2021年专八阅读理解命题分析与应试技巧

2021年专八阅读理解命题分析与应试技巧
2021年专八阅读理解命题分析与应试技巧

专八阅读理解命题分析与应试技巧

专八阅读理解命题分析与应试技巧阅读理解是语言学习中最重要的基本技能之一,阅读是获取语言知识最直接、最有效的方法,阅读能力则是衡量掌握语言综合能力的一项重要标志。学习阅读,学会阅读,提高英语阅读能力,是最终掌握英语,提高整体英语水平的___。英语专业八级考试中也设立了阅读理解部分,而且阅读部分在整个考试中占相当大的比重,该部分的得分直接影响到整个考试的成败,因此无论是教师还是考生都对此非常重视。八级考试中的阅读理解部分主要是依据国家教委批准的《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》中对英语阅读教学内容和要求的规定,运用科学的测试手段,检验英语专业学生对于高级英语阅读能力和技巧的掌握,从而检查各有关院校对于大纲规定的教学内容和教学要求的完成和执行情况。

应该说到了准备八级考试的时候,学生已经具备了相当的阅读经验和阅读能力,现在的关键是多做练习,大量阅读,通过阅读来提高阅读水平。如果还存在一些不良阅读习惯的话,比如用手指着读,默读时出声等等,就应毫不犹豫地痛下功夫去改正。下面列出了一些常用的阅读技巧,仅作提醒之用。希望考生能仔细对照自己的情况,尽快改掉不良习惯,以便提高自己的阅读效率。

1.略读

略读(skimming)是常用的阅读方法之一,其主要特征是选择性地阅读。通常的阅读要求看到每一个词,每次注目看1-2个词。略读不需要看到每一个词,眼睛跳动的频率和幅度都有较大的提高,有时甚至从上一行跳到下一行。略读不可能使你对所读内容全部了解,但是你能大大地提高阅读速度,也能获得大量的信息。

略读的主要作用是了解文章的大意。经过略读之后,你对所读内容已经有了大致的了解,再仔细阅读,这时你的印象会更深刻,理解更透彻。

大部分读者不需要正规的训练和指导就可以进行略读。但是有意识地训练会大大地提高

你的略读速度和效率。进行略读训练的最简单的方法是强迫自己在规定的时间内读完某一篇文章,开始训练时,可以把略读速度定为平常阅读的5/4倍,以后逐步提高。略读的关键是增加眼跳的幅度,高度集中注意力,努力捕捉那些能引起注意或者你认为重要的内容。

2.扫读

扫读(scanning)是以最快的速度扫视所读材料,在找到所需信息时才仔细阅读该项内容。如查找某个人名、地名、时间、地点等,也即在寻找特定信息、寻找具体事实、寻找答题所需内容时都用这种方法。

3.研读

研读(study reading)就是仔细阅读,对文章有透彻深刻的理解。根据考题,运用上下文、逻辑关系、背景知识进行判断和推论。对难句的理解和翻译用得着这种方法。

提高阅读速度的一个重要内容是扩大词汇量。其必要性表现在以下几个方面:

1. 词汇量决定了你的阅读理解能力,词汇量越大,你阅读得越广,视野就越开阔,你阅读理解的得分就越高。

2. 有限的词汇量必然会影响你阅读理解能力的提高。生词的含义只有在上下文中才能完全展现出来,并易于被识记、理解、掌握。换句话说,是上下文给某个词以特定含义,而这个特定含义往往是

字典无法提供的。有的人或许会说,我们从中学到大学英语词汇都是通过背生词表来记的。但是这样说的读者忽视了很重要的一点:所学课文后面的词汇表都是为课文服务的,而且,教师上课时对某些词或表达方式所举的实例,实质上是为它们设置上下文。不少教师鼓励学生背句子、段落、或整篇文章,都是出于同一目的,即要学生在上下文中理解并掌握词汇和短语。

3. 多读是扩大词汇量的最好的方法。不仅要读不同体裁的书和文章,而且要多接触不同题材,才能适应考试的需要。

下边我们谈谈怎样解决八级考试中的阅读问题:

1. 找出段落的中心思想

任何阅读材料都有主要意思,即大意( ___in idea)。文字材料的大意有不同的层次。一个比较长的句子可以说很多事情,但一般只有一个大意,可以用几个词概括;一个段落包括很多句子,但也只有一个大意,通常是段落的主题句(topic senten ___)包含段落的大意。通常人们说“大意”指的是整篇材料的中心思想。

非小说体的阅读材料通常有比较明显的大意,其结构也比较清楚。文章的开头部分(introduction)会比较明确地指出文章的中心思想。文章主体部分的每一段也往往有主题句,通常在段首或段尾。有些文章的结尾还会对全文作一个总的概括。

2. 如何对待阅读中的词汇问题

阅读过程中不可避免地要遇到生词。大纲中规定允许有3%的生词,也就是说2000个词中允许有60个左右的生词,但一般不会有这么多的生词。有的人一遇到生词就停下来,有的则读完一两页后,有的人则完全不管生词。其实阅读中遇到生词只要不影响你对篇章主要意思的理解,一般应该继续往下读。如果生词的确影响你对内容的理解,当然是一种办法,但很不方便,而且频繁地不仅影响阅读速度,而且影响对文章内容的整体理解。所以在平时阅读时,遇生词最好的方法是通过上下文猜测。以下几条建议可帮助你猜测词义:

(1)看看上下文中有没有生词的另一种说法,即找同义词。有时上下文会对一个生词作解释,或者提供一些暗示。

(2)看看生词在文章中的词性,即看这个词是名词、动词、形容词、副词或其他词类。另外再看看这个词在文中与哪些词搭配使用,再根据自己的其他知识,就可以进行正确的猜测。(3)分析生词的构成,尤其是词的前缀和后缀。英语中很多词都是加前缀或后缀变来的。比如你认识这两个词write和similar,根据前缀re-和后缀-ity的含义,你就可以准确地

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阅读理解答题技巧(整理))

阅读理解答题技巧(整理) 一、做阅读理解的三个步骤 1、通读全文,掌握大意。在解答阅读理解时,同学们先要快速的浏览一下整篇文章,重视标题(中心)、开头段(观点)、结尾段(结论)及各段落的首句(主题句),理清脉络,了解基本梗概,不要把时间花在生词难句上。没认真读完一段,要及时概括段意。 注意在认真品读原文,最好用笔标记重要信息。要养成良好的阅读习惯,以速度也要质量,要求阅读二至三遍能读懂全文。 2、浏览考项,细读答题。在掌握文章的大意之后,同学们可浏览一下短文后面的题目,然后带着这些问题仔细的阅读第二遍,以做到有目的的阅读。 要做到认真读题目中的每个字,并在原文找出大体范围,就等于答对该题的一半了。 3、复读全文,验证答案。答题完毕时,同学们应对照答案将整篇文章从头到尾再看一遍,以确保答案的正确,同时答案要求,准确,简洁,全面。 简要概括来说:一、纵观全文,把握主旨。 ^ 二、认真审题,定向扫描。 三、筛选组合,定向表述 记叙文文体分析 1.记叙文六要素:时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、经过、结果 2.记叙顺序:顺叙、倒叙、插叙 (1)顺叙(按事情发展先后顺序)作用:叙事有头有尾,条理清晰,读起来脉络清楚、印象深刻。 (2)倒叙(先写结果,再交待前面发生的事。) 作用:造成悬念、吸引读者,避免叙述的平板单调,增强文章的生动性。 ] (3)插叙(叙事时中断线索,插入相关的另一件事。) 作用:对情节起补充、衬托作用,丰富形象,突出中心 3. 记叙的线索及作用: 常见线索:(1)核心人物(2)核心事物(3)核心事件(4)时间(5)地点(6)作者的情感 作用:是贯穿全文的脉络,把文中的人物和事件有机地连在一起,使文章条理清楚、层次清晰。 4.描写(1)肖像描写(2)外貌描写(3)神态描写(4)动作描写(5)语言(对话)描写 (6)心理描写(7)景物描写(8)场景描写(9)环境描写(10)细节描写 二、阅读理解答题技巧 ! 1、某段或某句在文中的作用 (1)结构上的作用: 1.文首:开篇点题;渲染气氛(记叙文、小说);埋下伏笔(记叙文、小说);设置悬念(小说); 为下文作铺垫;总领下文;为文章定下感情基调;议论文则可能是开门见山提出中心论 点;讲诉故事引出中心论点等等。 2.文中:承上启下;总领下文;总结上文; 3.文末:点明中心(记叙文、小说);深化主题(记叙文、小说);照应开头(议论文、记叙文、小说);引人思考,发人深省。 (2)内容上的作用(写作手法、对内容的作用、表达的感情等) (3)修辞手法的作用 {

2013年专八真题阅读理解参考答案

解析:题目问的是新闻传播从咖啡馆式的口口相传转变成大众报纸的单向传输原因何在。而结合文中第一段中的相关句:“Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper, The New York Sun,pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news,thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience.”就不难发现,确实报纸广告的出现是其原因所在。但由于这句句子较长,很可能有些考生会在时间仓促中来不及看完整,想清楚,先看到the first mass-audience newspaper就以为找到了正确答案,所以会误选A,但只要接着把句子读完就会发现该句强调的还是这家报纸率先使用了在报纸上登广告的形式才造成了这样的转变,最终原因归结还应该是报纸广告的出现。所以,解题时一定要把句子理解完整,千万不要因为赶时间而以偏概全。 12.参考答案:D 解析:题目问的是四个选项中哪个能最好的支持文中这句“Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house.(如今,新闻行业正回归到一种更接近原来咖啡馆式讨论传播的状态。)”选项A是在文章第二段最后部分出现的,紧跟前面一句来证明在全球大部分地区,大众传媒仍然在蓬勃发展的,因此与题干句无关,甚至可以说是相悖的。而选项B和C都只是在陈述某些具体现象,并未能直接来支持题干句。只有选项D总结了人们正在亲身参与到新闻的发现、讨论和传播中去,这也正是咖啡馆式新闻传播的最显著的一个特点——参与性,因此这句话能最好的表明如今的新闻行业正以这样的方式回归。

专八阅读理解练习题

passage One (Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice) In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned.There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging.Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence – as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other.What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all.We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged.The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing.We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute.The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing.No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us. The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and herder to get a hearing.They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement.If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution.Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake.In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme.The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us.Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law. Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other’s problems.And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information.'Talk, talk, talk,’the advocates of violence say,‘all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.’It’s rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge.After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser.‘Possible, my lord,’the barrister replied,‘none the wiser, but surely far better informed.’Knowledge

应试阅读技巧和方法

什么是阅读,阅读包括哪些内容? 一般来说,阅读内容可分为两个层次。一个是认读部分,包括字音、字形、字义、词组、磁联词、标点、修辞和句式等,这是阅读的基本层次,只有打好扎实的基础,才能进一步理解文章,掌握文章的各个脉络;另一个是理解部分,包括句段、篇章、中心思想、写作特点等。阅读的目的是理解,而绝不是孤立地认识几个字、词或认识几个人物。如果把阅读仅仅停留于认识的阶段,就不可能正确理解文章的思想内容和表达方式,更不能领略文章的精彩之处 因此,阅读文章必须经过熟读深思,心领神会,把文章中可供利用的精华,很自然地转化为自己的东西,能指出文章的是非。只有这样,学生在阅读中领会到文章的精微奥妙之处,才能获得内心的喜悦,把阅读文章当成自己生活中不可缺少的一种享受。例如,阅读一篇记叙文。首先要掌握记叙文的有关知识,记叙的六要素,记叙的顺序,记叙的人称,记叙中的描写等,特别是记叙线索。线索是记叙文布局谋篇的重要因素,它把表现中心意思的主要材料贯穿起来形成一个有机的整体。阅读时要设法找出文章的线索,并沿着它一步步弄清各个段落、层次,直到全篇的思想内容。这是阅读一篇记叙文的基本方法。当然阅读是个充满感情色彩的思维活动,每个人对文章的理解角度,侧重点不完全相同,感受也有差异,但是我们都应该遵循阅读理解的一般规律,达到阅读的理解要求,即准确把握文章的内容和特点,由认读理解,到完全消化,这是阅读的必走之路。 当然教师的指导阅读要力求选文内容丰富,适合学生的阅读,要结合大量的富于生活气息,反映当前生活,提高自身的思想素质和时代精神面貌。引导阅读作品要符合时代要求,要通过作品中的语言,展开想象,感受作品中的形象和作者的思想感情,然后进一步地思索,领略文章的精髓,找到文章中精确的反映和现实生活的联系,达到感受和理解的统一,学生在阅读中才能得到实际性的效果。 平时教师也要注意培养学生养成良好的阅读兴趣和习惯,提高阅读速度,要做到持之以恒,要有一个相当长的练习过程,要勤于阅读,有恒心,长期坚持阅读中的精读、速读等训练。“读书破万卷,下笔如有神”,这也说明阅读对写作的重要性。事实证明,缺乏持之以恒的精神,阅读能力很难得到提高。每天要定时定量地阅读,注意阅读的积累,平时要多花时间在课外扩大阅读量,以补充课内所学的东西,增强学习语文的兴趣。只有学生做到持之以恒,不懈地把阅读当作自己生活中不可缺少的一部分,逐步养成良好的阅读习惯,才能有利于提高学生的阅读能力。

专八阅读理解练习题复习过程

专八阅读理解练习题

passage One (Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice) In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned.There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging.Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence – as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other.What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all.We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged.The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing.We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute.The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing.No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us. The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and herder to get a hearing.They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement.If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution.Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake.In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme.The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us.Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law. Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other’s problems.And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information.'Talk, talk, talk,’the advocates of violence say,‘all you ever

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