外文翻译--基于单片机控制的电梯控制器

中文2840字

外文翻译

频率合成器设计

系别：电子与电气工程系

年级专业：2012级电子信息工程（专升本）姓名：

学号：

题目名称：

外文翻译

The elevator controller based on Single-chip microcomputer

Abstract:the design is based on single-chip microcomputer to control the use of the appliance, the use

of digital tube to display the position and direction of the floor, using two LEDs to replace the motor, to achieve the motor positive inversion by single-chip microcomputer to control the LED on and off, to check the position of the elevator through the timer delay.

Keywords: Elevator AT89S51 LED motor control floor check

1 Introduction

With the rapid development of the continuous improvement of living standards and the national economy. Each big city buildings in continuously to the high-level development. Therefore lift play a decisive role in our life. The elevator is not only the important equipment for the production process, it is a transportation equipment by the people with frequent. Therefore, the elevator control technology is also in constant improvement and perfection, commonly used control technology mainly has two kinds of Technology: Based on PLC control and based on MCU control technology of two. Use the elevator PLC control, stable and reliable performance, but the cost is too high. The elevator control can greatly reduce the cost and the operation is reliable based on the elevator control, so now most controlled by single chip microcomputer.

2 of the overall design scheme

2 of the overall design scheme

2.1 design ideas

The basic idea of this design is the use of A T89s51 microcontroller as the core, to control the use of its rich interface and peripheral circuit with I/O. Check the position of the timer delay to control the elevator, using 8 bit LED static display to display the elevator location, and use 74ls245 to drive LED display. The determinant keyboard matrix as the external to internal selection circuit, because it is the 6 floor, the choice of 4 * 4 matrix keyboard. When the elevator arrived at the destination when the motor stops, the passengers can enter, after entering the elevator, passengers can choose to which a layer, and then the elevator according to the passengers choose to judge which floor, continue to run. Through the single-chip microcomputer to control the elevator in the rising process only in response to the rising call, drop in the process only response to declining call. The normal operation of the elevator is realized by single-chip

microcomputer control.

2.2 of the overall design diagram

Fig. 1 overall plans

3Analysis of design principles

3.1Design keyboard matrix circuit

Because the circuits required button more in order to save the MCU I/O port, the choice of determinant keyboard matrix. This circuit is used in 4 * 4 keyboard matrix. The circuit shown in Figure 2, the P1.0-P1.7 is connected to the P1 ports of the single-chip, single-chip scanning method used to row and column to distinguish these 16 buttons which key is pressed, and the label read accumulator inside A, and then can be controlled by SCM elevator operation according to each button function. The following will each button function explain:

S1: a building to call button, the button press said a building with elevator upstairs to SCM, and the signal into a fixed unit, wait to judge whether the response to this call the elevator to the floor;

S2: two buildings to the call button, the button press said the two floor elevator upstairs to, and the MCU will this signal into a fixed unit, wait to judge whether the response to this call the elevator to the floor;

S3 : two buildings down the call button, the button press said the two floor elevator ride down to single chip, and the signal into a fixed unit, wait to judge whether the response to this call the elevator to the floor;

S4: on the third floor to the call button, the button press said the third floor has take the elevator upstairs to

SCM, and the signal into a fixed unit, wait to judge whether the response to this call the elevator to the floor;

S5: the third floor down the call button, the button press said the third floor has take the elevator downstairs to SCM, and the signal into a fixed unit, wait to judge whether the response to this call the elevator to the floor;

S6: four floor to the call button, the button is pressed four floor elevator upstairs to, and the MCU will this signal into a fixed unit, wait to judge whether the response to this call the elevator to the floor;

S7 : four buildings down the call button, the button is pressed four floor elevator ride down to single chip, and the signal into a fixed unit, wait to judge whether the response to this call the elevator to the floor;

S8: five floor to the call button, the button press said the four floor elevator upstairs to, and the MCU will this signal into a fixed unit, wait to judge whether the response to this call the elevator to the floor;

S9: five floor down the call button, the button is pressed five floor elevator ride down to single chip, and the signal into a fixed unit, wait to judge whether the response to this call the elevator to the floor;

S10: six floor to the call button, the button is pressed the elevator downstairs said people should, and SCM will this signal into a fixed unit, wait to judge whether the response to this call the elevator to the floor;

S11: Elevator internal selection to a floor button, the button is pressed said elevator passengers going to the first floor, SCM according to the signal to control the operation of the lift;

S12: Elevator internal selection to the two floor button, the button is pressed said elevator passengers going to the two floor, SCM according to the signal control elevator;

S13: the elevator to the third floor internal selection button, the button is pressed said elevator passengers to go to the third floor, SCM according to the signal control elevator;

S14: Elevator internal selection to the four floor button, the button is pressed said elevator passengers going to the four floor, SCM according to the signal control elevator;

S15: Elevator internal selection to the five floor button, the button is pressed said elevator passengers going to the five floor, SCM according to the signal control elevator;

S16: Elevator internal selection to the six floor button, the button is pressed said elevator passengers going to the six floor, SCM according to the signal control elevator;

The keyboard circuit as shown in figure 2:

Fig. 2 overall plans

3.2 the smallest single-chip system design

If the circuit group reset circuit and clock circuit two parts, wherein the reset circuit using a combination key manual reset and automatic power-on reset, the circuit in Figure 3 ( left) shows: 9 feet for the MCU reset. The clock circuit as shown in Figure 3 ( right) shows: crystal oscillator is used in 12MHZ, XATL2 and XATL1 were 18 and 19 feet of scm.

Fig. 3 overall plans

3.3 display circuit design

This circuit uses a 8 digital tube display, from 74ls245 to drive 8 digital tube display elevator to arrive the number of floors and the operational status of the elevator, wherein the digital tube of 6 feet ( DP ) bright said elevator at this point in the uplink, if not bright said elevator in the downlink. P2.0-P2.7 microcontroller P2 port as the output port and the output active-low. The circuit shown in figure 4:

Fig. 4 overall plans

3.4 motor positive inversion of control

In this design in order to facilitate the motor positive and negative use two light tube to represent, as shown in Figure 5 : the use of SCM P0 port output port to drive the luminous tube, as is the P0 to add resistance, in which L1 light indicates the motor forward, L2 lights, L3 light indicates that the motor reverse motor stop, while the elevator door. L3 out that the elevator door, elevator running L1 and L2 must have a bright, to express elevator uplink and downlink

Fig. 5 overall plans

3.5 system software design

Because the design of the keyboard matrix to replace the outgoing select button, which is the direction of the elevator call button and choose according to these keys to decide, so the chip to scan the keyboard constantly to get the call state. In order to control the operation of the lift. The keyboard matrix scanning is an important part of the software design of the system, in addition to the storage key information of each layer to keyboard scan, and then compare and elevator operation, to determine whether the response of each layer of the call ( elevator only in response to the same direction, finally call ) is floor display part, this design is through a delay circuit to display the location of the elevator. The software design includes the following sections:

The initialization procedure so that the digital display " 1 " indicates that the elevator in a building, and the L3 light that elevator door etc.

Others entered the elevator;

The main program mainly includes:

The judge passengers into the elevator selection which floor, to control the elevator operation according to the judgement of the situation;

The elevator to scan the keyboard constantly in the process of operation, thus to judge each floor has no call request,;

The call request elevator response only in the running process of the same direction;

Real-time display of elevator location and running state ( uplink / downlink );

The door has a delay to ensure passengers out of / into the elevator;

Software flow diagram is shown in figure 6:

Fig.6 overall plans

4 Summary and the experience

Through the comprehensive training based on MCU, let I learned the previous knowledge with comprehensive application. This for me, is not only a practice, more is to test the knowledge of their previous. I found that I need to know, and learn a lot of knowledge. Let my own shortcomings were found from this practice, application software on a variety of learning at the same time, let me have a deeper understanding of knowledge. Found, only theoretical knowledge is not enough, there is a considerable gap between theory and application. Also let us experience what have grandiose aims but puny abilities, empty talk. Through this internship, I learned a lot of ②not learn things. This practice means to us is very important, let us from the new understanding to their position. In the practice, also carry forward our team spirit, and ability to cooperate. Under the teacher's enthusiastic guidance, believe that we have entered a new stage.

Reference

[1] Shi Lei Cheung Kwok Keung Altium Designer 8 Chinese circuit design, Tsinghua University press, 2009

[2] Li Zhaoqing. Single-chip microcomputer principle and Interface Technology ( Third Edition ). Beihang University press, 2005

[3] Zhang Daming. Single chip microcomputer control technology and its application [ M ] . Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 2006

基于单片机控制的电梯控制器

摘要：本设计基于单片机来控制电器中各部分的使用，采用数码管来实时显示楼层的位置及方向，利用两个发光二极管来代替电机，通过单片机控制发光管的亮和灭来实现电机的正反转，通过定时器延时来校验电梯的位置。

关键词：电梯AT89S51 LED显示电机正反转控制楼层校验

1 引言

随着人们生活水平的不断提高和国名经济的迅速发展。各大城市建筑物在不断向高层化发展。因此电梯在我们的生活中起着举足轻重的作用。电梯已不仅是一种生产环节中的重要设备,更是一种人们频繁乘用的交通运输设备。因此电梯控制技术也在不断的进步和完善，常用的控制技术主要的有两种技术：基于PLC控制和基于单片机控制两大技术。用PLC控制的电梯性能可靠、稳定，但是造价太高。基于单片机控制的电梯可以大大的降低成本而且运行也较可靠，所以现在电梯控制中大多数采用单片机控制。

2 总体设计方案

2.1 设计思路

本次设计的基本思想是采用AT89s51单片机作为核心，利用其丰富的I/O接口与外围电路配合进行控制。采用定时器延时来控制电梯的位置校验，采用8位LED静态显示来实时显示电梯所在楼层，并用74ls245来驱动LED显示。采用行列式键盘矩阵作为外呼内选电路，由于是6层楼，故选用4×4矩阵键盘。当电梯到达目的楼层时电机停止，此时即可进、出乘客，乘客进入电梯之后可选择去哪一层，然后电梯根据乘客的选择判断去哪一层，继续运行。通过单片机控制电梯在上升过程中只响应上升呼叫，下降过程中只响应下降呼叫。电梯的正常运行通过单片机的控制来实现。

2.2 总体设计框图

如图1所示

图1 总体方案图

3 设计原理分析

3.1键盘矩阵电路的设计

由于本电路所需按键较多为了节省单片机的I/O口，故选用行列式键盘矩阵。本电路采用的是4×4键盘矩阵。电路如图2 所示，P1.0-P1.7是接单片机的P1 端口，单片机采用行和列扫描法来判别这16个按键中哪个键按下，并将其标号读入累加器A 里面，然后可根据每个按键的功能来通过单片机控制电梯的运行。下面将每个按键的功能说明一下：

S1: 一楼向上呼叫按键，此键按下表示一楼有人要乘坐电梯上楼，并且单片机将此信号存入固定单元，等到电梯运行到此楼层时判断是否该响应此呼叫；

S2: 二楼向上呼叫按键，此键按下表示二楼有人要乘坐电梯上楼，并且单片机将此信号存入固定单元，等到电梯运行到此楼层时判断是否该响应此呼叫；

S3：二楼向下呼叫按键，此键按下表示二楼有人要乘坐电梯下楼，并且单片机将此信号存入固定单元，等到电梯运行到此楼层时判断是否该响应此呼叫；

S4: 三楼向上呼叫按键，此键按下表示三楼有人要乘坐电梯上楼，并且单片机将此信号存入固定单元，等到电梯运行到此楼层时判断是否该响应此呼叫；

S5：三楼向下呼叫按键，此键按下表示三楼有人要乘坐电梯下楼，并且单片机将此信号存入固定单元，等到电梯运行到此楼层时判断是否该响应此呼叫；

S6：四楼向上呼叫按键，此按键按下表示四楼有人要乘坐电梯上楼，并且单片机将此信号存入固定单元，等到电梯运行到此楼层时判断是否该响应此呼叫；

S7：四楼向下呼叫按键，此按键按下表示四楼有人要乘坐电梯下楼，并且单片机将此信号存入固定单元，等到电梯运行到此楼层时判断是否该响应此呼叫；

S8：五楼向上呼叫按键，此键按下表示四楼有人要乘坐电梯上楼，并且单片机将此信号存入固定单元，等到电梯运行到此楼层时判断是否该响应此呼叫；

S9: 五楼向下呼叫按键，此按键按下表示五楼有人要乘坐电梯下楼，并且单片机将此信号存入固定单元，等到电梯运行到此楼层时判断是否该响应此呼叫；

S10：六楼向上呼叫按键，此按键按下表示有人要乘坐电梯下楼，并且单片机将此信号存入固定单元，等到电梯运行到此楼层时判断是否该响应此呼叫；

S11：电梯内部选择去一楼按键，此按键按下表示电梯里的乘客要去一楼，单片机根据此信号控制电梯的运行；

S12：电梯内部选择去二楼按键，此按键按下表示电梯里的乘客要去二楼，单片机根据此信号控制电梯运行；

S13：电梯内部选择去三楼按键，此按键按下表示电梯里的乘客要去三楼，单片机根据此信号控制电梯运行；

S14：电梯内部选择去四楼按键，此按键按下表示电梯里的乘客要去四楼，单片机根据此信号控制电梯运行；

S15：电梯内部选择去五楼按键，此按键按下表示电梯里的乘客要去五楼，单片机根据此信号控制电梯运行；

S16：电梯内部选择去六楼按键，此按键按下表示电梯里的乘客要去六楼，单片机根据此信号控制电梯运行；

键盘电路如图2 所示：

图2

3.2单片机最小系统设计

此电路组要是复位电路和时钟电路两部分，其中复位电路采用按键手动复位和上电自动复位组合，电路如图3（左）所示：其中9 脚为单片机的复位端。时钟电路如图3（右）所示：晶振采用的是12MHZ的，XATL2和XATL1分别为单片机的18和19脚。

图 3

3.3显示电路设计

本电路采用一个8为数码管显示，由74ls245来驱动8位数码管显示电梯所到达的楼层数和电梯的运行状况，其中数码管中的6脚（dp ）亮时表示电梯此时在上行，若不亮表示电梯是在下行。P2.0-P2.7为单片机的P2口作为输出口用且输出低电平有效。电路如图4 所示：

图 4

在本次设计中为了方便电机正反转用两个放光管来表示，如图5所示：用单片机的P0口做输出口来驱动发光管，由于是P0口要加上拉电阻，其中L1亮表示电机正转、L2亮表示电机反转、L3亮表示电机停转，同时电梯开门。L3灭表示电梯关门，电梯运行时L1和L2必须有一个亮，来表示电梯的上行和下行。

2

1

时钟电路

5v

图 5

3.5系统软件设计

本设计由于采用键盘矩阵来代替外呼内选按钮，而电梯的运行方向是根据这些呼叫按键和选择按键来决定的，所以单片机要不断的扫描键盘来获取各层呼叫状态。从而来控制电梯的运行。故键盘矩阵扫描是本系统软件设计的重要一部分，另外要把键盘扫描到的各层的按键信息存储起来，然后和电梯的运行状态比较，判断是否响应各层呼叫（电梯只响应同方向呼叫），最后就是楼层显示部分了，此次设计是通过延时电路来实时显示电梯所在的位置的。整个软件设计包括一下几部分：

⑴初始化程序使数码管显示“1”表示电梯处在一楼，并且使L3灯亮表示电梯开门等 待人进入电梯；

⑵主程序主要包括：

①判断乘客进入电梯后选择去哪一层，根据判断情况来控制电梯运行； ②电梯在运行过程中要不断的扫描键盘，从而来判断各楼层有无呼叫请求，； ③电梯在运行过程中只响应同方向的呼叫请求； ④实时显示电梯所在位置及运行状态（上行/下行）； ⑤开关门有一定的延时来保证乘客走出/进入电梯； 软件流程图如图6 所示：

K

P0.P0.P0.5V

图6

4 总结与体会

通过这次基于单片机的综合实习，让我对以前所学的知识有了综合的应用。这次对我来说，不仅仅是一次实习，更是对自己以前所学知识的检验。我发现我需要了解，和学习的知识很多。也让我从这次实习当中发现了自己的不足，同时对各种学习软件的应用，让我对所学知识有了更深层次的了解。发现了，仅仅有理论知识是不够的，理论与应用之间存在着相当大的差距。也让我们体会到了什么叫眼高手低，纸上谈兵。通过这次实习，也让我学到了很多课本当中学不到的东西。这次实习对我们的意义是非常的重大，让我们从新认识到自己所处的位置。在实习当中，也发扬了我们的团队精神，与合作能力。在老师的热情辅导之下，相信我们又上了一个新的台阶。

参考文献

[1] 石磊张国强.Altium Designer 8.0 中文电路设计·清华大学出版社,2009

[2] 李朝清.单片机原理及接口技术（第三版）.北京航空航天大学出版社，2005

[3] 张大明.单片机微机控制应用技术【M】.北京：机械工业出版社，2006