自动化 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 PLC技术的讨论和未来的发展

自动化外文翻译外文文献英文文献 PLC技术的讨论和

未来的发展

作者 T.J.byers

出处:Electronic Test Equipment-principles and Applications.Princeton University.America.

PLC技术的讨论和未来的发展

PLC technique discussion and future development

Along with the development of the ages, the technique that is nowadays is also gradually perfect, the competition plays more more strong; the operation that list depends the artificial has already can't satisfied with the current manufacturing industry foreground, also can't guarantee the request of the higher quantity and high new the image of the technique business enterprise.

The people see in produce practice, automate brought the tremendous convenience and the product quantities for people up of assurance, also eased the personnel's labor strength, reduce the establishment on the personnel. The target control of the hard realization in many complicated production lines, whole and excellent turn, the best decision etc., well-trained operation work, technical personnel or expert, governor but can judge and operate easily, can acquire the satisfied result. The research target of the artificial intelligence makes use of the calculator exactly to carry out, imitate these intelligences behavior, moderating the work through person's brain and

calculators, with the mode that person's machine combine, for resolve the very complicated problem to look for the best path

We come in sight of the control that links after the electric appliances in various situation, that is already the that time generation past, now of after use in the mold a perhaps simple equipments of grass-roots control that the electric appliances can do

for the low level only;And the PLC emergence also became the epoch-making topic, adding the vivid software control through a very and stable hardware, making the automation head for the new high tide.

The PLC biggest characteristics lie in: The electrical engineering teacher already no longer electric hardware up too many calculationses of cost, as long as order the importation that the button switch or the importation of the sensors order to link the PLC up can solve problem, pass to output to order the conjunction contact machine or control the start equipments of the big power after the electric appliances, but the exportation equipments direct conjunction of the small power can.

PLC internal containment have the CPU of the CPU, and take to have

an I/ O for expand of exterior to connect a people's address and saving machine three big pieces to constitute, CPU core is from an or many is tired to add the machine to constitute, mathematics that they have the logic

operation ability, and can read the procedure save the contents of the machine to drive the homologous saving machine and I/ Os to connect after pass the calculation; The I/ O add inner part is tired the input

and output system of the machine and exterior link, and deposit the related data into the procedure saving machine or data saving machine; The saving machine can deposit the data that the I/ O input in the saving machine, and in work adjusting to become tired to add the machine and I/ Os to connect, saving machine separately saving machine RAM of the procedure saving machine ROM and datas, the ROM can can do deposit of the data permanence in the saving machine, but RAM only for the CPU computes the temporary calculation usage of hour of buffer space.

The PLC anti- interference is very and excellent, our root need not concern its service life and the work situation bad, these all problems have already no longer become the topic that we fail, but stay to our is a concern to come to internal resources of make use of the PLC to strengthen the control ability of the equipments for us, make our equipments more gentle.

PLC language is not we imagine of edit collected materials the language or language of Cs to carry on weaving the distance, but the trapezoid diagram that the adoption is original after the electric appliances to control, make the electrical engineering teacher while weaving to write the procedure very easy comprehended the PLC language, and a lot of non- electricity professional also very quickly know and go deep into to the PLC.

Is PLC one of the advantage above and only, this is also one part that the people comprehend more and easily, in a lot of equipmentses, the people have already no longer hoped to see too many control buttons,

they damage not only and easily and produce the artificial error easiest, small is not a main error perhaps you can still accept; But lead even is a fatal error greatly is what we can't is tolerant of. New technique always for bringing more safe and convenient operation for us, make we a lot of problems for face on sweep but light, do you understand the HMI? Says the HMI here you basically not clear what it is, also have no interest understanding, change one inside text explains it into the

touch to hold or man-machine interface you knew, it combines with the PLC to our larger space.

HMI the control not only only is reduced the control press button, increase the vivid of the control, more main of it is can sequence of, and at can the change data input to output the feedback with data,

control in the temperature curve of imitate but also can keep the manifestation of view to come out. And can write the function help procedure through a plait to provide the help of various what lies in

one's power, the one who make operate reduces the otiose error.

Currently the HMI factory is also more and more, the function is also more and more strong, the price is also more and more low, the noodles

of the usage are wide more and more. The HMI foreground can say that think to be good very.

At a lot of situations, the list is is a smooth movement that can't guarantee the equipments by the control of the single machine, but pass the information exchanges of the equipments and equipments to attain the result that we want. For example fore pack and the examination of the

empress work preface, we will arrive wrapping information feedback to examine the place, and examine the information of the place to also want the feedback to packing. Pass the information share thus to make both

the chain connect, becoming a total body, the match of your that thus make is more close, at each other attain to reflect the result that mutually flick.

The PLC correspondence has already come more more body now its value, at the PLC and correspondence between PLCs, can pass the communication

of the information and the share of the datas to guarantee that of the equipments moderates mutually, the result that arrive already to repair with each other. Data conversion the adoption RS232 between PLC connect to come to the transmission data, but the RS232 pick up a people and can guarantee 10 meters only of deliver the distance, if in the distance of 1000 meters we can pass the RS485 to carry on the correspondence, the longer distance can pass the MODEL only to carry on deliver.

The PLC data transmission is just to be called a form to it in a

piece of and continuous address that the data of the inner part delivers the other party, we, the PLC of the other party passes to read data in the watch to carry on the operation. If the data that data in the watch is a to establish generally, that is just the general data transmission, for example today of oil price rise, I want to deliver the price of the oil price to lose the oil ally on board, that is the share of the data; But take data in the watch for an instruction procedure that controls

the PLC, that had the difficulty very much, for example you have to

control one pedestal robot to press the action work that you imagine, you will draw up for it the form that a procedure combine with the data sends out to pass by.

The form that information transport contain single work, the half a work and the difference of a workses .The meaning of the single work also is to say both, a can send out only, but a can receive only, for example a spy he can receive the designation of the superior only, but can't give the superior reply; A work of half is also 2 and can can send out similar to accept the data, but can't send out and accept at the same time, for example when you make a phone call is to can't answer the phone, the other party also; But whole pair works is both can send out and accept the data, and can send out and accept at the same time. Be like the Internet is a typical example.

The process that information transport also has synchronous and different step cent: The data line and the clock lines are synchronous when synchronous meaning lie in sending out the data, is also the data signal and the clock signals to be carry on by the CPU to send out at the same time,

this needs to all want the specialized clock signal each other to carry on the transmission and connect to send, and is constrained, the characteristics of this kind of method lies in its speed very quick, but correspond work time of take up the CPU and also want to be long oppositely, at the same time the technique difficulty also very big. Its request lies in can'ting have an error margins in a datas deliver,

otherwise the whole piece according to compare the occurrence mistake, this on the hardware is a bigger difficulty. Applied more and more extensive in some appropriative equipmentses, be like the appropriative medical treatment equipments, the numerical signal equipments...etc., in compare the one data deliver, its result is very good.

And the different step is an application the most extensive, this receive benefit in it of technique difficulty is opposite and want to be small, at the same time not need to prepare the specialized clock signal, its characteristics to lie in, its data is partition, the long-lost send out and accept, be the CPU is too busy of time can grind to a stop sex

to work, also reduced the difficulty on the hardware, the data throw to lose at the same time opposite want to be little, we can pass the examination of the data to observe whether the data that we send out has the mistake or not, be like strange accidentally the method, tired addition and eight efficacies method etc., can use to helps whether the data that we examine to send out have or not the mistake occurrence,

pass the feedback to carry on the discriminator.

A line of transmission of the information contain a string of and combine the cent of: The usual PLC is 8 machines, certainly also having 16 machines. We can be an at the time of sending out the data a send out to the other party, also can be 88 send out the data to the other party, an and 8 differentiationses are also the as that we say to send out the data and combine sends out the data. A speed is more and slowly, but as long as 2 or three lines can solve problem, and can use the telephone

line to carry on the long range control. But combine the oscular transmission speed is very quick of, it is a string of oscular of 25600%, occupy the advantage in the short distance, the in view of the fact TTL electricity is even, being limited by the scope of one meter generally, it combine unwell used for the data transmission of the long pull, thus the cost is too expensive.

Under a lot of circumstances we are total to like to adopt the

string to combine the conversion chip to carry on deliver, under this kind of circumstance not need us to carry on to depositted the machine

to establish too and complicatedly, but carry on the data exchanges through the data transmission instruction directly, but is not a very viable way in the correspondence, because the PLC of the other party must has been wait for your data exportation at the time of sending out the data, it can't do other works.

When you are reading the book, you hear someone knock on door, you stop to start up of affair, open the door and combine to continue with the one who knock on door a dialogue, the

telephone of this time rang, you signal hint to connect a telephone, after connecting the telephone through, return overdo come together knock on door to have a conversation, after dialogue complete, you continue again to see your book, this kind of circumstance we are called the interruption to it, it has the authority, also having sex of have

the initiative, the PLC had such function .Its characteristics lie in us and may meet the urgently abrupt affairs in the operation process of the

equipments, we want to stop to start immediately up of work, the whereabouts manages the more important affair, this kind of circumstance is we usually meet of, PLC while carry out urgent mission, total will keep the current appearance first, for example the address of the procedure, CPU of tired add the machine data etc., be like to to stick down which the book that we see is when we open the door the page or simply make a mark, because we treat and would still need to continue immediately after book of see the behind. The CPU always does the affair that should do according to our will, but your mistake of give it an affair, it also would be same to do, this we must notice.

The interruption is not only a, sometimes existing jointly with the hour several inside break, break off to have the preferred Class, they will carry out the interruption of the higher Class according to

person's request. This kind of breaks off the medium interruption to also became to break off the set. The Class that certainly break off is relevant according to various resources of CPU with internal PLC, also following a heap of capacity size of also relevant fasten.

The contents that break off has a lot of kinds, for example the exterior break off, correspondence in of send out and accept the interruption and settle and the clock that count break off, still have the WDT to reset the interruption etc., they enriched the CPU to respond to the category while handle various business. Speak thus perhaps you can't comprehend the internal structure and operation orders of the interruption completely also, we do a very small example to explain.

Each equipments always will not forget a button, it also is at we meet the urgent circumstance use of, that is nasty to stop the button. When we meet the Human body trouble and surprised circumstances we as long as press it, the machine stops all operations immediately, and wait for processing the over surprised empress recover the operation

again.Nasty stop the internal I/ O of the internal CPU of the button conjunction PLC to connect up, be to press button an exterior to trigger signal for CPU, the CPU carries on to the I/ O to examine again, being to confirm to have the exterior to trigger the signal, CPU protection the spot breaks off procedure counts the machine turn the homologous exterior I/ O automatically in the procedure to go to also, be exterior interruption procedure processing complete, the procedure counts the machine to return the main procedure to continue to work.Have 1:00 can what to explain is we generally would nasty stop the

button of exterior break off to rise to the tallest Class, thus guarantee the safety.

When we are work a work piece, giving the PLC a signal, counting PLC inner part the machine add 1 to compute us for a day of workload, a count the machine and can solve problem in brief, certainly they also can keep the data under the condition of dropping the electricity, urging the data not to throw to lose, this is also what we hope earnestly.

The PLC still has the function that the high class counts the machine, being us while accept some datas of high speed, the high speed

that here say is the data of the in all aspects tiny second class, for example the bar code scanner is scanning the data continuously, calculating high-speed signal of the data processor DSP etc., we will adopt the high class to count the machine to help we carry on count. It at the PLC carries out the procedure once discover that the high class counts the machine to should of interruption, will let go of the work on the hand immediately. The trapezoid diagram procedure that passes by to weave the distance again explains the high class for us to carry out procedure to count machine would automatic performance to should of work, thus rise the Class that the high class counts the machine to high one Class.

You heard too many this phrases perhaps:" crash", the meaning that

is mostly is a workload of CPU to lead greatly, the internal resources shortage etc. the circumstance can't result in procedure circulate. The PLC also has the similar circumstance, there is a watchdog WDT in the inner part of PLC, we can establish time that a procedure of WDT circulate, being to appear the procedure to jump to turn the mistake in the procedure movement process or the procedure is busy, movement time

of the procedure exceeds WDT constitution time, the CPU turn but the WDT reset the appearance. The procedure restarts the movement, but will not carry on the breakage to the interruption.

The PLC development has already entered for network ages of correspondence from the mode of the one, and together other works

control the net plank and I/ O card planks to carry on the share easily.

A state software can pass all se hardwares link, more animation picture of keep the view to carries on the control, and cans pass the Internet to carry on the control in the foreign land, the blast-off that is like the absolute being boat No.5 is to adopt this kind of way to make

airship go up the sky.

The development of the higher layer needs our continuous effort to obtain.The PLC emergence has already affected a few persons fully, we also obtained more knowledge and precepts from the top one experience of the generation, coming to the continuous development PLC technique, push it toward higher wave tide.

PLC技术的讨论和未来发展

随着时代的发展，时下的技术也日趋完善，竞争更扮演着越来越强;该列表依

赖人工操作早已不能满足当前制造业的前景，也不能保证的技术企业较高的数量和较高的新形象的要求。

人们看到在生产实践中，自动化带来了巨大的便利性和产品数量的人了保证，也缓解了人员的劳动强度，减少设立的人才。硬盘实现很多复杂的生产线，整体出色的转弯目标的控制，最好的决定等，训练有素的操作工作，技术人员或专家，州长，但可以判断，容易操作，能够获得满意的效果。人工智能的研究对象使用了计算器准确地开展，模仿这些智能行为，调节通过人的大脑和计算器的工作，用模式是人的机器相结合，为解决非常复杂的问题，寻找最佳路径.

我们进来的视线电器的各种情况后，链接的控制，这是已经是当时一代过去，现在，在模具使用后基层的也许是简单的设备控制的电器能为做只有低水平;而PLC的出现也成为了划时代的话题，通过一个非常稳定的硬件加上生动的软件控制，使得自动化头为新的高潮。

PLC的最大特征在于:该电气工程师已不再电动硬件上计算太多的成本，只要顺序输入的按键开关或传感器，以连结在PLC起来可以解决问题的输入，通输出责令一起接触机器或控制的电器后，大国开始装备，但出口设备，小功率的直接结合。

PLC内部牵制有CPU的CPU，并采取有一个I / O的扩展外部连接一个人的地

址和保存计算机三大件构成，CPU核心是一个或多个累到机器添加到构成，它们具有逻辑运算能力数学和可以读取的程序保存在计算机中的内容来驱动同源储蓄机和I / O连接后通过计算;在I / O添加内部部分是累的机器和外部链路的输入和输

出系统，并存入相关的数据到程序保存机器或数据保存机;节省机器可以存放在储蓄机的I/ O输入，并在工作调整到累倒添加机器，我的数据/ O的连接，节省了

机器分开保存程序的机器RAM节能机ROM和资料中，该ROM可以可以做到的节能机器中的数据持久性的存款，但只适用于CPU计算时间的缓冲空间的临时计算使用RAM。

PLC的抗干扰非常出色和我们根本不需要关心它的使用寿命和工作环境恶劣，

这些所有的问题已经不再成为我们失败的话题，但留下来我们是一个问题来内部资源对利用PLC来加强我们设备的控制能力，使我们的设备更加柔和。

PLC语言不是我们想象的编辑收集的材料语言或Cs的语言进行编织的距离，但梯形图的收养后，原来的电器进行控制，使电气工程教师编织时写的程序很容易理解的PLC语言，大量的非电力专业也很迅速了解并深入到PLC。

8以上仅仅是PLC的优点之一，这也是其中的一部分，该人理解越来越容易，在很多设备上，人们已经不再希望看到太多的控制按钮，它们破坏不仅和轻松产生人为误差最简单的，小的是不是一个主要的错误也许你仍然可以接受的;但是，即使铅是一种致命的错误大大的是什么，我们无法容忍的。新的技术总是带来更多安全，方便的操作对我们来说，我们做了很多的面子问题上，但扫光，你懂

的HMI,说HMI这里你基本上看不清楚它是什么，也没有兴趣了解，改变一个文本里面解释成触摸持有或你知道的人机界面，它与PLC我们更大的空间组合。

HMI控制不仅仅是减少按下控制按钮，增加了生动的控制，更主要的是可以的序列，并且在可以输入的变化数据，以输出数据的反馈，控制模拟的温度曲线而且还可以保持看表现出来。并可以通过编写功能帮助程序来提供各种帮助是什么样的一个人的力量，是一个谁使操作降低了没有用的错误。目前HMI的工厂也越来越多，功能也越来越强，价格也越来越低，使用的面条宽越来越多。从HMI的前景上看来，它会非常被看好。

在很多情况下，该列表是一个平滑的运动，不能由单个机器的控制保证了设备，但通过设备和设备的信息交换，以实现我们想要的结果。例如前组和后道工序的检验，我们将到达包装的信息反馈到检测处，并检查也要反馈到包装的地方的信息。通过信息共享从而使双方的链连接，成为一个全身，你认为这样做更贴近，对方获得了比赛，以反映其结果是相互一至的。

PLC的通信已经来越多的身体，现在它的价值，在PLC与PLC之间的通信，可以通过信息的交流和资料中的份额，以保证的设备相互温和派，也已经到达修复的结果彼此。数据转换PLC之间通过RS232连接来传输数据，但RS232拿起一个人能保证10米仅提供的距离，如果在1000米的距离，我们可以通过RS485来进行通信，在更长的距离可以通过模型仅仅进行交付。

PLC的数据传输是刚刚被调用给它的形式中的一块连续的地址，该内部部分的数据传送对方，我们，另一方的可编程控制器进到读数据在手表进行的操作。如果在手表的数据是一个普遍建立的数据，也就是例如只是一般的数据传输，今天的油价上涨，我想送油价格价格失去船上油的盟友，也就是数据的份额;不过，要在数据表的控制的PLC，即有难度很大的指令程序，例如，你要控制一个机器人底座按你想象的动作工作，你会得出了它的形式是一个程序结合的数据发送到经过。

13 形式的信息传输包含单一的工作，半个工作和一个工作的区别.单一工作的意思也就是说两者的差，一个只能发送出去，但是一个只能接收，例如一个间谍，他可以接收的唯一的优越的指定，但不能给上级答复;一半的工作也是2，可以发送了类似的接受数据，但不能发送和接受的同时，例如当您拨打一个电话，是不能接电话，对方当事人也;但整个对工件是既可以发送和接受数据，并且可以发送和接受在同一时间。像互联网就是典型的例子。

该过程的信息传输还具有同步和不同步骤分:数据线和时钟线是同步时同步含义在于发送出数据，也将数据信号和时钟信号是进行由CPU发送出的同时，这需要所有要专门的时钟信号相互进行发送，并连接到发送和被限制，这种方法的特点在于它的速度非常快，但对应的工作时间占用CPU和也希望成为长相对，在同一时间的技术难度也很大。其要求在于没能数据传递一个错误的利润率，否则根据比较出现错误的整片，这在硬件上是一个更大的困难。施加更多，在某些专用设备中更加广泛，像专用医疗设备，数字信号设备...等，在比较的一个数据传送，其结果是非常好的。

和不同的步骤是应用最广泛的，这种接收优惠在它的技术难度相对并想要小，同时也不需要准备专门的时钟信号，其特征在于在，它的数据是分割，久违的发送和接受，是CPU太忙的时候可以磨到停止性工作，也降低了对硬件的难度，数据掷输在同一时间相对要少，我们可以通过数据的检查来观察，我们发送出的数据是否有错误或没有，像奇怪偶然的方法中，累加和8功效的方法等，都可以用它来帮助我们是否检查到的数据送出去已经或没有错误发生，通过反馈来进行鉴别。

16 信息传输口线含有的字符串，并结合之分:通常的PLC是8位机，当然

也有16台机器。我们可以在发送数据的时间是一个一个发送给对方，也可以是8位8为的数据发送给对方，一位和8位的区别也是作为我们说来发送出的数据，并结合发出的数据。甲速度比较慢，但只要2或3线可以解决的问题，并且可

以使用电话线路，以进行远程控制。但结合并口传输速度是非常快的，它是串口的25600,，在短距离时占据优势，鉴于这一事实的TTL电力是偶数，正由一米的范围限于一般它结合起来不适用于长期拉的数据传输，因而成本过于昂贵。

在很多情况下我们总喜欢采用串转换芯片相结合来进行传输，在这种情况下并不需要我们进行复杂的寄存器设置，但进行数据通过直接数据传输指令交流，而不是在对应一个非常可行的办法，因为对方必须的PLC已在发送数据的时候一直等待你的数据出口，不能做其他工作。

当你读这本书，你听到有人敲门，你停下来启动外遇，打开门，并结合继续与谁敲门的对话之一，这个时候电话响了，你的信号提示接一个电话，电话通连接后，回过头走到一起敲门进行对话，对话完成后，你再继续看你的书，这种情况下，我们被称为中断，它有权力，也过性生活有主动，PLC已经这样的功能。它的特点在于我们，可满足紧急突发事件，在设备运行过程中，我们要停下来立即开始了工作，下落管理更重要的事情，这种情况是我们平时见面的，PLC同时进行紧急的任务，总量将保持当前的外观首先，例如程序，累CPU的地址添加计算机数据等，来样坚持下来这本书，我们看到的是，当我们打开门的页面或者干脆做一个标记，因为我们对待，并会仍然需要看后面的书后，立即继续。 CPU 始终不应该按照我们会做的事情，但你给它一个外遇的错误，这也将是同样的事情，这一点，我们必须注意。

中断不仅是一个，有时同几个小时内突破现有的联合，折断有优先级，他们将开展按照人的要求更高等级的中断。这种掰介质中断也成了断绝集。根据CPU与PLC内部各种资源必然会破坏掉级是相关的，也是继也是相关系的容量大小的堆。

那折断有很多种，内容例如外部中断，对应的发送和接受中断和解决，而算上断绝时钟，仍然有WDT复位中断等，它们富含在CPU响应所述类别，同时处理各种

业务。这样讲也许你无法理解中断的内部结构和经营秩序也完全，我们做一个非常小的例子来解释。

每个设备永远不会忘记的一个按钮，它也是在我们遇到紧急情况下使用，这是讨厌的停止按钮。当我们满足人体的麻烦和惊讶的情况下，我们只要按下它，机器立即停止所有操作，并等待处理过惊讶后恢复运行again.Nasty停止的内部CPU的内部I/ O钮结合的PLC连接起来，可以按钮的外部触发信号，用于CPU时，CPU 进行到I/ O的再次检查，被确认为具有外部触发信号，CPU保护当场掰程序计数机将自动关闭外部同源I / O的程序去也，是外部中断程序处理完成后，程序计数机返回主程序继续work.Have1:00可以解释什么是我们一般会讨厌停止外部提出分手的按钮上升到最高等级，从而保证安全。

当我们的工作工件，给PLC中的一个信号，计数的PLC内部部分机器加1来计算我们工作量的一天，一算机，并且可以在短暂的解决问题，当然它们也可以保持在数据下降的电力，敦促数据未丢丢失的情况，这也是我们希望认真。

在PLC仍具有高的类计数机，作为我们的同时接受高速的一些资料中的功能中，高速，这里说的是在所有方面的微小第二类的数据，例如条形码扫描器是扫描数据不断，计算数据处理器DSP的等高速信号，我们将采用高级计数机，以帮助我们进行计数。它在PLC执行的程序，一旦发现，高级计数机中断向应，将立即放手工作在手上。在梯形图程序传递由编织的距离再次解释了高档为我们进行程序计数机将自动性能应该工作，从而上升类的高级计数机高一等级。

你听到了太多这样词组或许:“撞车”，即主要是为CPU的工作量，导致很大，内部资源短缺等情况下不会导致程序循环的意思。所述PLC还具有类似的情况下，存在的PLC的内部的看门狗WDT时，我们可以建立时间WDT的一个程序循环，是出现在程序跳转到打开错误的程序运行过程中或该过程忙时，该过程的运动时间超过WDT构成时，则CPU转但WDT复位的外观。该过程重新开始的运动，

但不会进行破损的中断。

PLC的发展已经为通信网络进入的青睐，从一个模式，和其他共同控制工程网板和I / O卡木板进行了份额容易。一个国家的软件可以通过本身的所有硬件环节，坚持进行控制的观点更多的动画图片，罐通过互联网进行控制，在异乡，爆炸客就是喜欢绝对是无船0.5就是采用这种方式，使飞船升空。

更高一层的发展，需要我们不断努力obtain.The PLC的出现已经影响到少数人充分，我们也获得了更多的知识和规则，从产生的最上面的一个经验，来不断发展PLC技术，将其推向着更高的浪潮。