宾语从句学案
宾语从句
语法概述
句子按照结构分为三类：
一、简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子叫简单句。（1）简单句从目的和用途划分，一般分为四种：祈使句、陈述句、感叹句和疑问句。（2）简单句从句子结构划分，分为简单句的五种基本句型：
1.主语+谓语S+V We work hard.
2.主语+谓语+宾语S++V++DO
Eg. Tom bought a book yesterday.
Different colours represent different characteristics
3.主语+连系动词+表语S++V+P
Eg. He feels energetic today.
Unity is strength (power).
We require knowledge.
4.语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语S+V+INO+DO
Eg. The scientist gave us a wonderful speech in our school last week.
Dad bought me a nice cell phone .
5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补S+V+DO+OC
We call him Tom.
Mother tells me to work hard.
The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.
We must keep our classroom clean.
二、并列句：
由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子叫并列句。并列连词有and ,but, or, so, while(然而) ，not only…but also, either…or. ，neither …nor …,both---and ..详见9A Unit
1 Grammar。
三、主从复合句：
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫做主从复合句。主句和从句都具有完整的主语和谓语，但从句只是主句的一个成分，不能独立存在。根据从句在全句中的不同作用分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句，前四种从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词，统称为名词性从句。
四、宾语从句专讲
1、概念：在句中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。
2、宾语从句三大类：陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句
（1）由从属连词that连接的宾语从句（连接陈述意义的从句）
注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略eg: I hear (that) he will come back in an hour.
I know (that) English is very important.
(2) 由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句(连接一般疑问意义的从句)
eg: can you tell me if / whether you can come here tomorrow.
Lily wanted to know whether her grandma liked the handbag or not
(3) 由连接代词Who, whom, whose, which, what 和连接副词where, how, why, when引导
的宾语从句（连接特殊疑问意义的从句）
eg: do you know who they are waiting for?
I understand what you said.
He asked me how he could get to the railway station.
3、宾语从句三要素：连接词、时态、语序
（1）连接词: that, if（是否）, whether（是否），wh-words ( who,whom,whose,which,what where ,how , why, when)
注：1）that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分,在口语当中往往省略。
2）if 连接宾语从句时，意思是“是否”，而if引导条件状语时，意思是“如果”。
3)只能用whether不能用if的情况
1. 在介词后面：
I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing.
We are worried about whether it will rain tomorrow.
2. 在动词不定式前：
They asked me whether to go skating.
3. 当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时:
I don’t know whether he’s free or no t.
4. 宾语从句提前时：
Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.
5. 用if 有歧义时
Could you tell me if you come?
（2）句子顺序：无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。
Eg: He said ( that ) he would like to see the headmaster .
Could you tell me how I can get to the Science Museum ?
Please tell me where I can buy the beautiful flower .
The teacher asked me if I have read the book .
注：当特殊疑问句的语序本身就是陈述句的语序时(特殊疑问词就是句子的主语或主语的定语)，变宾语从句语序不变。
Eg. What’s wrong with your computer?
What’s the trouble with you？
What’s the matter with you?
Who is on duty today?
How many students took part in the sports meeting?
Which is the way to Hongmei Park?
时态：
1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需
要的任何一种时态。
e.g
I hear ( that ) Tom has been to Guilin twice .
I hear ( that ) she will come tomorrow .
I hear ( that ) Jim went to work an hour ago .
I hear ( that ) he is interested in English .
2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到
主句和从句的相互一致。
e.g
He said ( that ) he would go to Xi’an .
He said ( that ) he was ill yesterday .
He said ( that ) he was reading a book .
He said ( that ) he had had supper already
3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态
的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。
e.g
He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon .
The teacher told the students that no news is good news .
The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health .
Exercises:
动词填空
1.The radio says that it _________ cloudy tomorrow. (be)
2.The headmaster hopes that everything ______ well. (go)
3.Tom says that they ____________ (play) basketball at six o’clock yester day evening.
4.I hear that they __________ (return) it already.
5.He said that they _________ members of the Party since 1948. (be)
6.He asked what they __________ at eight last night. (do)
The teacher told his class that light _______ faster than sound. (travel)
I think that you __________ about the relay race now. (talk)
I didn’t know whom the letters _________ from. (be)
I didn’t know what time he _______ the letter. (write)
Miss Wang told me that the earth ______(move) round the earth.
Could you tell me who _________ away the book already? (take)
Ling Feng told me he _________ abroad several times. (be)
Our teacher told us in class the sun _______ in the east. (rise)
Can you tell me what they ______ yesterday? (do)
（3）特例
（1）在某些句型中，特别是带复合宾语的句子中，that 引导的从句常常移到后面去，前面用
一个it 作形式上的宾语。(但是，有时it 也可以省略）
e.g：
We all thought it a pity that she couldn’t come .
（2）在把简单句变为复合句的练习中，千万要注意：
句式的转变：若原句是祈使句，不能用宾语从句改写，而应该用“ask sb. to do
sth. ”的句式。
e.g
Don’t open the door . （用they 作主语变为宾语从句）
——They ask not to open the door .
代词的变化：如果将某人的原话变为宾语从句时，我们就应该考虑代词的变化。
e.g
“ I come from Canada ” , Lucy says .
——Lucy says that she comes from Canada .
（3）宾语从句的否定形式：
一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。但若主句谓语动词是think 、expect 、believe 、guess 、imagine 、suppose 等表示“认为，猜想”的词时，一般要把宾语从句中的否定式转移到主句中。
e.g I don’t think it’s going to rain . I don’t believe she will lend you the money .
中考链接一：考查引导宾语从句的连接词
1.There’s a red car parking in our neighborhood. Do you know ___ it is?
A What
B who
C Whose
D whom
( ) 2.I’m wondering____ Liu Xiang will have time to ______ the meeting.
A whether,attend
B that,attend
C whether, appear
D that,appear
( ) 3.—Can you tell me____it is from here to the Summer Palace?
—Let me see.It’s about fifteen minutes’ ride.
A how long
B how soon
C how far
D how much
中考链接二：考查宾语从句的时态
（）1.—Where is Tom? Do you know? ---I think he_____ to the library.
A has gone
B goes
C has been
D went
( ) 2.Tom said he ____ back in a week.
A will come
B would come
C come
( ) 3.I don’t know if it ____ tomorrow.If it___, I’ll stay at home.
A will rain, rains
B rains ,will rain
C will rain ,will rain
D rains , rains
中考链接三：考查宾语从句的语序(时态，连接词，语序同时考查）
( ) 1.He asked me______ .
A. if she will come
B. how many books I want to have
C. They would help us do it
D. what was wrong with me
( ) 2.---The holiday is coming . Have you decided__?
---I’m planning to go Hawaii.
A. when you’re going to enjoy it
B. how often are you going to enjoy it
c. where you’re going to enjoy it