初中英语语法 不定代词 讲义

初中英语语法 不定代词 讲义
初中英语语法 不定代词 讲义

不定代词

一、不定代词的定义:

不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。不定代词可以分为一般不定代词和复合不定代词。

二、一般不定代词及用法

1. some/any 含义:“一些”,既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。

区别:1). some用于陈肯句;any用于疑问句或否定句。

I can see some flowers, but I can`t see any apples.

2). some 用在疑问句中有表示请求或建议的功能;any用在肯定句中有强调或加强语气的功能,意为“任何”。Would you like some coffee?

You may come at any time.

2. many/much

注意:“many”和“much”前可有so, too等词进行修饰。

There are too many mistakes in your diary. So many people are waiting for the bus.

Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t go with you. I’ve got too much work to do.

3. few/a few/little/a little

He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。

We still have a little time. There is little time left.

4. both, either, neither, all, every, none

5. “other” 、“another”、“others”和“the others”

I have two pencils. One is yellow, the other is red.

I don’t like this green pencil, please give me another one.

In our class, some students like playing football, others like playing basketball.

There are seven people in Running Man. One is a woman, and the others are men.

三、复合不定代词及用法

1. 复合不定代词的构成:复合不定代词是由some-,any-,no-,every-加上-one,-body,-thing 所组成的不定代词。

注意:形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时,形容词或else要置于复合不定代词之后。

There’s nothing else in the fridge.冰箱里没有其他的东西了。

2. some-类的复合不定代词常用于肯定句或征求意见的疑问句中;any-类的复合不定

代词常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。

Someone wants to talk with you. 有人想和你说话。

Can I have something to drink, please? 请问我可以喝点东西吗?

He doesn’t want to do anything. 他不想做任何事情。

3. any-类的复合不定代词与not连用,相当于no-类的复合不定代词。

There is not anything(= nothing) in that box. 那个盒子里没有什么东西。

4. no one可以用于回答who引导的疑问句,不能回答how many引导的疑问句。

---Who knows the answer to the question? 谁知道这个问题的答案。

---No one. 没有人知道。

5. every-类的复合不定代词与not连用,表示部分否定。

Not everybody likes watching TV. 并非人人都喜欢看电视。

Not everything is like what you said. 不是一切都像你说的那样。

6. –one类和-body类的复合不定代词之后可以加上-‘s构成所有格。

He just found someo ne’s wallet.他刚刚发现别人的钱包。

一、重难点

1.在否定句中not...any的意义相当于no。There isn’t any (= is no) water in the bottle.

2. some用于可数名词单数前,表示“某个”。Some careless man has taken my umbrella.

某个粗心大意的人拿走了我的雨伞。

3. everyone意为“人人、每人”,只指人,不指物,其后不能跟of短语;every one意为“每个”,可以指人,也可以指物,后面可以跟of短语。与every搭配的不定代词后,谓语用单数形式。

Everyone in the class passed the math exam.这次数学考试班上人人都及格了。

Every one of us must study hard.我们中每一位都必须努力学习。

二、易错点:

1. 在征求意见的疑问句中或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中,常用some.

Would you like some dessert? 你要吃些甜点吗?

2. both和all与not连用时表示部分否定,意为“并非......都......”。如:

Both my parents are not doctors.并非我的父母都是医生。

3. each 表示“每一”,可以跟单数可数名词,也可以单独使用。each强调个体,可以用于两者之间,可以用于三者或三者以上之间,可以和of连用。在句中可以作主语、宾语或同位语。作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

Each student can spend 10yuan.每个学生能花10元钱。

Each of his children goes to a different school. 他的每个孩子都在不同的学校读书。

冠词

冠词是说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词,置于名词之前,它不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词的分类:不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词。

一、不定冠词

1. 不定冠词的搭配:

不定冠词有a和an两个,表示“一个”,“一类”或“一”,可以说是单数名词的帽子,用于单数名词之前。

2. 不定冠词的用法

3. 不定冠词常用在某些固定词组中,

a lot (of) 许多,大量 a little 一点儿 a few 一些,少数几个

in a hurry 匆忙have a cold 感冒make a face 做鬼脸

a number of许多 a pair of 一对have a good time过得愉快

have a swim=swim have a walk=walk have a look=look

have a talk=talk

二、定冠词

定冠词只包含一个“the”,用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。区别于不定冠词,定冠词具有确定的意思,用以特指人或事物。

1. 定冠词的基本用法

2. 定冠词的其他用法

三、零冠词

零冠词是指名词前面没有不定冠词( a/an )、定冠词( the ),也没有其他限定词的现象。

1. 零冠词的基本用法

2. 不用冠词的其他情况

二、易错点:

1. 不定冠词a用在辅音音素前,而不是用在辅音字母前;an用在元音音素前,而不是用在元音字母前。如:a European, a university, an hour, an honest boy。

2. 零冠词中,国名、人名前不加冠词,是指单纯词形式的词,如:England, America, Frank;不能是合成词,如:the United States of America。

3. 当由介词by加交通工具表达交通方式时,不加冠词(但是由动词take加交通工具时,则需要用冠词),例如:by bus=take a bus; by taxi=take a taxi

不定代词用法总结

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不定代词用法归纳 一、不定代词概说 英语的不定代词有all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, a ny, no, (a) few, (a) little, both, enough, every 等,以及由some, any, no 和every 构成的合成代词(即somebody, anyone, nothing 等)。在这些不定代词中,多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语,但是代词none 以及由some, an y, no 和every 构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语,不能作定语,而no 和every 则只用作定语。 二、指两者和三者的不定代词 有些不定代词用于指两者(如both, either, neither),有的不定代词用于指三者(如all, any, none, every),注意不要弄混: Both of my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。 All of the students are interested in it. 所有的学生对此都很感兴趣。 There are trees on any side of the square. 广场的每一边都种有树。 He has two sons, neither of whom is rich. 他有两个儿子,都不富有。 He has three sons, none of whom is rich. 他有三个儿子,都不富有。 【说明】each 可用于两者、三者或三者以上,而every 只用于三者或三者以上,因此用于两者时只能用eac h,不能用every。如不能说There are trees on every side of the road. 三、复合不定代词的用法特点 复合不定代词包括something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, ever ything, everybody, everyone 等。它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语。something, someone 等和anything, anyone等的区别与some 和any 的区别一样,前者一般用于肯定句,后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句(参见any & some)。具体使用时应注意以下几点: 1.复合不定代词受定语修饰时,定语应放在它们后面: There is nothing wrong with the radio. 这收音机没有毛病。 Have you seen anyone [anybody] famous? 你见过名人吗? 2.指人的复合不定代词若用作主语,其谓语动词一般用单数,相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词they, them, their: Everyone knows this, doesn’t he [don’t they]? 人人都知道这一点,不是吗? If anybody [anyone] comes, ask him [them] to wait. 要是有人来,让他等着。 3.指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语,谓语动词只能用单数,相应的人称代词也只能用it,而不用they: Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切都准备好了,是吗? 4.anyone, everyone 等只能指人,不能指物,且其后一般不接of 短语。若是指物或后接of 短语,可用any one, every one (分开写): any one of the boys (books) 孩子们(书)当中的任何一个(本) every one of the students (schools) 每一个学生(一所学校) 四、是any not 还是not any 按英语习惯,any 以及含有any的复合不定代词用于否定句时,它只能出现在否定词之后,而不能在否定词之前: 误:Any one doesn’t know how to do it. 正:No one knows how to do it. 任何人都不知道如何做它。 误:Anybody [Anyone] cannot do it.

初中英语语法知识—代词的专项训练及答案

一、选择题 1.Some people are interested in _______women’s sense of smell is better developed than _____of men. A.which; that B.what; one C.which; one D.whether; that 2.I ate ______ at lunch because the food was terrible. A.anything B.nothing C.something D.everything 3.一I like the story of The Maze Runner better than of Tire Hunger Came. 一I agree. The fights are more exciting than in The Hunger Game. A.that; those B.those; those C.that; that D.those; that 4.—Did you buy a large house? —No, not really, at least not as large as ______. A.yours B.your C.you 5.Success comes from hard work. Lazy people can achieve . A.everything B.something C.nothing D.anything 6.Helen has got two brothers. _____ of them likes chocolate, but she loves it. A.Neither B.None C.Each D.Any 7.---Can you tell me how to have a good relationship with parents? ---Certainly. If you often talk about your ideas with them, they will talk about with you, too. A.their B.them C.theirs 8.I’m surprised at the new look of hometown. A.I B.me C.my D.mine 9.The main difference between our brains and those of monkeys is that _____ are bigger. A.we B.ours C.our D.us 10.My parents showed some old pictures that brought back sweet memories. A.I B.me C.my D.mine 11.--- Whose book is this, Jack? -- Oh, it’s ______. I am looking for it everywhere. A.me B.my C.mine D.I’m 12.I think ______ important to prepare more food for tomorrow’s party. A.that B.it C.this D.us 13.—I can’t believe Jim got first in the competition. — As you know, God helps those who help ______. A.yourself B.himself C.yourselves D.themselves 14.My brother will come to see me tomorrow. I’ll meet at the airport. A.her B.you C.him D.them 15.—Which book would you like to borrow? —________ of the two books is OK with me. A.Either B.Both

不定代词讲解

不定代词讲解与习题 . 不定代词讲解与习题 . 不定代词用法注意点: 1. one, some与any: 1) one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,复数为ones。 a. one作为代词可以指人,也可以指物。 b. one,ones (one的复数形式) 可用来代替前面出现过的少数名词,以避免重复。 c. one的前面可用this,that,the,which等词来修饰。 d. 常有a+形容词+one这一形式。 it和one的用法区别:it用来指特定的东西,而one则用于替代不特定的东西 some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句和否定句。 One should learn to think of others. Have you any bookmarks no, i don’t have any bookmarks. I have some questions to ask. 2) some可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等。 would you like some bananas could you give me some money 3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时,some表示某个,any表示任何一个。 i have read this article in some magazine. please correct the mistakes, if any. 4) some和数词连用表示“大约”,any可与比较级连用表示程度。 there are some 3,000 students in this school. do you feel any better toda y 2. each和every: a. each用来指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个。every则指两个以上的人或物中的一个。 b. 从含义和语法功能上看,each是“单个”的意思,侧重个体,在句中可作主语、同位语、定语和宾语。而every是“每一个”之意,侧重全体、整体、共性。在句中只能作定语,也就是说它后面必须跟着名词。而由every构成的合成词后面绝不能跟名词。 each强调个别,代表的数可以是两个或两个以上,而every强调整体,所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。each student has a pocket dictionary. / each (of us) has a dictionary. / we e ach have a dictionary.

不定代词讲解初中英语语法

不定代词讲解与习题. 不定代词讲解与习题 . 不定代词用法注意点: 1. one, some与any: 1) one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,复数为ones。 a. one作为代词可以指人,也可以指物。 b. one,ones (one的复数形式) 可用来代替前面出现过的少数名词,以避免重复。 c. one的前面可用this,that,the,which等词来修饰。 d. 常有a+形容词+one这一形式。 it和one的用法区别:it用来指特定的东西,而one则用于替代不特定的东西 some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句和否定句。 One should learn to think of others. Have you any bookmarks? no, i don’t have any bookmarks. I have some questions to ask. 2) some可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等。 would you like some bananas? could you give me some money? 3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时,some表示某个,any表示任何一个。 i have read this article in some magazine. please correct the mistakes, if any. 4) some和数词连用表示“大约”,any可与比较级连用表示程度。 there are some 3,000 students in this school. do you feel any better today? 2. each和every: a. each用来指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个。every则指两个以上的人或物中的一个。 b. 从含义和语法功能上看,each是“单个”的意思,侧重个体,在句中可作主语、同位语、定语和宾语。而every是“每一个”之意,侧重全体、整体、共性。在句中只能作定语,也就是说它后面必须跟着名词。而由every构成的合成词后面绝不能跟名词。 each强调个别,代表的数可以是两个或两个以上,而every强调整体,所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。each student has a pocket dictionary. / each (of us) has a dictionary. / we each have a dictionary. every student has strong and weak points. / every one of us has strong and weak points. 3. none和no: no等于not any,作定语。none作主语或宾语,代替不可数名词,谓语用单数,代替可数名词,谓语单复数皆可以。 there is no water in the bottle. how much water is there in the bottle? none. none of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties. 4. other和another: a. another=another"另一个”,泛指众多者中的另一个,在原有基础上自然增加的另一个。一般后面接单数 名词,前面不能加定冠词。有时another可以用在复数名词前表示“又”“再”,如:

(完整word版)初中英语不定代词讲解及习题(2)

不定代词 二、常见不定代词的基本用法 1、some和any: 都是“一些”的意思,都可与可数名词复数或不可数名词连用。 (1)some一般用于肯定句中,any 一般用于否定句或疑问句中。 Eg. ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ (2)在表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中,应该用some而不用any。 Eg. Would you please give me some paper? ___________________________________________________________ (3)当any 表示“任何”或“无论哪一个”的意义时,可以用于肯定句,此时any要重 读。 Eg. You may come at any time that is convenient to you. ___________________________________________________________ 2、表示数量的不定代词 (1)many______, few_______, a few_______, 用以代替或修饰可数名词。 (2)much______, little_______, a little________,用以代替或修饰不可数名词。 (3) _______和_______表示肯定意义,_______和_______表示否定意义。 (4)a lot of 和plenty of 等短语既可以修饰可数名词,又可以修饰不可数名词。 3、表示两者和三者的不定代词 (1)表示两者: both, either, neither (2)表示三者: all, any, none, every (3)表示肯定:both, all (4)表示否定:none, neither 练一练:用以上不定代词填空。 我的父母都是医生。__________________________________ 街道的两边都种了树。There are trees on ______ sides of the street. = There are trees on ______ side of the street. 他有两个儿子,都不富有。He has two sons. ______ of them is rich. 他有三个儿子,都不富有。He has three sons. ______ of them is rich. 三、复合不定代词的用法 (1)复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由 some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。 (2)somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中;anything, anybody, anyone一般用 于疑问句和否定句中。

不定代词的辨析

几组常用不定代词的用法辨析 1.some和any (1)some一般用于肯定的陈述句中,any多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。两 者都可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。例如: There is some water in the cup. Do you have any friends in Shanghai? If you have any help, let me know. (2)在疑问句中有时也用some,表示希望得到肯定回答或表示请求、建议、命令 等含义。例如: Would you like some more tea? Will you please give me some bread? (3)any也可以用在肯定陈述句中或条件状语从句中,表示“任何的”、“任何一个的”,其后接名词单数形式。例如: Jim runs faster than any other student in his class. You can ask any question you like. 2.little, a little与few, a few (1)few, a few修饰可数名词复数形式,little, a little 修饰不可数名词。 (2)a few, a little有肯定含义,译作“有几个”,“有一点”;而few和little表否定,译作“没有几个”,“没有多少”。 例如:-“Is there any water?”–“Yes, there is a little in it.” Few people know it, do they? 3.many, much和a lot of / lots of 都是“许多”的意思,many后接可数名词复数形式,much后接不可数名词,a lot of / lots of 后接可数名词复数形式或不可数名词都可以。 4.each和every each对两个或两个以上的人或物而言,侧重于个体,且可单独作主语、宾语等 来使用;every是对三个或三个以上的人或事物而言,侧重整体情况,不能指两个, 且不能单独使用,只能做修饰词。例如: There are many trees on each side of the street. Every good teacher should study his subject carefully. 5.both, all与neither, none both用来指两个人或物,表示“两者全都”,表肯定,修饰可数名词; all用于指三个或三个以上的人或物,表“三者以上全都”,也表肯定,但它也可代表或修饰不可数名词,可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。both和all都可做副词,位于系动词或助动词后,行为动词之前。 例如:My parents are both doctors.

初中英语语法不定代词讲解及习题

不定代词 一、不定代词概述定义 不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词some 类something, somebody, someone any 类no 类every 类常见不定代词其他 all, each, both, none, one, much, many, (a)few, (a)little, either, neither, other, another 不 定 代 词充当 成分作主语、宾语、表语、定语等 二、常见不定代词的基本用法 1、some 和any: 都是“一些”的意思,都可与可数名词复数或不可数名词连用。 (1)some 一般用于肯定句中,any 一般用于否定句或疑问句中。 Eg. ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ (2)在表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中,应该用some 而不用any 。 Eg. Would you please give me some paper? ___________________________________________________________ (3)当any 表示“任何”或“无论哪一个”的意义时,可以用于肯定句,此时any 要重读。 Eg. You may come at any time that is convenient to you. ___________________________________________________________ 2、表示数量的不定代词 (1)many______, few_______, a few_______, 用以代替或修饰可数名词。 (2)much______, little_______, a little________,用以代替或修饰不可数名词。 (3) _______和_______表示肯定意义,_______和_______表示否定意义。 (4)a lot of 和plenty of 等短语既可以修饰可数名词,又可以修饰不可数名词。 3、表示两者和三者的不定代词 (1)表示两者: both, either, neither (2)表示三者: all, any, none, every (3)表示肯定:both, all (4)表示否定:none, neither 练一练:用以上不定代词填空。 我的父母都是医生。__________________________________ 街道的两边都种了树。There are trees on ______ sides of the street. = There are trees on ______ side of the street. 他有两个儿子,都不富有。He has two sons. ______ of them is rich. 他有三个儿子,都不富有。He has three sons. ______ of them is rich. 三、复合不定代词的用法 (1)复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody 等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。 (2)somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中;anything, anybody, anyone 一般用于疑问句和否定句中。

(完整word版)初中语法精讲讲义(全)

(内部资料) 2018.1

目录 第一讲名词 第二讲冠词 第三讲代词 第四讲数词 第五讲介词 第六讲形容词和副词 第七讲连词 第八讲情态动词 第九讲非谓语动词 第十讲时态 第十一讲被动语态 第十二讲祈使句、倒装句、反意疑问句和感叹句第十三讲宾语从句 第十四讲定语从句 第十五讲状语从句 第十六讲主谓一致 第十七讲情景交际 第十八讲词义辨析 附录I 重点短语

概述 一、概述 语法是研究词形变化和句子结构的科学, 研究词形变化的部分成为词法(名词的数、格,动词的时态、语态), 研究句子结构的部分称为句法(句子成分、语序,句子种类)。 二、英语词类 词类英语作用在句中成分例词 1 名词n. 表示人或物的名称主、宾、表、定、同位mother, son 2 形容词adj. 表示人或物的特征定、表、补、状big, small 3 数词num. 表示数目或顺序主、宾、nine, first 4 代词pron. 代替名词,数词主语宾语定语he, him, his 5 动词v. 表示动作或状态谓come, write 6 副词adv. 表示动作特征或性状特征状、表very, slowly 7 冠词art. 用在名词前说明其意义不做成分a, an, the 8 介词prep. 用在名代前说明它与别的词之间的关系不做成分for, from, to 9 连词conj. 用来连接词与词或句与句不做成分and, but, if 10 感叹词interj. 表示说话时的感情或口气不做成分oh, ow 三、句子成分 句子中有两个最重要最基本的成分,主语和谓语。 除了主语和谓语,句子有时还有其他成分,宾语、定语、状语、表语等。 主语:一般位于句首,说明所要讲述的对象或主体,表示要说的“谁”或“什么”,一般由名词、代词或名词性的词类、短语或从句充当。

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