结构设计方法包括允许应力设计法(ASD)，塑性设计法(PD)和荷载阻力系数设计法(LRFD)。在允许应力设计中，应力计算基于一阶弹性分析，而几何非线性影响则隐含在细部设计方程中。在塑性设计中，结构分析中使用的是一阶塑性铰分析。塑性设计使整个结构体系的弹性力重新分配。尽管几何非线性和逐步高产效应并不在塑性设计之中，但它们近似细部设计方程。在荷载和阻力系数设计中，含放大系数的一阶弹性分析或单纯的二阶弹性分析被用于几何非线性分析，而梁柱的极限强度隐藏在互动设计方程。所有三个设计方法需要独立进行检查，包括系数K计算。在下面，对荷载抗力系数设计法的特点进行了简要介绍。 结构系统内的内力及稳定性和它的构件是相关的，但目前美国钢结构协会（AISC）的荷载抗力系数规范把这种分开来处理的。在目前的实际应用中，结构体系和它构件的相互影响反映在有效长度这一因素上。这一点在社会科学研究技术备忘录第五录摘录中有描述。 尽管结构最大内力和构件最大内力是相互依存的（但不一定共存），应当承认，严格考虑这种相互依存关系，很多结构是不实际的。与此同时，众所周知当遇到复杂框架设计中试图在柱设计时自动弥补整个结构的不稳定（例如通过调整柱的有效长度）是很困难的。因此，社会科学研究委员会建议在实际设计中，这两方面应单独考虑单独构件的稳定性和结构的基础及结构整体稳定性。图28.1就是这种方法的间接分析和设计方法。
在目前的美国钢结构协会荷载抗力系数规范中，分析结构体系的方法是一阶弹性分析或二阶弹性分析。在使用一阶弹性分析时，考虑到二阶效果，一阶力矩都是由B1,B2系数放大。在规范中，所有细部都是从结构体系中独立出来，他们通过细部内力曲线和规范给出的那些隐含二阶效应，非弹性，残余应力和挠度的相互作用设计的。理论解答和实验性数据的拟合曲线得到了柱曲线和梁曲线，同时Kanchanalai发现的所谓“精确”塑性区解决方案的拟合曲线确定了梁柱相互作用方程。 为了证明单个细部内力对整个结构体系的影响，使用了有效长度系数，如图28.2所示。有效长度方法为框架结构提供了一个良好的设计。然而，有效长度方法的
机械专业外文翻译中英文翻译
外文翻译 英文原文 Belt Conveying Systems Development of driving system Among the methods of material conveying employed，belt conveyors play a very important part in the reliable carrying of material over long distances at competitive cost．Conveyor systems have become larger and more complex and drive systems have also been going through a process of evolution and will continue to do so．Nowadays，bigger belts require more power and have brought the need for larger individual drives as well as multiple drives such as 3 drives of 750 kW for one belt(this is the case for the conveyor drives in Chengzhuang Mine)．The ability to control drive acceleration torque is critical to belt conveyors’ performance．An efficient drive system should be able to provide smooth，soft starts while maintaining belt tensions within the specified safe limits．For load sharing on multiple drives．torque and speed control are also important consideratio ns in the drive system’s design. Due to the advances in conveyor drive control technology，at present many more reliable．Cost-effective and performance-driven conveyor drive systems cov ering a wide range of power are available for customers’ choices[1]. 1 Analysis on conveyor drive technologies 1．1 Direct drives Full-voltage starters．With a full-voltage starter design，the conveyor head shaft is direct-coupled to the motor through the gear drive．Direct full-voltage starters are adequate for relatively low-power, simple-profile conveyors．With direct fu11-voltage starters．no control is provided for various conveyor loads and．depending on the ratio between fu11- and no-1oad power requirements，empty starting times can be three or four times faster than full load．The maintenance-free starting system is simple，low-cost and very reliable．However, they cannot control starting torque and maximum stall torque；therefore．they are
机械图纸英语翻译
1，PERMANENTLY MARK PART NUMBER(ALL METHODS ACCEPTABLE)IN LOCATION SHOWN：SAME AS DWG NO.INCLUDING REV & DATE OF MFG 2，REMOVE ALL BURRS AND BREAK ALL EDGES 3，ALL DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES APPLY AFTER FINISHING(IF REQUIRED) 4，COSMETIC INSPECTION CLASS IIA-EXTERNAL COMPONENT 5，MATERIAL：LAMINATED 1/2" CORIAN；COLOR SPECIFIED IN PURCHASE ORDER 6，FINISH：LAMINATION TO APPEAR SEAMLESS;NO PITTS OR LINES POST MACHINING：CLEAN & FURTHER SPECIFICATION IN PO 7，POLISHING：IF SPECIFIED IN PO；TOP，SIDES，CHAMFER & 1/2" FROM EDGE ON BASE SURFACE 8，ARTWORK：IF SPECIFIED IN PO；TO BE READ FROM ELLIPTICAL PROFILE 9，PART TO BE MANUFACTURED REFERENCING DWG AND 3D GEOMETRY SUPPLIED 2，1.如图所示的位置上加上耐久的产品编号标记,就是图纸编号包括图纸版本号及生产日期. 2.除去所有毛刺及所有边倒角. 3.(如必要的话)产品表面处理后,所有的尺寸及公差要符合要求. 4.外观检测等级为【信息工业协会[美]-外观件】 5.产品材料:1/2 英寸厚的"可丽耐"薄板, 颜色在采购单内注明. 6.表面要求:层压后无结合线,无凹坑或凸凹线状, 后处理: 洁净及详细请看采购单说明. 7.表面抛光: 如果在采购单中有说明则按其要求做,否则顶部,侧面,倒角斜面及底边上来1/2英寸处要抛光. 8.美工; 如果在采购单中有说明则按其要求做,否则从椭圆形中来读取(这一点要能与你们专业有关,我就不是很清楚, 要看产品图才知) 9.产品加工请参照提供的工程图及三维立体图. Assembly line 组装线 Layout 布置图 Conveyer 流水线物料板 Rivet table 拉钉机 Rivet gun 拉钉枪 Screw driver 起子 Electric screw driver 电动起子 Pneumatic screw driver 气动起子 worktable 工作桌 OOBA 开箱检查 fit together 组装在一起 fasten 锁紧(螺丝) fixture 夹具(治具) pallet 栈板
机械类毕业设计外文翻译
本科毕业论文(设计) 外文翻译 学院：机电工程学院 专业：机械工程及自动化 姓名：高峰 指导教师：李延胜 2011年05 月10日 教育部办公厅 Failure Analysis，Dimensional Determination And
Analysis，Applications Of Cams INTRODUCTION It is absolutely essential that a design engineer know how and why parts fail so that reliable machines that require minimum maintenance can be designed．Sometimes a failure can be serious，such as when a tire blows out on an automobile traveling at high speed．On the other hand，a failure may be no more than a nuisance．An example is the loosening of the radiator hose in an automobile cooling system．The consequence of this latter failure is usually the loss of some radiator coolant，a condition that is readily detected and corrected．The type of load a part absorbs is just as significant as the magnitude．Generally speaking，dynamic loads with direction reversals cause greater difficulty than static loads，and therefore，fatigue strength must be considered．Another concern is whether the material is ductile or brittle．For example，brittle materials are considered to be unacceptable where fatigue is involved． Many people mistakingly interpret the word failure to mean the actual breakage of a part．However，a design engineer must consider a broader understanding of what appreciable deformation occurs．A ductile material，however will deform a large amount prior to rupture．Excessive deformation，without fracture，may cause a machine to fail because the deformed part interferes with a moving second part．Therefore，a part fails(even if it has not physically broken)whenever it no longer fulfills its required function．Sometimes failure may be due to abnormal friction or vibration between two mating parts．Failure also may be due to a phenomenon called creep，which is the plastic flow of a material under load at elevated temperatures．In addition，the actual shape of a part may be responsible for failure．For example，stress concentrations due to sudden changes in contour must be taken into account．Evaluation of stress considerations is especially important when there are dynamic loads with direction reversals and the material is not very ductile． In general，the design engineer must consider all possible modes of failure，which include the following． ——Stress ——Deformation ——Wear ——Corrosion ——Vibration ——Environmental damage ——Loosening of fastening devices
机械专业相关词汇中英文翻译大全
机械专业相关词汇中英文翻译大全 单价unit price 工日合计Man-day total/work-day total 人工费cost of labor 材料费materials expenses 机械的mechanical 检查接线connection test 发电机generator 调相机phase regulator 周波cycle 减负荷装置 load-shedding equipment 断路器柜circuit breaker cabinet 单母线single busbar 互感器transformer 每相电流Current by Phase 封闭式插接close type socket joint 发电机控制面板generator control panel 分级卸载sorted unloading 同步控制synchronization control 调速器 speed governor 信号屏signal screen 继电器relay 高压柜high pressure cabinet 油浸电力变压器oil-immersed power transformer 空气断路器air circuit breaker 控制屏control panel 直流馈电屏direct current feed control panel 电容器electric condenser 计量盘metering panel 成套配电箱whole set of distribution box 落地式floor model 控制开关Control switches 铜芯电力电缆Copper core power cable 控制电缆actuating cable 热缩式电力电缆终端头pyrocondensation power cable terminal 钢结构支架配管steel structure bracket tubing 万用槽钢versatile U-steel 电缆托架 cable bracket 钢制托盘式桥架steel Tray-type cable support system waterproof socket 防水插座 防爆插座Explosion-proof socket 接地绞线earthing twisted pair 接地母线 earthing bus
机械类毕业设计外文文献翻译
沈阳工业大学工程学院 毕业设计（论文）外文翻译 毕业设计（论文）题目：工具盒盖注塑模具设计 外文题目：Friction , Lubrication of Bearing 译文题目：轴承的摩擦与润滑 系（部）：机械系 专业班级：机械设计制造及其自动化0801 学生姓名：王宝帅 指导教师：魏晓波 2010年10 月15 日
外文文献原文： Friction , Lubrication of Bearing In many of the problem thus far , the student has been asked to disregard or neglect friction . Actually , friction is present to some degree whenever two parts are in contact and move on each other. The term friction refers to the resistance of two or more parts to movement. Friction is harmful or valuable depending upon where it occurs. friction is necessary for fastening devices such as screws and rivets which depend upon friction to hold the fastener and the parts together. Belt drivers, brakes, and tires are additional applications where friction is necessary. The friction of moving parts in a machine is harmful because it reduces the mechanical advantage of the device. The heat produced by friction is lost energy because no work takes place. Also , greater power is required to overcome the increased friction. Heat is destructive in that it causes expansion. Expansion may cause a bearing or sliding surface to fit tighter. If a great enough pressure builds up because made from low temperature materials may melt. There are three types of friction which must be overcome in moving parts: (1)starting, (2)sliding, and(3)rolling. Starting friction is the friction between two solids that tend to resist movement. When two parts are at a state of rest, the surface irregularities of both parts tend to interlock and form a wedging action. To produce motion in these parts, the wedge-shaped peaks and valleys of the stationary surfaces must be made to slide out and over each other. The rougher the two surfaces, the greater is starting friction resulting from their movement . Since there is usually no fixed pattern between the peaks and valleys of two mating parts, the irregularities do not interlock once the parts are in motion but slide over each other. The friction of the two surfaces is known as sliding friction. As shown in figure ,starting friction is always greater than sliding friction . Rolling friction occurs when roller devces are subjected to tremendous stress which cause the parts to change shape or deform. Under these conditions, the material in front of a roller tends to pile up and forces the object to roll slightly uphill. This changing of shape , known as deformation, causes a movement of molecules. As a result ,heat is produced from the added energy required to keep the parts turning and overcome friction. The friction caused by the wedging action of surface irregularities can be overcome