初三英语语法知识——宾语从句知识精讲
初三英语语法知识——宾语从句
【本讲主要内容】
语法知识——宾语从句
【知识总结归纳】
1. 简单句和复合句
（1）只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子叫简单句。根据句子的结构，简单句可分为5种：
①主语+不及物动词（S + V）
②主语+系动词+表语（S + V + P）
③主语+及物动词+宾语（S + V + O）
④主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（S + V + IO + DO）
⑤主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（S + V + O + P）
另外，还有一种特殊的There be句型
根据句子的功能，简单句又可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。
（2）复合句是由一个主句加一个或几个从句所构成的句子，从句只用作句子的一个成分，不能独立，根据从句在句中的作用，可分为名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句三类，宾语从句是名词性从句的一种。
2. 名词性从句
名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。
（1）主语从句在句中作主语一般情况下由于从句较长，如果放在主句谓语动词之前，会失去句子平衡，所以会使用it作形式主语，而将从句放在主句之后。
eg. It is strange that you like this scary film . What we need is more time .
（2）表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句的系动词之后。
eg. The question is who can complete the difficult task .
He looked as if he was going to cry .
（3）同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容。
eg. She asked the reason why there was a delay .
The news that our team has won the match is true .
3. 宾语从句
（1）宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语，常用的引导宾语从句的连词有that , whether 和if ; 代词有who , whose , what , which以及副词when , where , how , why 等。
eg. I want to know if he will come . Do you know who they are waiting for ?
We can learn what we did not know .
如果主句的谓语动词是及物动词make , find , see , hear及think等词的时候，一般将宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后，用it作为形式宾语。
eg. We find it rseful that we practise spoken English every day .
这类句子一般也可以转换成为：We find it useful to practise spoken English every day . 另外，一些表语形容词（如sure , happy , glad , afraid等）之后也可以带一个从句，这类从句同样属于宾语从句。
eg. We are sure that our class will win . I am afraid that the weather may
be worse .
（2）关联词 if 和whether 在多数情况下是可以互换的，但在以下n 种情况中只能用
whether , 不能用if 表示“是否”。
① 用在介词之后
It all depends on whether they will support us .
② 后面跟动词不定式时
He doesn’t know whether to stay or to leave .
③ 后面紧跟or not 时
We didn’t know whether she was ready or not .
④ 用if 有时会引起歧义
如：Please tell me if you like it .
?
??如果喜欢请告诉我请告诉我你是否喜欢 （3）直接引语和间接引语
引述别人的语言为直接引语，与主句用逗号隔开并放在引号内；用自己的话转述别人的
话叫间接引语，用连接词与主句联连，无标点限制，这两种引语都是宾语从句，可以进行相
互转换。
① 陈述句变为以that 引导的宾语从句
He said , “ I’m very glad . ” ? He said that he was very glad .
② 一般疑问句变为if / whether 引导的宾语从句
He said , “ Can you come this afternoon , John ? ” ? He asked John if
he could come that afternoon .
③ 特殊疑问句变为由who , what , when 等词引导的宾语从句。
He said , “ Where is Mr Wang ? ” He asked whose Mr Wang was .
要注意上述例句中时态、人称代词、时间状语的变化，当主句中的动词为一般过去时态
【题型展示】
[例1] — Do you know ? — Next year .
A. when he came here
B. when did he come here
C. when he will come here
D. when will he come here
答案：C （北京市 2003）
[例2] Do you know during the coming summer holiday ?
A. what will Tom do
B. what did Tom do
C. what Tom will do
D. what Tom did
答案：D （北京海淀区 2003）
[例3] I wait to know .
A. what is his name B . what’s his name C. that his name is D. what his
name is
答案：D （天津市2003）
[例4] I’m sorry , I really don’t know the clock .
A. to mend
B. how should I mend
C. what to mend
D. how to mend
答案：D （天津市 2003）
[例5] The boy asked his mother , “ Does water freeze at 0℃? ” ? The boy asked
his mother
water at 0℃ .
答案：if / whether , freezes （上海市 2003）
[例6] —I don’t know if his uncle . — I think he if it doesn’t
rain .
A. will come , comes
B. will come , will come
C. comes , comes
D. comes , will come
答案：B （重庆市 2003）
[例7] Mr King didn’t know yesterday evening .
A. when does his son come here
B. when his son comes home
C. when did his son come home
D. when his son came home
答案：D （吉林省 2003）
[例8] J im doesn’t understand .
A. which is the way to the museum
B. why his wife always goes shopping
C. what is the way to the museum
D. why does she always going shopping
答案：B （辽宁省 2003）
[例9] — What did he say ? — He asked me .
A. what is the young man’s telephone number
B. what the young man’s telephone number is
C. what the young man’s telephone number
D. what the young man’s telephone number was
答案：D （山东省济南市 2003）
[例10] “ People now know more about SARS and the right ways to keep themselves
safe . ” the doctor said to the re porters . ? The doctor the reporters people now more about SARS and the right ways to themselves it .
答案：told , that , know , protect , against （山东省济南
市 2003）
【实战模拟】
一. 选择填空：
（）1. Do you know Mr Green came to China ?
A. what
B. when
C. which
D. where
（）2. I want to know he can be here on time .
A. who
B. when
C. where
D. if
（）3. Could you tell me ?
A. what your mother do
B. what does your mother do
C. your mother does
D. what your mother does
（）4. Would you please tell me I can get to the station ?
A. where
B. how
C. which
D. why
（）5. Please tell me .
A. why hasn’t he come
B. why he didn’t come
C. why didn’t he come
D. why he hasn’t come
（）6. Did you know a sports meeting next Saturday ?
A. there would have to be
B. if there were
C. if there was going to be
D. there was going to have
二. 连接两个句子注意，用宾语从句形式：
1. He will come back in a week . I think …
I think he back in a week .
2. Who is he looking for ? Do you know ?
Do you know looking for ?
3. Why is the plane late ? I didn’t know …
I didn’t kn ow the plane .
4. He has already come back . He told me .
He told me he already come back .
5. How can I get to the Summer Palace ? Could you tell me ?
Could you tell me get to the Summer Palace ?
6. Why didn’t he come yesterday ? Can you tell me ?
Can you tell me come yesterday ?
7. What are they doing ? Tom didn’t tell me .
Tom didn’t tell me they doing .
8. When will we have an English test ? The teacher didn’t tell us .
The teacher didn’t tell us have an English text .
9. Where will the meeting be ? I asked him .
I asked him the meeting be .
10. Whose watch is this ? Does anybody know ?
Dose anybody know ?
三. 根据括号中的中文完成句子：
1. Could you tell me to the station ? （去车站的路怎么走）
2. I believe . （我们的球队会赢的）
3. She asked me I . （我最喜欢哪张画）
4. I asked the teacher . （暑假什么时候开始）
5. I hear they very much . （他们很想念我们）
6. She said（that）she . （她感觉比昨天好多了）
7. The teacher asked this question . （谁能用英语回答这个问题）
8. Did you ask her in her class ? （她的班里有多少学生）
9. Mike said that he to Australia. （他从来没有去过澳大利亚）
10. I went over to see there . （那边发生了什么事）
四. 将下列每组的两个句子用适当的词连接起来，注意时态和语序：
1. Do you like English ? Wei Fang asked me .
Wei Fang asked me English .
2. Were you at home before nine last night ? The pliceman wants to know .
The policeman wants to know at home before nine last night .
3. Has he come back from Guangzhou ? I asked my teacher .
I asked my teacher he back from Guangzhou .
4. I’ll go to the park . It doesn’t rain tomorrow .
I’ll go to the park it rain tomorrow .
5. Can Mike drive a car ? Could you tell us ?
Could you tell us Mike a car ?
6. Did Alice work out the problem herself ? I asked the teacher .
I asked the teacher Alice out the problem herself .
7. Are they planting trees now ? They didn’t tell us .
They didn’t tell us they planting trees now .
五. 用所给动词的适当形式填空：
1. I （tell）the teacher that two more students just （join）
the League .
2. He said his mother （buy）a pair of new shoes for him .
3. He asked if you （water）the flowers .
4. Could you tell me if there （be）an English test next Wednesday ?
5. I ask him if he （come）to my party when he （have）time next Sunday .
6. Nobody knows if it （rain）tomorrow .
六. 连词成句：
1. she , yesterday , she , say , have , a fever
2. again , why , be , she , ask , late , the teacher
3. a physics book , she , him , buy , he , ask , if
4. you , me , plenty of , can , there be , if , in spring , water , tell , in the
south
5. whether , I , the whole street , be cleaned , not know
试题答案
一.
1. B
2. D
3. D
4. B
5. D
6. C
二.
1. that ; would come
2. who he is
3. why ; was late
4. that ; had
5. how I can
6. why he didn’t
7. what ; were
8. when we would 9. where would 10. whose water this is
三.
1. where is the way
2. our team can win
3. which picture ; like best
4. when the summer holidays would begin
5. miss us
6. felt much better than yesterday
7. who could answer ; in English
8. how many students there were 9. had never been 10. what had happened
四.
1. if I liked
2. if I was
3. if ; had come
4. if ; doesn’t
5. if ; can drive
6. if ; had worked
7. if ; were
五.
1. told ; had ; joined
2. bought
3. had watered
4. will be
5. will come ; has
6. will rain
六.
1. She said she had a fever yesterday .
2. The teacher asked why she was late again .
3. She asked him if he had bought a physics book .
4. Can you tell me if there is plenty of water is spring is the south ?
5. I don’t know whether the whole street is cleaned .
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