CCNA考试题库中英文翻译版及标准答案
CCNA考试题库中英文翻译版及答案
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CCNA考试题库中英文翻译版及答案1[1]
1. What are two reasons that a network administrator would use access lists? (Choose two.)
1.出于哪两种理由，网络管理员会使用访问列表?
A. to control vty access into a router
A.控制通过VTY访问路由器
B. to control broadcast traffic through a router
B.控制广播流量穿越路由器
2.一个默认的帧中继WAN被分类为哪种物理网络类型?
A. point-to-point
A.点到点
B. broadcast multi-access
B.广播多路访问
C. nonbroadcast multi-access
C.非广播多路访问
D. nonbroadcast multipoint
D.非广播多点
E. broadcast point-to-multipoint
E.广播点到多点
Answer: C
3. A single 802.11g access point has been configured and installed in the center of a squar
A few wireless users are experiencing slow performance and drops while most users are o
at peak efficiency. What are three likely causes of this problem? (Choose three.)
3.一个802.11接入点被部署在一个方形办公室的中央，当大多数用户在大流量传输数
一些无线用户发现无线网络变得缓慢和出现丢包
A. mismatched TKIP encryption
B. null SSID
C. cordless phones
D. mismatched SSID
E. metal file cabinets
F. antenna type or direction
Answer: CEF
4. Refer to the exhibit. How many broadcast domains exist in the exhibited topology?
根据下图，图中的拓扑中存在多少个广播域?
A. one A.1
B. two B.2
C. three C.3
D. four D.4
E. five E.5
F. six F.6
Answer: C
5. Refer to the exhibit. What two facts can be determined from the WLAN diagram? (Choose two.)
5.根据下图，WLAN diagram决定了哪两个事实
A. The area of overlap of the two cells represents a basic service set (BSS).
A. 两个 cells的overlap的区域描述了一个basic service set
B. The network diagram represents an extended service set (ESS).
B. 网络描述了一个extended service set
C. Access points in each cell must be configured to use channel 1.
C. 再每个CELL中的AP必须被配置成使用channel 1
D. The area of overlap must be less than 10% of the area to ensure connectivity.
D. 为了确保连通性,重叠区域必须小于10%
E. The two APs should be configured to operate on different channels.
E. 两个访问点应该被配置成工作在不同的频道
Answer: BE
6. The command frame-relay map ip 10.121.16.8 102 broadcast was entered on the router.Which of the following statements is true concerning this command?
6.路由器上输入命令frame-relay map ip 10.121.16.8 102 broadcast，以下选项正确的是?
A. This command should be executed from the global configuration mode.
A.该命令应该在全局配置模式下被执行
B. The IP address 10.121.16.8 is the local router port used to forward data.
B.IP地址10.121.16.8是本地路由器用来转发数据的接口
C. 102 is the remote DLCI that will receive the information.
C.102是远端的DLCI它将接受信息。
D. This command is required for all Frame Relay configurations.
D.这个命令要求被配置为所有的帧中继配置。
E. The broadcast option allows packets, such as RIP updates, to be forwarded across the PVC.
E.这个广播选项允许数据包，例如rip更新信息，将会被转发通过PVC.
Answer: E
7. Which type of attack is characterized by a flood of packets that are requesting a TCP connection
to a server?
7.哪种类型的攻击的特点是发大量的TCP请求连接数据包到服务器?
A. denial of service A.拒绝服务
B. brute force B.强制叠加
C. reconnaissance C.监听
D. Trojan horse D.木马
Answer: A
8. Which of the following are associated with the application layer of the OSI model? (Choose
two.)
8.以下两个选项是工作在OSI模型的应用层的?
A. ping
B. Telnet
C. FTP
D. TCP
E. IP
Answer: BC
9. Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator has created a new VLAN on Switch1 and addedhost
C and host D. The administrator has properly configured switch interfaces FastEthernet0/13 through FastEthernet0/24 to be members of the new VLAN. However, after the network administrator completed the configuration, host A could communicate with host B, but host A could not communicate with host C or host D. Which commands are required to resolve this problem?
9.网络管理员在交换机1上创建一个新VLAN并且将主机C和主机D加入到此VLAN中.管理员配置交换机接口FastEthernet0/13到FastEthernet0/24成为新VLAN成员.但是网络管理员完成配置以后,主机A可以和主机B通信,但是主机A不能和主机C或者主机D通信.哪个命令可以用来解决这个问题
A. Router(config)# interface fastethernet 0/1.3
Router(config-if)# encapsulation dot1q 3
Router(config-if)# ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
B. Router(config)# router rip
Router(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0
Router(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0
Router(config-router)# network 192.168.3.0
C. Switch1# vlan database
Switch1(vlan)# vtp v2-mode
Switch1(vlan)# vtp domain cisco
Switch1(vlan)# vtp server
D. Switch1(config)# interface fastethernet 0/1
Switch1(config-if)# switchport mode trunk
Switch1(config-if)# switchport trunk encapsulation isl
Answer: A
10. For security reasons, the network administrator needs to prevent pings into the corporate networks from hosts outside the internetwork. Which protocol should be blocked with access control lists?
10.出于安全考虑，网络管理员需要去防止外网主机PING内网，下面那个协议应该用access control lists 限制掉
A. IP
B. ICMP
C. TCP
D. UDP
Answer: B
11. What are two recommended ways of protecting network device configuration files from outside network security threats? (Choose two.)
11.哪两种方法被推荐用来保守网络设备的配置文件不受外网的威胁
A. Allow unrestricted access to the console or VTY ports.
A.允许unrestricted 访问到console或VTY口
B. Use a firewall to restrict access from the outside to the network devices.
B.用防火墙去限制外网的网络设备访问
C. Always use Telnet to access the device command line because its data is automatically encrypted.
C.因为数据被自动加密，所以总是允许使用TELNET命令访问网络设备的命令行，
D. Use SSH or another encrypted and authenticated transport to access device configurations.
D.使用SSH或其他加密、认证机制去访问设备的配置
E. Prevent the loss of passwords by disabling password encryption.
E.为了避免丢失密码，所以不对密码进行加密(明文)
Answer: BD
12. Refer to the exhibit. The access list has been configured on the S0/0 interface of router RTB in the outbound direction. Which two packets, if routed to the interface, will be denied? (Choose two.)
12.根据下图，该access list被配置在路由器RTB的S0/0接口上的OUT方向，哪两个数据包会被DENY，如果被路由到该接口上的话?
access-list 101 deny tcp 192.168.15.32 0.0.0.15 any eq telnet
access-list 101 permit ip any any
A. source ip address: 192.168.15.5; destination port: 21
B. source ip address:, 192.168.15.37 destination port: 21
C. source ip address:, 192.168.15.41 destination port: 21
D. source ip address:, 192.168.15.36 destination port: 23
E. source ip address: 192.168.15.46; destination port: 23
F. source ip address:, 192.168.15.49 destination port: 23
Answer: DE
13. What are two security appliances that can be installed in a network? (Choose two.)
13.以下哪两个安全工具能被安装在一个网络里
A. ATM
B. IDS
C. IOS
D. IOX
E. IPS
F. SDM
Answer: BE
14. Refer to the exhibit. Switch1 has just been restarted and has passed the POST routine. Host
A sends its initial frame to Host C. What is the first thing the switch will do as regards populating the switching table?
14.根据下图， Switch1刚刚完成重启，并完成上电自检。 Host A发送它的第一个侦到Host C ，交换机首先会对switching table做什么操作
A. Switch1 will add 192.168.23.4 to the switching table.
A. Switch1 会添加192.168.23.4 到switching table.
B. Switch1 will add 192.168.23.12 to the switching table.
B.Switch1 添加192.168.23.12到switching table.
C. Switch1 will add 000A.8A47.E612 to the switching table.
C. Switch1添加 000A.8A47.E612到 switching table.
D. Switch1 will add 000B.DB95.2EE9 to the switching table.
D.Switch1 添加000B.DB95.2EE9 到 switching table.
Answer: C
15. The user of Host1 wants to ping the DSL modem/router at 192.168.1.254. Based on the Host1 ARP table that is shown in the exhibit, what will Host1 do?
15.Host1的用户想PING DSL调制解调器/路由器的 192.168.1.254，ARP表如下图，Host1会怎么操作?
A. send a unicast ARP packet to the DSL modem/router
A.发送一个单播ARP包到DSL调制解调器/路由器
B. send unicast ICMP packets to the DSL modem/router
B.发送一个单播ICMP包到DSL调制解调器/路由器
C. send Layer 3 broadcast packets to which the DSL modem/router responds
C.发送三层广播包到响应的DSL调制解调器/路由器
D. send a Layer 2 broadcast that is received by Host2, the switch, and the DSL modem/router
D.发送一个可以被Host2, the switch, and the DSL modem/router 受到的2层广播帧
Answer: B
16. Refer to the exhibit. What is the most efficient summarization that R1 can use to advertise its networks to R2?
16.根据下图，R1能通告给R2的最有效的汇总是?
【计算机专业文献翻译】计算机网络
附录1英文及其译文 Computer Networks Network Goals Some reasons are causing centralized computer systems to give way to networks. The first one is that many organizations already have a substantial number of computers in operation, often located far apart .Initially, each of these computers may have worked in isolation from the other ones, but at a certain time, and management may have decided to connect them to be able to correlate information about the entire organization. Generally speaking, the goal is to make all programs, data, and other resources available to anyone on the network without regard to the physical location of the resource and the user. The second one is to provider high reliability by having alternative sources of supply. With a network, the temporary loss of a single computer is much less serious, because its users can often be accommodated elsewhere until the service is restored. Another important reason for distributing computing power has to do with the relative price of computing versus communication. Now the cost of a small computer is negligible, so it becomes attractive to analyze the data at where it is captured, and only to send occasional summaries back to the computer center, to reduce the communication cost, which now represents a larger percentage of the total cost than it used to. Yet another reason of setting up a computer network is that a computer network can provider a powerful communication medium among widely separated people. Application of Networks One of the main areas of potential network use is access to remote data bases. It may someday be easy for people sitting at their terminals
室内设计空间-中英文对照1
室内设计空间-中英文对照 General: 一般 Plan - 平面图 Elevation -立面图 Section - 剖面图 Detail Drawing- 大样图 Ceiling Plan - 天花图 Plan: 平面 lighting layout Plan - 灯光设计图 Electrical Layout Plan - 电图 (一般指带有电制-socket 的图) Fire Service Layout Plan - 消防系统 MVAC Layout Plan - 空调系统 Detail Drawing: 详图 Floor Pattern Detail - 地板图 Stone Pattern Detail - 石图 Schedule: ( 附助图表 ) Lighting Schedule - 灯具表 1\ Florescent Light 2\ Spot Light (directional /non-directional) 3\ Light trough Socket Schedule - 电气表 Window and Door Schedule - 门窗表 Hardware Schedule - 五金器具表 Sanitary fixture Schedule - 洁具(卫生设备)表 家居篇: Living Room - 客厅 Dining Room - 饭厅 foyer - 玄关 Kitchen – Bath - 厕所、浴室 Study - 书房 Store - 贮物室 Master Bed Room - 主人房 Guest Bed Room - 客房 Suite - 套房 Balcony - 露台
计算机专业英语课后单词翻译
P21.KEY TERMS application software 应用软件basic application 基本应用软件communication device通信设备compact disc (CD) 光盘computer competency计算机能力connectivity连通性 data数据 database file数据库文件 desktop computer台式计算机device driver磁盘驱动程序 digital versatile disc（DVD）数字多用途光盘 digital video disc（DVD）数字多用途光盘 document file文档文件 end user终端用户 floppy disk软盘 handheld computer手持计算机hard disk硬盘 hardware硬件 high definition高清 Information信息 information system信息系统information technology信息技术input device输入设备 Internet因特网 keyboard键盘 mainframe computer主机；电脑存储机 memory内存 microcomputer微型机microprocessor微处理器midrange computer中型机minicomputer小型计算机modem调制解调器 monitor监视器 mouse鼠标 network网络 notebook computer笔记本电脑operating system操作系统optical disk光盘 output device输出设备 palm computer掌上电脑 people用户 personal digital assistant（PDA）个人数字助理 presentation file演示文稿primary storage主存 printer打印机 procedure规程 program程序 random access memory随机存储器 secondary storage device辅存software软件 specialized application专门应用软件 supercomputer巨型机 system software系统软件system unit系统单元 tablet PC平板电脑 utility实用程序 wireless revolution无线革命worksheet file工作表
CCNA试题
CCNA强化 一、单项选择题： 1、介质100BaseT的最大传输距离是：(b ) A: 10m B:100m C:1000m D:500m 2、路由器下，由一般用户模式进入特权用户模式的命令是：（c ）A：enable B:config C: interface D:router 3、哪个命令可以成功测试网络：( b ) A： Router> ping 192.5.5.0 B： Router# ping 192.5.5.30 C： Router> ping 192.5.5.256 D： Router# ping 192.5.5.255 4、介质工作在OSI的哪一层（ a ） A：物理层 B：数据链路层 C：网络层 D：传输层 5、100baseT的速率是( c )Mbit/s A: 1 B:10 C:100 D:1000 6、在启用EIGRP协议时，所需要的参数是：( c ) A:网络掩码 B:子网号 C:自治系统号 D:跳数 7、基本IP访问权限表的表号范围是：(b ) A: 1—100 B:1-99 C:100-199 D:800-899 8、查看路由表的命令是：( c ) A:show interface B:show run C:show ip route D:show table 9、工作在OSI第三层的设备是：( b )
A:网卡 B:路由器 C: 交换机 D:集线器 10、OSI第二层数据封装完成后的名称是：( c ) A:比特 B: 包 C:帧 D:段 11、为了禁止网络210.93.105.0 ftp到网络223.8.151.0，允许其他信息传输，则能实现该功能的选项是：( d ) A：access-list 1 deny 210.93.105.0.0.0.0.0.0 B： access-list 100 deny tcp 210.93.105.0 0.0.0.255 223.8.151.0 0.0.0.255 eq ftp C：access-list 100 permit ip any any D：access-list 100 deny tcp 210.93.105.0 0.0.0.255 223.8.151.0 0.0.0.255 eq ftp access-list 100 permit ip any any 12、路由器下“特权用户模式”的标识符是：( c ) A: > B:! C:# D: (config-if)# 13、把指定端口添加到VLAN的命令是：( d ) A: vlan B: vlan-membership C: vtp D:switchport 14、交换机工作在OSI七层模型的哪一层(b ) A:物理层 B:数据链路层 C:网络层 D:传输层 15、在OSI七层模型中，介质工作在哪一层( c ) A:传输层 B:会话层 C:物理层 D:应用层 16、交换机转发数据到目的地依靠( b )
计算机网络专业词汇中英对照
《计算机网络》中英文对照 Chapter 1 End system P28 端系统 Modem P29 调制解调器（俗称：猫） Base station P29 基站 Communication link P30 通信链路 Physical media P30 物理介质 Coaxial cable P30 同轴电缆 Fiber optics P30 光纤 Radio spectrum P30 射频频谱 Transmission rate P30 传输速率 Packets P30 （数据）包，或分组 Routers P30 路由器 Link-layer switches P30 链路层交换机 Path P30 路径 ISP (Internet Service Provider) P30 网络服务提供商 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) P31 传输控制协议 IP ( Internet Protocol) P31 网际协议 Intranets P31 内网 API (Application Programming Interface) P32 应用程序编程接口Network edge P35 网络边缘 Access Networks P38 接入网 Ethernet P42 以太网 Network core P48 网络核心 Circuit Switching P50 电路转换 Packet Switching 分组交换 FDM (frequency-division multiplexing) P50 频分多路复用 TDM (time-division multiplexing) P50 时分多路复用 Statistical Multiplexing 统计复用 Store-and-forward 存储转发 Queuing delays P53 排队延迟 Transmission delay P60 传输延迟，或发送延迟 Propagation delay P60 传播延迟 Throughput P59 吞吐量 Internet backbone P57 骨干网 Delay P59 延迟，或时延 Loss P59 丢包 Packet-Switched Network P59 分组交换网络 Nodal processing delay P60 节点处理延迟 End-to-end delay P66 端到端延迟 Instantaneous throughput P68 瞬时吞吐量
室内设计中英文对照
常用室内设计词汇-中英文对照 室内设计-interior design 室内设计师- interior designer 建筑-architecture 建筑师-architect 景观-landscape 家具-furniture 灯光-lighting 照明-illumination 家居设计-residential design 商业设计-commercial design 软装-FF&E（furniture fixture and equipment) 人体工程学-ergonomics 空间-space 精品酒店-boutique hotel 草图-draft or sketch 规格-specification 汇报或讲解-presentation 渲染或着色-rendering 透视-perspective 规范-code 对称-symmetry 不对称-asymmetry 轴线-axis 空间篇 住宅类 客厅，起居室—living room 餐厅-dinning room 玄关-foyer 卧室-bedroom 主卧-master bedroom 次卧-second bedroom 客卧-guest bedroom 厨房-Kitchen 厨岛kitchen island 书房-study room 衣帽间-cloakroom 卫生间-bathroom , toilet , bath 储藏室-storage 楼梯-stair 阳台-balcony 花园-garden 露台-patio 商业类 1办公类 接待处- reception 候客区-waiting Area or lounge 会议室（小型的）-meeting room or seminar 会议室（大型的）-conference room 办公室- office 经理办公室manager office 开放式的工作区-work area 多功能室-multi-function room 2酒店类 入口-entrance 出口-exit 大堂-lobby 前厅-vestibule 过道-corridor 休闲区,等候区-lounge 宴会厅-ballroom 客房-guestroom 套间-suite 行政套房-executive suite 总统套房-presidential suite 健身中心—fitness center or gym 瑜伽-yoga 泳池-swimming pool Spa 咖啡厅-cafe 酒吧-bar 餐厅-restaurant 备餐-pantry 电梯-elevation or lift 卫生间-restroom 男-men's 女women's 影院-cinema 商务中心-business center 行李间-luggage store 盥洗室-lavatory 3其他类 天花-ceiling 长廊-pavilion 零售店-retail store 大厅(堂）-hall 展览-gallery
计算机专业英语翻译参考
1.(P1) Computer science deals with the theoretical foundations of information and computation, together with practical techniques for the implementation and application of these foundations, such as programming language theory, computational complexity theory, computer graphics and human-computer interaction. 计算机科学涉及信息和计算的理论基础，以及这些基础的实施和应用的实际技术，如编程语言理论，计算复杂性理论，计算机图形学和人机交互。 2.(P17) The most important piece of graphics hardware is the graphics card, which is the piece of equipment that renders out all images and sends them to a display. There are two types of graphics cards: integrated and dedicated. An integrated graphics card, usually by Intel for use in their computers, is bound to the motherboard and shares RAM (Random Access Memory) with the CPU, reducing the total amount of RAM available. This is undesirable for running programs and applications that use a large amount of video memory. A dedicated graphics card has its own RAM and Processor for generating its images, and does not slow down the computer. Dedicated graphics cards also have higher performance than integrated graphics cards. It is possible to have both dedicated and integrated graphics card, however once a dedicated graphics card is installed, the integrated card will no longer function until the dedicated card is removed. 最重要的一块图形硬件是显卡，是一件呈现出所有的图像，并将它们发送到一个显示器的设备。有两种类型的显卡：集成和专用。集成的显卡，通常由英特尔在他们的计算机上使用，被绑定到主板并且与中央处理器共享内存（随机存取存储器），减少了可用的内存总量。这对于使用大量视频内存的程序和应用来说是不可取的。 专用显卡有它自己的内存和处理器，用于生成它的图像，并且不会减慢计算机的速度。专用显卡也比集成显卡有更高的性能。有可能既有专门的也有集成的显卡，但是，一旦安装了专用显卡，集成显卡将不再起作用，直到专用显卡被移除。 3.(P18) Channel I/O requires the use of instructions that are specifically designed to perform（执行）I/O operations. The I/O instructions address（处理）the channel or the channel and device; the channel asynchronously（异步的）accesses all other required addressing and control information. This is similar to DMA, but more flexible. I/O通道需要使用专门设计来执行I/O操作的指令。I/O指令处理通道或通道和设备；通道异步访问所有其他所需的寻址和控制信息。这是类似于DMA，但更灵活。 4.(P19) 调制解调器是在模拟和数字信号之间进行转换的设备，它经常用于实现计算机之间通过电话线的互相通 信。如果两个调制解调器可同时互相发送数据，那么它们采用的就是全双工工作方式；如果一次只有一个调制解调器可以发送数据，那么它们采用的则是半双工工作方式。 Modem is a device that converts analog（模拟）signals to digital signals or conversely（相反地）. It is often used to communicate between computers via（渠道）telephone lines. If the two modems can send data to each other, they use full-duplex mode; if only one modem can transmit data, they use half-duplex mode. 5.(P21) We many have defined our last generation of computer and begun the era of generationless computers. Even though computer manufacturers talk of “fifth” and “sixth” generation computers, this talk is more a marketing play than a reflection of reality. 我们已经定义了我们的上一代计算机，并且开始了计算机的无代时代。即使计算机制造商谈论的“第五”和“第六” 代电脑，这个说法比起现实的反映更像是一个营销游戏。 6.(P21) Although microprocessors are still technically considered to be hardware, portions of their function are also associated with computer software. Since microprocessors have both hardware and software aspects they are therefore often referred to as firmware. 虽然微处理器仍然在技术上被认为是硬件，它们的部分功能也与计算机软件有联系。因为微处理器有硬件和软件两个方面，因此，他们往往被称为固件。 7.(P22) Electronic hardware consists of interconnected（互联的）electronic components（元件/组件）which perform analog or logic operations on received and locally stored information to produce as output or store resulting new information or to provide control for output actuator mechanisms（机制）. Electronic hardware can range from individual chips/circuits to distributed information processing systems. Well-designed electronic hardware is composed of functional modules which inter-communicate via precisely
CCNA测试题
CCNA测试题 1、Which of the following host addresses are members of networks that can be routed across the public Internet?(Choose three.) A. 10.172.13.65 B. 172.16.223.125 C. 172.64.12.29 D. 192.168.23.252 E. 198.234.12.95 F. 212.193.48.254 2、What is a global command? A. a command that is available in every release of IOS, regardless of the version or deployment status B. a command that can be entered in any configuration mode C. a command that is universal in application and supports all protocols D. a command that is implemented in all foreign and domestic IOS versions E. a command that is set once and affects the entire router 3、All WAN links inside the ABC University network use PPP with CHAP for authentication security. Which command will display the CHAP authentication process as it occurs between two routers in the network? A. show CHAP authentication B. show interface serial0 C. debug PPP authentication D. debug CHAP authentication E. show ppp authentication chap 4、The RIP network shown in the graphic has been fully operational for two days. Each routing table is complete.Which networks will be included in the next routing update from the Apples router to the Pears router? A. A,B,C,D,E,F B. A,C C. A,B,C D. B,D E. D,E,F
计算机网络中英文互译
AN (Access Network) 接入网 ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)：非对称数字用户线 ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)：非对称数字用户线 ATU (Access Termination Unit) 接入端接单元 ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) 地址解析协议 ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest) 自动重传请求 BER (Bit Error Rate) 误码率 CBT (Core Based Tree) 基于核心的转发树 CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) 无分类域间路由选择 DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) 数字用户线 DMT (Discrete Multi-Tone) 离散多音调 DSLAM (DSL Access Multiplexer) 数字用户线接入复用器 DVMRP (Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol) 距离向量多播路由选择协议EGP (External Gateway Protocol外部网关协议 FTTH (Fiber To The Home) 光纤到家 FTTB (Fiber To The Building) 光纤到大楼 FTTC (Fiber To The Curb) 光纤到路边 FCS (Frame Check Sequence) 帧检验序列 HDSL (High speed DSL)：高速数字用户线 IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol内部网关协议 ICMP(Internet Control Message Protocol) 网际控制报文协议 ISP (Internet Service Provider) 因特网服务提供者 ICMP(Internet Control Message Protocol) 网际控制报文协议 IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) 网际组管理协议 LCP (Link Control Protocol) 链路控制协议 LLC (Logical Link Control) 子层逻辑链路控制 LAN (Local Area Network) 局域网 MAC (Medium Access Control) 媒体接入控制 MOSPF (Multicast Extensions to OSPF) 开放最短通路优先的多播扩展 MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) 城域网 NCP (Network Control Protocol) 网络控制协议 NAT (Network Address Translation) 网络地址转换 NIC (Network Interface Card) 网络接口卡 OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) 光内部网关协议 ODN (Optical Distribution Node) 分配结点 PAN (Personal Area Network) 个人区域网 PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) 点对点协议对等方式（P2P 方式） PIM-SM (Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode) 协议无关多播-稀疏方式PIM-DM (Protocol Independent Multicast-Dense Mode) 协议无关多播-密集方式RTO (RetransmissionTime-Out) 超时重传时间 RPB (Reverse Path Broadcasting) 反向路径广播
室内设计 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 自然 简约—对室内设计现象分析
室内设计外文翻译外文文献英文文献自然简约—对 室内设计现象分析 附件2:外文原文 Natural simplicity - on interior design Analysis Abstract: The natural, simple interior design show is a way of life, it allows us closer to nature, more emphasis on functionality, more concerned about life itself. create a poetic space. Keywords: minimalism; space; grade; interior design; feeling Ancient times, Chinese wooden framework architecture of ancient India, the Orient, Europe, building caves in ancient Greece, ancient Rome and so on decorative stone building closely integrated with the components, with the main building, however. dissolved into Europe in the early seventeenth century Baroque times and the mid-eighteenth century the Rococo era, began with the interior decoration of the main building separated from the main building external and internal fitting-out period in the use of the mismatch, thus leading to the main building and interior decoration of the separation, in the construction of the French court architecture and aristocratic mansion, the new occupation "decorative artisan" was born, the building's internal frequency continuous modification, fixed the main building, the replacement building, "clothing" the time has come. Baroque-style architecture of
计算机专业英语2008影印版选择题的翻译加答案
CHAPTER 1 1、A common term that describes the combination of traditional computer and communication technologies is b. information technology 一个描述了传统的计算机和通信技术结合的常见的术语 B.信息技术 2、Procedures are typically documented in manuals written by b. computer specialists 程序一般是___在手册撰写记录的 B.计算机专家 3、Which of the following is an example of connectivity? a. Internet 下列哪一项是连接的一个例子吗？ A.互联网 4、Windows XP, windows Vista, and Macintosh OS X are all examples of b. operating systems Windows XP，Windows Vista，和Macintosh OS X都是__的例子 B.操作系统 5、Because of their size and cost, these computers are relatively rare. d. supercomputers 由于它们的尺寸和成本，这些电脑是比较少见的。 D.超级计算机 6、The system component that controls and manipulates data in order to produce information is called the d. microprocessor 系统组成，控制和操纵数据来产生信息称为 D.微处理器 7、A system component that translates data and programs that humans can understand into a form that the computer can process is called a(n) c. output device 一个系统组件，将人类可以理解成计算机能够处理的形式的数据和程序被称为 C.输出设备 8、A CD is an example of a(n) c. optical disc CD是___的简称 C.光盘 9、If you want to communicate a message or persuade other people, you would typically use this type of software. d. presentation 如果你想传达信息或说服别人，你通常会使用这种类型的软件。 D.演示 10、Many experts are predicting that this revolution is expected to dramatically affect the way we communicate and use computer technology. d. wireless
CCNA Study Notes1(1)-思科认证试题
CCNA Study Notes1(1)-思科认证试题 1. Identify and describe the functions of each of the seven layers of the OSI reference model. Physical Layer The physical layer defines the electrical, mechanical, procedural, and functional specifications for activating, maintaining, and deactivating the physical link between communicating network systems. Physical layer specifications define such characteristics as voltage levels, timing of voltage changes, physical data rates, maximum transmission distances, and the physical connectors to be used. Data Link Layer The data link layer provides reliable transit of data across a physical network link. Different data link layer specifications define different network and protocol characteristics, including the following: Physical addressing --Physical addressing (as opposed to network addressing) defines how devices are addressed at the data link layer. Network topology -- Data link layer specifications often define how devices are to be physically connected (such as in a bus or a ring topology). Error notification -- Error notification involves alerting upper layer protocols that a transmission error has occurred. Sequencing of frames --Sequencing of data frames involves the reordering of frames that are transmitted out of sequence. Flow control -- Flow control involves moderating the transmission of data so that the receiving device is not overwhelmed with more traffic than it can handle at one time. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) has subdivided the data link layer into two sublayers: Logical Link Control (LLC) and Media Access Control (MAC).
(完整版)计算机网络课后作业以及答案(中英文对照)
Chapter1 1-11.What are two reasons for using layered protocols? (请说出使用分层协议的两个理由) 答：通过协议分层可以把设计问题划分成较小的易于处理的片段。分层意味着某一层的协议的改变不会影响高层或低层的协议。 1-13. What is the principal difference between connectionless communication and connection-oriented communication? (在无连接通信和面向连接的通信两者之间，最主要的区别是什么？) 答：主要的区别有两条。 其一：面向连接通信分为三个阶段，第一是建立连接，在此阶段，发出一个建立连接的请求。只有在连接成功建立之后，才能开始数据传输，这是第二阶段。接着，当数据传输完毕，必须释放连接。而无连接通信没有这么多阶段，它直接进行数据传输。 其二：面向连接的通信具有数据的保序性，而无连接的通信不能保证接收数据的顺序与发送数据的顺序一致。 1-20. A system has an n-layer protocol hierarchy. Applications generate messages of length M bytes. At each of the layers, an h-byte header is added. What fraction of the network bandwidth is filled with headers? (一个系统有n层协议的层次结构。应用程序产生的消息的长度为M字节。在每一层上需要加上一个h字节的头。请问，这些头需要占用多少比例的网络带宽) 答：hn/(hn+m)*100% 1-28. An image is 1024 x 768 pixels with 3 bytes/pixel. Assume the image is uncompressed. How long does it take to transmit it over a 56-kbps modem channel? Over a 1-Mbps cable modem? Over a 10-Mbps Ethernet? Over 100-Mbps Ethernet? (一幅图像的分辨率为1024 x 768像素，每个像素用3字节来表示。假设该图像没有被压缩。请问，通过56kbps的调制解调器信道来传输这幅图像需要多长时间？通过1Mbps的电缆调制解调器呢？通过10Mbps的以太网呢？通过100Mbps的以太网呢?) 答：The image is 1024*768*3 bytes or 2359296 bytes.This is 18874368 bit. At 56,000 bits/sec, it takes about 337.042 sec. At 1,000,000 bits/sec, it takes about 18.874 sec. At 10,000,000 bits/sec, it takes about 1.887 sec. At 100,000,000 bits/sec, it takes about 0.189 sec. Chapter2 2-2. A noiseless 4-kHz channel is sampled every 1 msec. What is the maximum data rate? (一条无噪声4kHz信道按照每1ms一次进行采样，请问最大数据传输率是多少？)