直接引语变间接引语口诀

一、当直接引语为陈述句，变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是：

去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活，

时态向后退一步，状语变化按规则。

She said，“My brother doesn't want to go there.”→She said that her brother didn't want to go there.

二、当直接引语为一般疑问句，变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是：

去掉引号加if，陈述语序要记住，

时态人称和状语，小心变化别马虎。

I asked her，“Do you study English here?”→

I asked her if she studied English there.

三、当直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是：

直接去引号，陈述莫忘掉，

小心助动词，丢它最重要。

“What do you want?”he asked me. →

He asked me what I wanted.

四、当直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是：

去掉引号要加to, ask，tell须记住，

直引若是否定式，not加在to前部。

The teacher said to her mother，“Please give me the book.”→

The teacher told her mother to give her the book.

五、对于人称变化，要求学生们记住的“顺口溜”是：

第一人称看主语，第二人称看宾语，

宾语若是不存有，活用代词I，my，me。

He said to her，“Are you interested in English?”→He asked her if she was interested in English.

The teacher said，“Where have you been?”→The teacher asked me(us) where I(we)

had been.

六、时态对应表：

直接引语时态间接引语时态

一般现在时→一般过去时

一般将来时→过去将来时

现在实行时→过去实行时

一般过去时→过去完成时

现在完成时→过去完成时

（过去完成时时态不变）

情态动词也要变成相对应的过去式：

can could; may might; must must/had to

“直”变“间”何时时态无需变

直接引语变为间接引语时，通常间接引语中谓语动词的时态是受主句中谓语动词时态约束的，主句的动词如果是过去时，间接引语中的动词也必须以某种过去时态出现。但是，在以下几种情况下，即使主句的动词是过去时，间接引语的动词所用时态仍然保持不变。

一、直接引语所述的是客观真理。如：

The teacher said to us, “The earth is round.”→

The teacher told us that the earth is round.

二、直接引语中有一个确切的过去时间状语。如：

He said, “I was born in 1970. ”→He said that he was born in 1970.

三、直接引语是过去完成时。如：

He said, “I had planted the trees before supper.”→He said that he had planted

the trees before supper.

四、直接引语是过去实行时。如：

He asked, “What were they doing when Tom left？”→He asked me what they were

doing when Tom left.

五、直接引语是经常发生的、习惯性的动作。如：

She said, “l always get up early in the morning.”→She said that she always

gets up early in the morning.

六、直接引语所述内容是个事实。如：

John said, “My uncle is a doctor.”→John said that his uncle is a doctor.

七、直接引语所述的动作或状态在转述时仍在继续实行。如：

She said, “My mother is ill.”→She said that her mother is ill. (现在仍病着)

八、直接引语中含有由when，while，since所引导的表示过去的时间状语从句，该从句的时态仍不变。如：

Mr Smith said to the workers, “John has worked very hard since he came here.”

→Mr Smith told the workers that John had worked very hard since he went there.

九、直接引语中的must，need，would，should，ought to，had better,

might，could等词一般用原来形式。亦可用其它适当方法代替，但要保持原义。如：

He said, “I must go early.”→He said that he must (had to)go early.

炒黄鳝中吃出上百条寄生虫

“太恶心了，黄鳝里面全是长形的寄生虫，短的五厘米，常的超过十厘米，颜色是棕褐色的。”近日，南京市的丁女士买了一斤多的黄鳝，本想给小孙子补充点营养，餐后才发现黄鳝里面有上百条寄生虫。“这些虫子生命力太强了，我用热水烫了黄山南三遍，它们还能存活，是在是太可怕了。”丁女士说，因为自己是老花眼，宰杀时并未发现寄生虫，洋葱炒黄鳝丝做好后，丁女士夫妇和小孙子吃了整整一盘，只留下一小碗给还未下班的儿媳妇儿，这些寄生虫也是儿媳妇在回家后才发现的。（扬子晚报）