朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》配套题库【课后习题】(美国经济)

朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》配套题库【课后习题】(美国经济)
朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》配套题库【课后习题】(美国经济)

第5章美国经济

I. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):

1. Alexander Hamilton was the third president of the United States. _____

【答案】F

【解析】亚历山大·汉密尔顿(Alexander Hamilton),美国的开国元勋之一,宪法的起草人之一。他也是财经专家,美国的第一任财政部长,美国政党制度的创建者。他在美国金融、财政和工业发展史上,占有重要地位。美国的第三任总统是托马斯·杰斐逊(Thomas Jefferson)。

2. The first factory in the United States was a cotton textile mill. _____

【答案】T

【解析】1789年,塞缪尔·斯莱特凭记忆仿制出英国的水力纺纱机,在罗得岛建立了美国第一座棉纺厂,揭开了美国工业革命的序幕。

3. Many people objected to the idea of the corporation because it is less personal than sole proprietorship and partner- ship. _____

【答案】T

【解析】公司制企业是一种以法人财产制度为核心,以科学规范的法人治理结构为基础,从事大规模生产经营活动,具有法人资格并依法设立的经济组织。独资企业和合伙制企业都不是独立的法人,企业财产由独资者或全体合伙人共有,公司是独立的法人,企业财产由企业

所有,企业承担独立的财产责任。

4. The United States’ economy suffered seve rely from the two World Wars in the 20th century. _____

【答案】F

【解析】两次世界大战的战火都没有烧到美国本土,美国在外交博弈中取得了相当大的利益,军工产业更是得到了飞速的发展。二战中期,英国曾一次性购买美国45艘二手驱逐舰,美国军队的战略战术体系和军工科技也得到了极大的发展。

5. Many people believe that the economic freedom of capitalism is crucial to America's economic success. _____

【答案】T

【解析】美国在建国后的一百多年中,一直奉行由英国传承而来的私有经济和自由竞争,那个时候也正是美国高速发展的时期。由市场规律“这只看不见的手”左右经济运行,任由企业自由发展、优胜劣汰,而政府并不对经济生活加以干预。优势企业通过联合、并购、重组等手段,可以同时控制生产、市场和价格,以追逐高额、稳定的利润。

6. When people buy stocks, they become part owner of the company. _____

【答案】T

【解析】股票是股份公司发行的所有权凭证,是股份公司为筹集资金而发行给各个股东作为持股凭证并借以取得股息和红利的一种有价证券。每股股票都代表股东对企业拥有一个基本单位的所有权。

7. The stockholders make profits even when the company loses money. _____

【答案】F

【解析】购买股票后,股东拥有发行企业的管理权,这是永久性的。没有按期还本付息,每年根据企业盈余收取股利。当公司赔钱时,股东就无法获取利益。

8. One rea son for America’s affluence is that a lot of people have inherited wealth from their parents. _____

【答案】F

【解析】美国的富有源于它是一个包容性极强的国家,是一个自由的国度。美国宪法规定“天赋人权”,人们可以自由地表达自己的思想和自由地选择和从事自己喜欢的职业,只要自己努力,任何人都可以通过自己的努力,实现自己的财富及其他梦想。美国的社会政治制度给每个人提供了一个自由实现自己人生梦想的平台,人人不仅可以自由地、无拘无束地活着,而且还可以不受很大约束地去实现自己的追求和梦想。从父辈那里继承财产是一部分美国人变得富有的原因,但大多数人还是靠自己的拼搏和努力来获得财富。

9. Strong domestic demand is one factor contributing to America's affluence. _____ 【答案】T

【解析】内需就是相对的国内的需求,包括投资需求和消费需求两个方面。美国的经济活力主要来自民间,而消费需求是其经济增长的首要动力。所以强大的国内需求是使得美国富裕的一个因素。

10. Many American leaders have extolled the virtues of farmers. _____

【答案】T

【解析】美国农民受到全国人的尊重。在美国建国之初,美国领导者就赞扬了努力耕作、自给自足的农民,认为他们应该被全国人民所仿效。美国农民展现出个人主义和平等主义,而这正是在全国范围内所被赞扬的。

11. Measures have been taken since to cope with it, and America emerged from the

ongoing financial crisis in 2010. _____

【答案】T

【解析】2007年底,美国遭受了严重的经济危机,当时已经采取了一些措施来应对,但美国直到2010年才走出金融危机。

Ⅱ. Choose the answer that best completes the statement of answers the question: 1. The first factory in the United States was a cotton textile mill in Pawtucket, in the state of _____.

A. New York

B. Rhode Island

C. Connecticut

D. Georgia

【答案】B

【解析】1789年,塞缪尔·斯莱特凭记忆仿制出英国的水力纺纱机,在罗得岛(Rhode Island)建立了美国第一座棉纺厂,揭开了美国工业革命的序幕。

2. The “American system” of mass production was first used in _____.

A. car industry

B. textile industry

C. firearms industry

D. agriculture

【答案】C

【解析】19世纪中叶,为适应大规模机器生产,一种新的生产方式在美国发展。这种方式确定了现代工业化批量生产的模式和工艺。其特点是:标准化产品的大批量生产;产品零件具有可互换性;在一系列简化了机械操作中使用大功率机械装置等,这就是“美国制造体系”。怀特尼于1798年向美国政府提出一项两年内生产一万支步枪的建议,不过这一计划十一年后才完成。对于现存的怀特尼滑膛枪的研究表明,其可互换的部件是有限的,其精度,也就是可互换的程度也是不同的。其他一些军火商也采用和发展了这一方法。怀特尼被称为“美国制造体系”之父。所以美国制造体系首先是被应用到了军火业。

3. The United States had the first standard paper currency in _____.

A. 1839

B. 1880

C. 1863

D. 1913

【答案】C

【解析】1863年,美国国会通过财政部长提出的《国民货币法》,第一次以法律形式规定

在全国范围内实行法定存款准备金制度,并发行类似于中世纪金匠黄金收据的金币券。该券票面上印有“持有人可凭此兑取金币”的字样。它是由美国财政部发行的、以百分之百黄金为储备的货币。

4. In which year was the United States rated No.1 in terms of production capacity in the world?

A. 1920.

B. 1950.

C. 1945.

D. 1960.

【答案】C

【解析】一战结束后,美国通过华盛顿条约确立了战后经济格局,也就是金本位制。虽然期间经历了经济大萧条,但英国瞬间倒退了,相反,这一期间美国迅速膨胀。直到二战,各国削弱,只有美国独大。在二战后,美国的生产力也就迅速跃居世界第一。

5. Which of the following is NOT considered as part of the service industry?

A. Banking.

B. Management consultation.

C. Airline.

D. Steelmaking.

【答案】D

【解析】一般将产业划分为三大类:第一产业(农业)、第二产业(制造业)和第三产业(服

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