2020年高考英语新题型写作技巧一 五种基本句型和常用谚语1

2020年高考英语新题型写作技巧一 五种基本句型和常用谚语1
2020年高考英语新题型写作技巧一 五种基本句型和常用谚语1

2020 年高考英语写作新题型备考技巧

专题一 5 种基本句型打好写作基础

5 种基本句型复习

确保句子写对、结构完整是写作中最基本的要求。所以,要想完成写作这栋高楼大厦,就一定先要把地基打好,即掌握好基本句式。否则再漂亮洋气的作文也只能是空谈。英语语言中,最基本的句型只有五种,其它各种复杂的从句、句式也都是从它们演变而来。

一. 主语+谓语(不及物动词)

此句型中,主语只需要一个实意动词就可以表达出完整的动作和意思。这类动词为不及物动词,后面可以接副词、介词短语、状语从句等结构。

1.The 13th National Games will take place in Tianjin at the end of August. (2017 天津高考书面表达)

2.As is indicated in the graph, the box-office income of Chinese films increased from 2012 to 2015. (2017

年江苏高考书面表达)

3.Therefore, this new kind of shoes has come into being recently. (2014 湖南高考书面表达)

二. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语

该句型的动词为实意动词,是由主语发出的动作,但是不能表达完整的意思,必须跟一个宾语,才能表达完整的意思。有时可以由不及物动词加介词构成及物动词完成。宾语即为动作的承受者,可以有名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当。

1.New members will receive extra guidance on Sunday mornings from 3:30 p.m. to 11:00 a.m... (2017 全国

卷书面表达)

2.We debated over what to put into the video. (2017 北京高考书面表达)

3.Hopelessness and guilt quickly flooded her mind. (2016 浙江高考书面表达)

4.It offered teenagers like you and me a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture. (2015 北京

高考书面表达)

三. 主语+系动词+表语

该句型主要是说明主语的身份、状态、特征,谓语动词是系统词,后面接的表语可以为形容词、名词、介词短语、不定式、分词、从句等。

1.We may feel at ease in our school uniforms every day. (2019 年浙江高考书面表达)

2.The situation may not be that bad.(2016 年浙江高考书面表达)

3.It’s great to hear from you! I feel proud of knowing your interest in Chinese history. (2016 北京高考书面

表达)

4.The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.(2015 全国卷书面

表达)

四. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语

此句型中的谓语动词需要跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。间接宾语通常是人,直接宾语通常是物。间接宾语可以放在直接宾语的前面;直接宾语也可以借助to 或for 等介词放在间接宾语前面。

1.I gave them a vivid and informative introduction of tea culture. (2018 北京高考书面表达)

2.The purpose of my writing is to tell you that there will be an outing for us these days. (2017 浙江高考书

面表达)

3.I wish you success in your application. (2017 年全国卷书面表达)

4.First, he showed us basic steps and skills of making dough figurines. (2015 北京高考书面表达)

五. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语

该句型虽然用了及物动词加宾语,但是还是不能表达完整的意思,需要加一个补充成分来说明宾语的情况,才能使意思完整。宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、不定式、分词等。

1.Therefore, I would like you to join our school’s table tennis team. (2017 全国三卷书面表达)

2.I think it great fun to learn the poems written in the Tang Dynasty. (2017 全国一卷书面表达)

3.As a high school student, I consider English a very important subject.

提升训练

一.根据要求完成句子。

1.在我看来,一个没有朋友的人永远不会幸福。(主系表)

In my opinion, .

2.我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。(主谓宾)

We haven’t decided .

3.每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。(主谓宾宾补)

Every morning, we .

4.奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个很有趣的故事。(主谓间宾直宾)

My granny last night.

5.早睡早起是一个好习惯。(主系表)

is a good habit.

6.中国传统服装会让这个场合对英国客人来说非常中国化和有魅力(主谓宾宾补)

The traditional Chinese clothes will to the British guests.

7.最近10 年,我的家乡发生巨大变化。(主谓)

in my hometown in the past decade.

8.这些照片使我想起了我的童年。(主谓宾宾补)

These pictures my childhood.

9.唐诗是我们下堂课要学的,预计六月二十号在学校图书馆。(主系表)

, scheduled on July 20 in the school library.

10.我现在正在申请一家外资公司的兼职工作。(主谓宾)

in an overseas-funded corporation.

11.现在,我代表我的同学们,祝你安全返回。(主谓间宾直宾)

12.你的投稿肯定会使这次活动取得巨大成功。(主谓宾宾补)

13.我们学校的乒乓球队现在正在招收新队员。(主谓宾)

14.这个展览的主题是环保。(主系表)

15.车突然在他面前停下来了。(主谓)

1. a person without friends can never be happy

2.when to discuss the program again

3.hear him read English

4.told me a very amusing story

5.Going to bed early and rising early

6.make the occasion very Chinese and inviting

7.Great changes have taken place

8.made me think of

9.Tang Poetry is what we are going to learn next class

10.I am applying for a part-time job

11.Now, on behalf of my schoolmates, I wish you a safe return.

12.Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.

13.The Student Table Tennis Team of our school is recruiting/looking for new players now.

14.The theme of the show is environmental protection.

15.The car abruptly stopped in front of him.

二.翻译下列句子,并写出所属的基本句式。

1.我是一名美国学生,名叫汤姆。

2.上周我和家人去了北京,参观了许多名胜古迹。

3.在参观期间,我在北京大饭店(Beijing Grand Hotel)住了五天。

4.这个旅馆给我们提供了很好的服务。

5.他们总是将房间保持得很整洁。

6.外国游客住在那里很方便。

1.I am an American student, Jim. (主系表)

https://www.360docs.net/doc/ce3884331.html,st week I went to Beijing and visited many places of interest with my family. (主谓宾)

3.During my visit, I stayed at the Beijing Grand Hotel for five days. (主谓)

4.The hotel offered us good service. (主谓宾间宾直宾)

5.They always keep the rooms clean and tidy. (主谓宾宾补)

6.It is very convenient for foreign visitors to stay here. (主系表)

三.将上题的1 到6 句合并成一篇短文,可以适当增加细节。

【答案】

I am an American student whose name is Jim. Last week I went to Beijing and visited many places of

interest with my family. During my visit, I stayed at the Beijing Grand Hotel for five days, which offered us good service. And they always keep the rooms clean and tidy. It is very convenient for foreign visitors to stay here, with everything there labeled in both English and Chinese. I was deeply touched by that.

常用谚语翻译

1)教育学习类:

1.知识就是力量。

2.玉不琢不成器。

3.学无坦途。

4.天才不过是勤奋而已。

5.问得多,学得多。

6.温故而知新。

7.活到老学到老。

8.一知半解是危险的事。

2)工作与生活类

1.只会用功不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻。

2.良药苦口利于病。

3.人生并非康庄大道。

4.入乡随俗。

5.量体裁衣;量入为出。

6.五十步笑百步。

7.谎言站不住。

8.做人诚信为本。

3)友情类

1.患难之交真朋友。

2.老朋友是最好的镜子。

3.世上没有十全十美的朋友。

4.朋友易失不易得。

5.滥交朋友者无朋友。

6.益友难得。

4)理想与现实类

1.世上无难事,只怕有心人。

2.下决心成功的人已成功了一半。

3.伟大的理想造就伟大的人物。

4.除非亲自尝试,否则你永远不知道你能够做什么

5.人生应该树立目标,否则你的精力会白白浪费。

6.有志者事竟成。

7.不劳则无获。

5)毅力与人生类

1.吃一堑长一智。

2.逆境出人才。

3.千里之行始于足下

4.凡事不可半途而废。

5.逆水行舟,不进则退。

6.否极泰来。

7.欲速则不达。

8.条条大道通罗马。

9.谁笑到最后,谁笑的最好。

10.滴水石穿。

6)成功类

1.良好的开端是成功的一半。

2.失败乃成功之母。

3.万事开头难。

7)时间类

1.岁月不饶人。

2.时光一去不复返。

3.一寸光阴一寸金。

8)关于合作的谚语

1.独木不成林。

2.同甘共苦。

3.三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮。

4.人心齐,泰山移。

9)帮助类

1.我为人人,人人为我。

2.爱是退工世界前进的力量。

3.使他人幸福的人才会真正幸福。

10)健康类

1.生命在于运动。

2.健康是最大的财富。

3.一天一个苹果,不要求医问药。

【答案】

1)1. Knowledge is power.

2.Unpolished pearls never shine.

3.There is no royal road to learning.

4.Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.

5.He who inquires much learns much.

6.Look for the old so as to learn the new.

7.One is never too old to learn.

8.A little learning is dangerous.

2)1. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

2.Good medicine for health tastes bitter to the mouth.

3.Life is not all roses.

4.Do in Rome as Romans do.

5.Cut your coat according to your cloth.

6.The pot calls the kettle black.

7.Lies have short legs.

8.Honesty is the best policy.

3)1. A friend in need is a friend indeed.

2.The best mirror is an old friend.

3.A friend without faults will never be found.

4.A friend is easier lost than found.

5.A friend to all is a friend to none.

6.A faithful friend is hard to find.

4)1.Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.

2.He who wills success is half way to it.

3.Great hopes make great man.

4.You never know what you can do till you try.

5.Have an aim in life, or your energies will all be wasted.

6.Where there is a will there is a way.

7.No pains, no gains.

5)1. A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.

2.Adversity makes a man wise, not rich.

3.Little by little one goes far.

4.Do nothing by halves.

5.He who does not advance loses ground.

6.Things at the worst will mend.

7.More haste, less speed.

8.All roads lead to Rome.

9.He laughs best who laughs last.

10.Constant dripping wears away a stone.

6)1. A good beginning is half done.

2.Failure is the mother of success.

3.Every beginning is difficult. 7)

1. Time and tide wait for no man.

2.Lost time is never found again.

3.As every thread of gold is valuable, so is every moment of time. 8)1. One tree can’t make a forest.

2.For better for worse.

3.Two heads are better than one.

4.Both together do best of all.

9)1. All for one and one for all.

2.It is love that makes the world go around.

3.He is truly happy who makes others happy.

10)1. life lies in the movement.

2.Good health is over wealth.

3.An apple a day keeps a doctor away.

英语写作常用谚语分类背诵

英语写作常用谚语分类背诵(英汉对照) 一、时间与机会期Time and Opportunity 1.Time and chance reveal all secrets. 时机揭露一切秘密。 2.The first hour of the morning is the rudder of the day. 一日之计在于晨。 3.The first in the boat has the choice of oars. 捷足先登。 4.There are more ways to the wood than one. 天无绝人之路。 5.Time cures all things. 时间能医治一切。 6.Time is the father of truth and experience is the mother of science. 时间是真理主义,经验是知识之母亲。 7.As every thread of gold is valuable, so every moment of time. 一寸光阴 一寸金。 8.Opportunities do not wait. 机不可失,时不再来。 9.Chance is a word of sense; nothing can exist without a cause. 机遇是没有任何意义的词;什么东西也不会无缘无故地存在。 10.It is better to trust in labor than in luck. 靠运气不如靠努力。 二、勤奋与事业Diligences and business 1.Necessity sharpens Industry. 需要使人变得勤劳。 2.Never be ashamed to eat your meat. 自食其力,心安理得。 3.Out of debt, out of price. 贵在时令。 4.Penny wise, pound foolish. 因小失大。 https://www.360docs.net/doc/ce3884331.html,zy folks take the most pains. 偷赖的人吃最大的苦头。 6.Leisure is the reward of labor. 闲逸是劳动的报酬。 7.Let every man do what he was made for. 人尽其才,物尽其用。 8.To the timid, everything is impossible. 胆小怕事,优柔寡断,就会觉得什么都不可能。 9. A well-prepared mind hopes in adversity, and fears in prosperity., 遇事有准备的人逢逆境不失望,处顺境不大意。

高考英语作文常用句式句型

背吧!高考英语作文常用句式句型 Breanna 一.开头用语: 良好的开端等于成功的一半.在写作文时,通常以最简单也最常用的方式---开门见山法。也就是说, 直截了当地提出你对这个问题的看法或要求,点出文章的中心思想。 1.议论论文: A. Just as every coin has two sides, cars have both advantages and disadvantages. B.pared to/ In parison with letters, e-mails are more convenient. C. When it es to puters, some people think they have brought us a lot of convenience. However,... D.Opinions are divided on the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city and in the countryside. E. As is known to all/ As we all know, puters have played an important role/part in our daily life. F. Why do you go to university? Different people have different points of view. 2. 书信: A. I am writing to you to apply for admission to your university as a visiting scholar. B. I read an advertisement in today’s China Daily and I apply for the job... C. Thank you for your letter of May 5. D. How happy I am to receive your letter of January 9. E. How nice to hear from you again. 3. 口头通知或介绍情况: A. Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please. I have an announcement to make. B.Attention, please. I have something important to tell you. C. Mr.Green, Wele to our school. To begin with, let me introduce Mr. Wang to you. 4. 演讲稿: A. Ladies and gentlemen, I feel very much honored to have a chance here to make a speech on the subject -- A Balance Diet and Health. B. Good morning everyone! Allow me, first of all, on behalf of all present here, to extend our warm wele and cordial greeting to our distinguished guest. 二.并列用语: as well as, not only…but (also), including, A. Not only do puters play an important part in science and technology, but also play an informative role in our daily life. B. All of us, including the teachers / the teachers included, will attend the lecture. C. He speaks French as well as English.=He speaks English, and French as well.= He speaks not only English but also French. D. E-mail,as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily munication. 三.对比用语: on one hand ,on the other hand, on the contrary/contrary to ..., though, for one thing ;for another, nevertheless A. I know the Internet can only be used at home or in the office, but on the other hand,it is being more and more popular for much information as well as clear and vivid pictures.

英语作文中常用的谚语

英语作文中常用的谚语 1.Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 2.God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。 3.Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。 4.Where there is a will,there is a way. 有志者事竟成。 5.One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘,谬之千里。 6.Slow and steady wins the race. 稳扎稳打无往而不胜。 7.A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit. 吃一堑,长一智。 8.Experience is the mother of wisdom. 实践出真知。 9.All work and no play makes jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻。 10.Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance.无德之美犹如没有香味的玫瑰,徒有其表。 11.More hasty,less speed. 欲速则不达。 12.Its never too old to learn. 活到老,学到老。 13.All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的未必都是金子。 14.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下。 15.Look before you leap. 三思而后行。 16.Rome was not built in a day. 伟业非一日之功。 17.Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。 18.well begun,half done. 好的开始等于成功的一半。 19.It is hard to please all. 众口难调。 20.Out of sight,out of mind. 眼不见,心不念。 21.Facts speak plainer than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 22.Call back white and white back. 颠倒黑白。

英语作文常用谚语、俗语

英语作文常用谚语、俗语 1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。 2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解,自欺欺人。 3、All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。 4、All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻。 6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终。 7、Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 8、A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。 9、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 10、A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友难,失朋友易。 11、A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。 12、A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终。 13、A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。 14、A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。 15、A mother's love never changes. 母爱永恒。 16、An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果,不用请医生。 17、A single flower does not make a spring. 一花独放不是春,百花齐放春满园。 18、A year's plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春。 19、A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。 20、Better late than never. 不怕慢,单怕站。 21、By reading we enrich the mind.读书使人充实, 22、Care and diligence bring luck. 谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。 23、Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是走向成功的第一步。 24、Custom is a second nature. 习惯是后天养成的。 25、Custom makes all things easy. 有个好习惯,事事皆不难。 26、Doing is better than saying. 与其挂在嘴上,不如落实在行动上。 27、Do nothing by halves. 凡事不可半途而废。 28、Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事,今日毕。 29、Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻烦。 30、Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起身体好。 31、Easier said than done. 说得容易,做得难。 32、Easy come, easy go. 来也匆匆,去也匆匆。 33、Eat to live, but not live to eat. 人吃饭是为了活着,但活着不是为了吃饭。 34、Every man has his faults. 金无足赤,人无完人。 35、Every man is the architect of his own fortune. 自己的命运自己掌握。 36、Every minute counts. 分秒必争。 37、Each coin has two sides. 38、Fact speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 39、Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 40、God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。 41、Health is better than wealth. 健康胜过财富。 42、Honesty is the best policy. 做人诚信为本。 43、Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. 抱最好的愿望,做最坏的打算。 44、It is never too old to learn. 活到老,学到老。 45、Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量 46、Like mother, like daughter. 有其母必有其女。 47、No pain,no gain.(不劳无获。) 48、You never know till you have tried. 不尝试,不知晓。。 49、An idle youth, a needy age.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。 50、Diligence is the mother of success.勤奋是成功之母。 51、Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起,使人健康、富裕和聪颖。 52、Experience is the best teacher.经验是最好的教师。

高考英语常用句型归纳整理A4纸打印版.doc

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Summary的写作技巧和常见句型

S u m m a r y 的写作技巧和常见句型 、概括原文 一)阅读 1. 读懂文章读文章的时候,要养成良好的阅读习惯,划划写写,英文阅读的时候,用铅笔轻轻划出重点词汇。 认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解,就多读两遍。阅读次数越多,你对原文的理解就越深刻。 2. 拆分文章按照作者的思路,把文章分段,每个段落用几个词,几个短语概括。尽量简短,精 炼。 段落中心句,在段落的开头或末尾。有时也会变态的在当中。 3. 概括主旨写出文章的thesis, 一句话概括文章的主旨。 二)基本结构和技巧 1.重新拟定标题给summary 起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。 2. 阐述观点 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。写概述的时候,如果能够明确是他人写作的文章,注意要把作者的名字放在第一句(或者是接着写出要阐述的main ideas (主要观点)和supporting points (对主要观点的the author .. )。

支持)。 3. 词汇运用 注意概述的cohere nee (连贯性),运用好tran siti on words (过渡 词) , like however, furthermore, nonetheless, besides, therefore etc. 4. 删除细节 只保留主要观点。 5. 选择一至两个有代表性的例子 原文中可能包括5 个或更多的例子,你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 6. 把长句变成短句,把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。 He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor. 可以概括为:“ He was in finan cial difficulties. His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion- like. ” 可以概括为:” He was very brave in battle. He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor. 可以概括为:“ He was in finan cial difficulties. 6)你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子: Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago. ” 可以概括为:” Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays,

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(6) the same +名词+as 和……一样的…… (接名词或定语从句) 例:He is not the same man as he used to be 他不是从前的那样子了。(7) as 引导非限制性定语从句 例:As is known to all, knowledge is power.众所周知,知识就是力量。(8)引导时间状语从句,“随着...” 例:We get wiser as we get older. 随着我们长大,我们也变得越来越聪明。 (9) 引导原因状语从句,与because的用法相近 例:As it was getting very late, we soon turned back. 因为越来越迟了,所以我们不久就回来了。 (10) 引导让步状语从句 例:Child as he is, he knows much about science. 尽管他是一个小孩,但他对科学了解得很多。 2、prefer 句型: (1) prefer to do sth 例:I prefer to stay at home. 我宁愿呆在家里。 (2) prefer doing sth 例:I prefer playing in defence. 我喜欢打防守。 (3) prefer sb to do sth 例:Would you prefer me to stay? 你愿意我留下来吗? (4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth ……宁愿…...而不愿.…".

Summary的写作技巧和常见句型

Summary的写作技巧与常见句型 一、概括原文 (一)阅读 1、读懂文章 读文章的时候,要养成良好的阅读习惯,划划写写,英文阅读的时候,用铅笔轻轻划出重点词汇。认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解,就多读两遍。阅读次数越多,您对原文的理解就越深刻。 2、拆分文章 按照作者的思路,把文章分段,每个段落用几个词,几个短语概括。尽量简短,精炼。 段落中心句,在段落的开头或末尾。有时也会变态的在当中。 3、概括主旨 写出文章的thesis, 一句话概括文章的主旨。 (二)基本结构与技巧 1、重新拟定标题 给summary起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。 2、阐述观点 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。写概述的时候,如果能够明确就是她人写作的文章,注意要把作者的名字放在第一句(或者就是the author……、)。接着写出要阐述的main ideas(主要观点)与supporting points(对主要观点的支持)。 3、词汇运用 注意概述的coherence(连贯性),运用好transition words(过渡词), like however, furthermore, nonetheless, besides, therefore etc、 4、删除细节 只保留主要观点。 5、选择一至两个有代表性的例子 原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子,您只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 6、把长句变成短句,把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。 “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor、” 可以概括为:“He was in financial difficulties、” “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like、” 可以概括为:”He was very brave in battle、” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor、” 可以概括为:“He was in financial difficulties、” 6) 您还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请瞧下面的例子: “Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past、Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago、” 可以概括为:”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services、” 7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词,比如: “She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek

高考英语常用句型归纳整理A4纸打印版

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